不同透皮吸收促进剂对复方水杨酸凝胶透皮作用的影响

目的：探讨不同的促进剂对复方水杨酸凝胶透皮吸收的影响。方法：配制含不同促进剂的复方水杨酸凝胶，采用简单扩散小室装置，用紫外分光光度法测定不同处方凝胶剂中水杨酸和苯甲酸的透皮吸收药量。结果：水杨酸和苯甲酸的累积透皮吸收百分率与时间呈线性关系。与不合吸收促进荆的凝胶比较，吸收促进剂对水杨酸和苯甲酸透皮吸收的影响为薄荷脑＋油酸〉薄荷脑〉薄荷脑＋月桂氮[艹卓]酮〉油酸〉不合促渗剂〉软膏剂〉月桂氮[艹卓]酮。结论：薄荷脑，油酸对复方水杨酸凝胶的透皮吸收有明显的促进作用，其中以薄荷脑＋油酸的作用最明显，单独使用月桂氮[艹卓]酮对复方水杨酸凝胶剂有抑制作用。     

混合透皮促进剂对替硝唑凝胶透皮吸收作用的研究

目的：考察混合促进剂月桂氮苷卓酮和薄荷脑对替硝唑透皮吸收作用的影响。方法：采用改良 Ｆｒａｎｚ 直立式释放池,以离体小白鼠皮肤为透皮屏障,使用不同浓度的混合月桂氮苷卓酮和薄荷脑,测量替硝唑的透皮吸收量。结果：含０ ．５ ％ ,１ ．５ ％ ,２ ％ ,２ ．５ ％ 月桂氮苷卓酮和薄荷脑的替硝唑凝胶与不含月桂氮苷卓酮和薄荷脑的替硝唑凝胶间,其透皮吸收在２４ ｈ 后有显著差异（ Ｐ＜ ０ ．０５） 。含１ ％ 月桂氮苷卓酮和薄荷脑的替硝唑凝胶与不含月桂氮苷卓酮和薄荷脑的替硝唑凝胶间,其透皮吸收在２ ｈ 后则呈极显著差异（ Ｐ＜ ０ ．０１） 。结论：不同浓度的混合促进剂均可不同程度地促进替硝唑的透皮吸收效果,其中以１ ％ 月桂氮苷卓酮加１ ％ 薄荷脑组成的混合促进剂作用最显著。     

混合秀皮促进剂对替硝唑凝胶透皮吸收作用的研究

目的;考察混合促进剂用月桂氮Ｚｈｏｕ酮和薄离对替硝唑透皮吸收作用的影响。方法;采用改良Ｆｒａｎｚ直立式释放池,以离体小白鼠皮肤为透皮屏障,使用不同浓度的混合月桂氮Ｚｈｏｕ酮的薄荷脑,测量替硝唑的透皮吸收量。结果：含０．５％,１．５％,２％,２．５％月桂氮Ｚｈｏｕ酮和薄荷脑的替硝唑凝胶与不含月桂氮Ｚｈｏｕ酮和薄荷脑的替硝唑凝胶间,其透皮吸收在２４ｈ后有显著差异。     

促进剂对酮洛芬巴布剂体外透皮性的影响探讨

目的:通过几种常用促进剂对酮洛芬巴布剂体外促渗作用研究,筛选出适合用于酮洛芬巴布剂的透皮促进剂。方法:分别制备单独含2%或4%的桉叶油、油酸、薄荷脑、聚乙二醇400、月桂氮芯卓酮、聚山梨醇酯-80的酮洛芬巴布剂贴片,以及4%的桉叶油分别与2%的油酸、薄荷脑、聚乙二醇400合用的酮洛芬巴布剂贴片,采用改良Franz透皮扩散池,以离体小鼠背部皮肤为透皮屏障,贴敷12h,以渗透速率及12h累积渗透量为指标,探讨促进剂对酮洛芬体外透皮性的影响。结果:与空白组对照,2%聚山梨醇酯-80、2%月桂氮卓芯酮单独使用不能明显提高酮洛芬的渗透速率(P>0.05),4%聚山梨醇酯-80、4%月桂氮卓芯酮和其他的促进剂都能明显的提高酮洛芬的经皮渗透(P<0.01),对酮洛芬透皮速率提高大小顺序为油酸≥桉叶油>薄荷脑>聚乙二醇400>月桂氮卓芯酮>聚山梨醇酯-80。结论:油酸、桉叶油、薄荷脑、聚乙二醇400均可作为酮洛芬巴布剂透皮促进剂。     

