脾切除治疗儿童特发性血小板减少性紫癜

目的 评估脾切除术治疗儿童特发性血小板减少性紫癜（ITP）的安全性和有效性。方法 回顾分析5年37例ITP患儿行选择性脾切除术的疗效术后早期并发症。结果 所有患儿在转入外科前均在内科接受正规治疗。32例（86.6%)患儿脾切除后效果显著,5例（13.4%)部分显效,术后并发症有3例,其中1例为严重感染。结论 选择性脾切除术是儿童ITP一种安全和有效的治疗手段。     

脾切除治疗特发性血小板减少性紫癜

目的总结脾切除对内科治疗无效或反复复发的特发性血小板减少性紫癜(ITP)的治疗效果。方法对近20年间经内科治疗无效的58例ITP患者行脾切除手术治疗，观察其临床疗效。52例术后随访6个月至12年，其中随访1年以上者48例。 结果术后2周内血小板恢复正常(≥100×109/L)者47例，占81.03%（47/58）。术后2个月随访，总有效率79.31%（46/58）。术后52例均获随访6个月，总有效率为78.85%（41/52），11例复发。结论对内科治疗无效或复发性ITP，脾切除治疗有效。术前对激素治疗暂时有效、术后血小板回升较早及回升幅度较高者预后较好。     

腹腔镜脾切除治疗特发性血小板减少性紫癜20例

目的 探讨腹腔镜下脾切除术(LS)治疗特发性血小板减少性紫癜(ITP)的临床效果.方法 我院2003年1月至2008年8月期间行LS治疗ITP患者20例,将术前与术后1、2、7、14、30、90及180 d的血小板计数进行比较.结果 20例ITP患者均顺利完成LS,平均手术时间为156 min,术中出血平均50 ml,平均住院时间为9 d.完全停用药物14例;4例患者术后需继续服用激素治疗,但激素用量较前明显减少;无效2例.总有效率为90%.术后1、2、7、14、30、90及180 d的血小板数量分别为(251.6±91.4)×109/L、(312.6±90.1)×109/L、(343.2±103.7)×109/L、(300.0±98.2)×109/L、(175.6±42.6)×109/L、(151.8±42.1)×109/L及(207.0±53.4)×109/L,分别与术前[(38.3±19.4)×109/L]比较,经t检验,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.001).结论 LS治疗ITP是可行和安全的,手术效果满意.     

选择素在脾切除治疗特发性血小板减少性紫癜中的意义

目的 研究特发性血小板减少性紫癜（ITP）时脾脏血管内皮细胞的活化程度,了解脾切除后选择素（selectin）水平的变化,探讨脾切除治疗的ITP的指征。方法 A组为12例激素疗效不佳,术前sE-selectin、sP-selectin/Plt水平明显高于正常的ITP病例;B组为8例肝炎后性肝硬化继发脾机能亢进病人。二组病人均行脾切除,术前、术后检测血小板（Plt）、选择素（P-selectin、L－selectin)、可溶性选择素（sE-selectin、sL-selectin、sP-selectin)。结果 A组术后获随访11例,10例反应极好,1例反应良好。术前sE-selectin水平A、B两组均高于正常,术后快速下降;A组术前sP-selectin/Plt远高于B组（7．55vs2.03fg/plt,P＝0．02）,术后1个月两组均下降至正常水平;A组sE-selectin、P-selectin、sP-selectin/Plt在术后6个月仍维持低水平。A、B两组术前和术后L-selectin、sL-selectin水平无明显差异。结论 E－selectin、P-selectin参与ITP血小板破坏的病理过程。sE-selectin、sP-selectin-Plt水平可作为术前预测ITP脾切除疗效的参考指标,高者可能手术效果较好。     

脾切除术治疗特发性血小板减少性紫癜29例报告

目的探讨脾切除术治疗特发性血小板减少性紫癜（idiopathic thromboeytpertic purpura,ITP）手术以及围手术期处理需要注意的问题和疗效。方法回顾性分析29例ITP患者临床资料,包括年龄、性别、围手术期治疗等,对临床疗效进行观察。结果手术前10例患者行腹部CT检查,8例发现副脾,1例发现右侧肾肿瘤,1例发现腹膜后血肿,25例行腹部B超检查,5例发现副脾。29例均行脾切除术,手术中切除副脾8例。手术后1例颅内出血死亡,其余存活,死亡率3．45％。手术后胰尾小动脉出血1例,二次手术予以止血,1例并发左侧膈下脓肿。29例患者脾切除术后第一天有效率100％,手术后1周有效率93％（27／29）。随访15例,随访2～87个月,其中有效73．7％（11／15）,部分有效13．3％（2／15）,无效6．67％（1／15）。结论完善检查、围手术期处理措施得当是ITP外科手术治疗的关键因素。     

腹腔镜脾切除术治疗特发性血小板减少性紫癜

目的：探讨腹腔镜脾切除术治疗特发性血小板减少性紫癜的手术安全性、可行性和临床疗效。方法：回顾性分析35例内科治疗无效的特发性血小板减少性紫癜患者行腹腔镜脾切除术的临床资料。33例成功地完成腹腔镜脾切除术。另2例在腹腔镜脾切除后脾床渗血，施行小切口脾床止血。结果：手术时间70～180min，平均4120min。术中出血量20-600mL，平均120mL。平均住院时间6．4d，无并发症发生。术后随访3～20个月，平均lO个月，19例完全有效，12例部分有效，总有效率88．6％。结论：腹腔镜脾切除术治疗特发性血小板减少性紫癜安全可行、痛苦少、恢复快。     

脾切除治疗特发性血小板减少性紫癜疗效及影响因素分析

目的 探讨特发性血小板减少性紫癜(idiopathic thromb-ocytopenic purpura,ITP)行脾切除治疗的效果并分析影响疗效的因素.方法 81例ITP行脾切除治疗,对其年龄、性别、术前对激素的反应、病程、术后血小板数量变化与脾切除疗效进行统计学分析.结果 81例中显效41例,良效27例,进步9例,无效4例,有效率(显效+良效)为84％.统计学分析显示术前对激素有反应者和术后血小板峰值较高者治疗效果较好(P＜0.05),其余各项指标差异均无统计学意义.结论 脾切除术对难治性的ITP患者安全有效,术前患者对激素治疗敏感程度可能对其手术效果的预判及指导临床治疗有一定的价值.     

腹腔镜脾切除术治疗难治性特发性血小板减少性紫癜

目的探讨腹腔镜脾切除术(laparoscopic splenectomy,LS)治疗内科药物治疗无效的难治性特发性血小板减少性紫癜(idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura,ITP)的可行性和疗效. 方法回顾性分析1999年9月～2004年7月31例难治性ITP(血小板计数<50×109/L)行LS的临床资料.采用全麻、右侧斜卧位或完全右侧卧位、三孔法(27例)或四孔法(4例)进行手术. 结果 2例中转传统开腹手术.29例完成LS,手术时间为65 ～325