复合透皮促渗剂对氨氯地平的促渗透作用

目的：研究不同透皮促渗剂对氨氯地平混悬液的体外兔皮渗透作用.方法：以30%乙醇为溶媒,分别配制含不同透皮促渗剂的氨氯地平饱和混悬液,采用自制改良Franz’s扩散池测量其对体外兔皮的促渗透作用.结果：促渗剂对氨氯地平均有促渗透作用,不同透皮促渗剂促透作用的大小顺序为：丙二醇＜油酸＜阿佐恩＜阿佐恩＋丙二醇＜油酸＋丙二醇.与不含促渗剂相比,油酸＋丙二醇渗透系统稳态透皮渗透速率约为不含促渗剂的2.7倍.结论：复合透皮促渗剂对氨氯地平有良好的促渗透作用.     

促渗剂对甲睾酮透皮作用的影响

目的:考察各种促渗剂对甲睾酮喷雾剂透皮作用的影响。方法:用改良的Franz透皮扩散池,以离体鼠皮为屏障,制备包含不同种类和浓度的促渗剂的甲睾酮乙醇溶液,高效液相色谱法测定甲睾酮累积渗透量及渗透速率。结果:薄荷素油和月桂氮卓芯酮均可显著促进甲睾酮透皮吸收,其透皮效率为:月桂氮芯卓酮-薄荷油(4%~6%,v/v)>月桂氮卓芯酮-薄荷油(2%~8%,v/v)>10%薄荷素油>10%月桂氮卓芯酮>无促渗剂。结论:薄荷油和月桂氮卓芯酮体积比为6%~4%(v/v)时比使用单一促渗剂时对甲睾酮的乙醇溶液具有更佳的促渗作用。     

睾酮经皮给药系统的处方研究

目的：寻找以聚丙烯酸酯为骨架的睾酮经皮给药系统的最佳处方。方法：以聚丙烯酸酯为基质设计不同的处方,在单室扩散池上测定睾酮通过人皮肤的渗透速率,研究不同的促渗剂和睾酮用量对经皮渗透的影响;同时以测定残余量的方法测定贴片在体经皮渗透量。结果：油酸,丙二醇,异丙醇,苯甲酸苄酯,月桂氮Ｚｈｏｕ酮等促渗剂均能显著提高睾酮贴片的经皮渗透速率,其中以月桂氮Ｚｈｏｕ酮加丙二醇的促渗作用最大;离体经皮渗透量随睾酮用     

混合促透剂对肤康涂膜剂中水杨酸和酮康唑透皮效果的影响

目的:考察混合促透剂月桂氮(廾卓)酮和薄荷脑对肤康涂膜剂中水杨酸和酮康唑透皮促进作用的影响.方法:采用简单小室法,以离体雄性大鼠皮肤为透皮屏障,用高效液相色谱法测定体外接受液中水杨酸和酮康唑的含量,计算各时间点的累积透皮率.结果:含2%月桂氮(廾卓)酮和2%薄荷脑的涂膜剂与不含月桂氮(廾卓)酮的涂膜剂相比较,其透皮促进作用在6 h后则呈显著性差异(P＜0.01).结论:不同浓度的混合促透剂均可不同程度地提高水杨酸和酮康唑的透皮促进作用,其中以2%月桂氮(廾卓)酮和2%薄荷脑组成的混合促透剂作用最显著.     

促进剂预处理皮肤对环吡酮胺经皮渗透的影响

目的：考察透皮促进剂对环吡酮胺经皮渗透的影响,方法：用透皮促进剂预处理离体小鼠皮肤,以改良的Franz扩散装置进行体外渗透实验,结果：环吡酮胺经皮渗透符合零级动力学过程,几种透皮促进剂的促渗作用大小依次为月桂氮zhuo酮－丙二醇（1：1）＞二甲基亚砜＞月桂氮zhuo＞水溶性月桂氮zhuo酮＞N－甲基吡咯烷酮＞薄荷油,结论：体外实验证明,透皮促进剂可增加环吡酮胺的透皮吸收。     

促渗剂对氟比洛芬体外经皮渗透的影响

目的研究不同的促渗剂对氟比洛芬体外经皮渗透的促渗作用。方法采用TK-6A型透皮扩散仪,用人皮进行体外经皮渗透实验,考察不同的促渗剂[二甲基亚砜、月桂醇、丙二醇、月桂氮酮(氮酮)、尿素、油酸]及其组合对氟比洛芬体外透皮吸收的促渗作用,以HPLC法测定各时间点接受室中药物浓度,求算透皮吸收的有关参数,比较各促渗剂的促渗作用。结果15%二甲基亚砜、3%氮酮、1%尿素可使氟比洛芬经皮渗透速率分别提高1.8,1.5,1.1倍,促渗剂联用取得的促渗效果更佳,5%油酸 20%丙二醇 1%尿素可使该药物的经皮渗透速率提高6倍。结论单用促渗剂对氟比洛芬经皮渗透促渗效果有限,促渗剂联合使用可以显著提高氟比洛芬经皮渗透速率。     

不同透皮吸收促进剂对左旋肉碱透皮特性的影响

目的:选择适宜的透皮吸收促进剂增加左旋肉碱的透皮百分率。方法:使用改良Franz体外释药装置,用RP-HPLC法检测接收液中左旋肉碱的浓度,计算药物的透皮累积释放量,采用滞留时间法求算经皮渗透相关系数,考察不同用量的丙二醇、尿素、氮酮对左旋肉碱的促透作用。结果:左旋肉碱的溶液在体外透皮释放试验中有透皮吸收。不同种类及不同用量的吸收促进剂对左旋肉碱的促透作用不同,且随着透皮时间的延长,促透量显著增加。3种透皮吸收促进剂中尿素和丙二醇的促透作用较好,氮酮的促透作用稍差。结论:透皮吸收促进剂能够增加左旋肉碱的透皮百分率,其中2.5%的丙二醇促透作用最强。     

Effects of vehicles and enhancers on transdermal delivery of melatonin

For a more effective transdermal delivery of melatonin (MT), the effects of vehicles and enhancers on its skin permeation and lag time were evaluated. Skin permeation study was conducted in Franz diffusion cells using excised hairless mouse skins. MT was analyzed by HPLC. As vehicles, ethanol (EtOH), polyethylene glycol 400 (PEG), or propylene glycol (PG) was used alone or mixed with a phosphate buffer. Binary vehicles (EtOH/buffer, PEG/buffer, PG/buffer) showed different effects on the skin permeation of MT and its lag time. Compared with the buffer alone, the PEG/buffer shortened the lag time of MT but reduced its skin permeation. EtOH/buffer significantly increased the flux of MT but prolonged the lag time with the content of EtOH. PG/buffer did not affect the lag time but slightly increased the skin permeation of MT at the higher content of PG (> or =80%). These results indicate that the composition of vehicles exerts significant influence but it per se might have limitation in modulating the transdermal delivery of MT. Next, one tested whether fatty acids could more effectively enhance the skin permeation of MT and shorten its lag time. Given the influence of vehicles on both permeation and lag time, PG was used as a vehicle for fatty acids. The permeation-enhancing effects of saturated fatty acids increased in the following order: C10>C12>C14>C16>C18. The saturated fatty acid, however, did not significantly shorten the lag time regardless of the carbon chain length. Meanwhile, similar to saturated lauric acid (C12), unsaturated oleic acid (C18) dramatically enhanced the skin permeability coefficient of MT more than 950-fold over the effect of PG alone. Moreover, oleic acid showed the shortest lag time (2.1 h). The results suggest that oleic acid in a suitable vehicle could more effectively enhance the skin permeation of MT and shorten its lag time than did the vehicles of various compositions.     

不同促渗剂对盐酸氨酮戊酸原位凝胶体外透皮吸收的影响

目的：研究不同透皮促渗剂对盐酸氨酮戊酸原位凝胶体外透皮吸收的影响,为筛选最佳透皮促渗剂提供实验依据。方法：采用Franz扩散池法,以离体大鼠皮肤为模型,选择3种常用透皮促渗剂月桂氮芯卓酮（azone,AZ）、丙二醇（propylene glycol,PG）、二甲亚砜（dimethyl sulfoxide,DMSO）,分别考察单一促渗剂及二元促渗剂对盐酸氨酮戊酸原位凝胶体外透皮吸收的影响。结果：含促渗剂盐酸氨酮戊酸原位凝胶体外透皮吸收显著高于未添加促渗剂盐酸氨酮戊酸原位凝胶及市售制剂;采用单一促渗剂时,1% PG促渗效果最好;采用二元促渗剂时,3% AZ+1% PG促渗效果最好;3% AZ+1% PG促渗效果优于1% PG,含促渗剂3% AZ+1% PG的盐酸氨酮戊酸原位凝胶透皮性优于市售制剂艾拉。结论：添加促渗剂的方法能够显著改善盐酸氨酮戊酸的体外透皮吸收性,3% AZ+1% PG构成的二元促渗剂用于盐酸氨酮戊酸原位凝胶促渗效果最佳;本研究为设计优良的盐酸氨酮戊酸经皮给药系统药物奠定了重要基础。     

奥沙普秦凝胶剂体外透皮实验条件及促渗剂的选择

目的 :考察载药量、介质组成、促渗剂月桂醇(LA)和氮酮(AZ)对奥沙普秦(OXP)凝胶剂体外透皮作用的影响。方法 :采用改良Franz双室渗透装置 ,以离体小鼠皮肤为透皮屏障 ,进行体外渗透试验。结果 :在有效透过面积5 77cm2条件下 ,载药量大于1 2g ,接收液乙醇∶生理盐水=7∶3(v∶v)时 ,实验结果稳定 ,重现性好 ;月桂醇促渗作用强于氮酮 ,混合促渗剂3 %AZ +10 %LA效果最佳。结论 :通过对OXP凝胶最佳透皮实验条件和促渗剂的选择 ,为研究OXP透皮给药提供了参考依据 ,同时对凝胶剂体外透皮试验的标准化进行了初步探讨。     

Bioadhesive transdermal film containing caffeine

The aim of this work was to investigate in vitro the transdermal permeation of caffeine from a new bioadhesive film, using rabbit ear skin as a barrier. The effects of film composition and of the presence of penetration enhancers in the formulation were studied. The obtained fluxes were compared with those shown by commercial formulations. The results obtained indicate that the bioadhesive film gave rise to a higher transdermal permeation compared to a commercial gel and to a saturated solution of caffeine in water. Additionally, the film did not present the typical time lag of solution and gel. Another peculiar feature of the film is that the percentage of permeated active substance is much higher than that obtained from commercial formulations. Finally, it was possible to modulate caffeine permeation from the film by adding different enhancers/solvents.     

Drug in adhesive type transdermal matrix systems of ondansetron hydrochloride: optimization of permeation pattern using response surface methodology

The present investigation aims at development of pressure sensitive adhesive (PSA) based drug in adhesive type transdermal systems of ondansetron hydrochloride with higher permeation flux. The effect of mixture of two chemical permeation enhancers (oleic acid and lauric acid diethanolamide); and drug loading dose on the ex vivo human cadaver skin permeation from the transdermal patches has been investigated using a d-optimal combined mixture design. Incorporation of chemical permeation enhancers significantly improved the permeability parameters and it was also found that blend of permeation enhancers is more effective than either permeation enhancer. Criterion of desirability was employed to numerically optimize the transdermal system. Optimized formulation was achieved with 67.5% lauric acid diethanolamide, 32.5% oleic acid and 10% drug loading in an acrylate based PSA matrix. Optimized formulation was found to be nonirritating and safe for dermatological application.     

Enhanced transdermal delivery of loratadine from the EVA matrix

Various enhancers, such as fatty acids (saturated, unsaturated), glycerides, propylene glycols, and non-ionic surfactants, have been incorporated in the loratadine-EVA matrix to increase the rate of skin permeation of loratadine from an EVA matrix. The enhancing effects of these enhancers on the skin permeation of loratadine were evaluated using a modified Keshary-Chien cell fitted with intact excised rat skin. The penetration enhancers showed a higher flux, probably due to the enhancing effect on the skin barrier, the stratum corneum. Among the enhancers used, such as the fatty acids, glycols, propylene glycols, and non-ionic surfactants, linoleic acid showed the best enhancement. For the enhanced transdermal delivery of loratadine, application of an EVA matrix containing a permeation enhancer might be useful in the development of a transdermal drug delivery system.     

Formulation,in vitro,and in vivo evaluation of matrix-type transdermal patches containing olanzapine

Transdermal patches of olanzapine were aimed to be prepared to overcome the side effects by oral application. The strategy was formulation of eudragit-based polymeric films to prepare transdermal patches by using nonionic (span-20), anionic (sodium lauryl sulfate), cationic surfactant (benzalkonium chloride), and vegetable oil (olive oil) as permeation enhancers. The patches were subjected to physicochemical, in vitro release and ex vivo permeation studies. On the basis of in vitro release performance, ERL 100:ERS 100 in the ratio of 3:2 was selected for incorporation of permeation enhancers. The permeation studies showed that formulation containing 10% span 20 (OD3) exhibited greatest cumulative amount of drug permeated (19.02?±?0.21?mg) in 72?h, so OD3 was concluded as optimized formulation and assessed for pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic, and skin irritation potential. In vivo studies of optimized olanzapine patch in rabbit model revealed prolongation of action with F_rel 116.09% during 72-h study period. Neuroleptic efficacy of transdermal patch was comparable to oral formulation during rotarod and grip test in Wistar albino rats with no skin irritation. Thus, developed formulation of olanzapine is expected to improve the patient compliance, form better dosage regimen, and provide maintenance therapy to psychotic patients.     

主成分分析法对促透剂促透效果的评价

目的：运用主成分分析法综合评价几种促透剂的促透效果。方法：以5-氟尿嘧啶为模型药物,利用离体透皮吸收装置,研究丁香油、广藿香油、荆芥油、氮酮、薄荷醇、油酸、樟脑促透剂在家兔背部皮肤上的透皮效果,计算累积透过量、透皮速率、增渗倍数和滞后时间,并运用主成分分析法评价促透效果。结果：油酸、丁香油、薄荷醇、广藿香油、氮酮、荆芥油都有促透作用,作用依次递进,2%荆芥油最强;氮酮、丁香油、樟脑、广藿香油、油酸、薄荷醇、荆芥油都有储库效应,效应依次递进。结论：主成分分析法可客观地综合评价促透剂的促透效果。     

透皮促进剂对白花前胡甲素体外经皮渗透的影响

目的:考察透皮促进剂对白花前胡甲素(dl-praeruptorin A,Pd-Ia)体外经皮渗透的影响。方法:采用改进的Franz扩散池,以大鼠离体皮肤为渗透屏障,用高效液相色谱法对Pd-Ia进行含量测定,考察月桂氮酮(Azone)及1%Azone与不同浓度丙二醇(PG)混合物对Pd-Ia透皮吸收的影响。结果:使用Azone对Pd-Ia有促透作用,1%Azone效果较好,平均渗透速率达到4.064μg.cm-2.h-1;1%Azone与15%PG合用促透效果最好,平均渗透速率达到4.889μg.cm-2.h-1,且与单用1%Azone有显著性差异(P<0.05)。结论:1%Azone与15%PG合用时,含0.5%Pd-Ia溶液体外渗透具有最大促透效果,体现出协同作用。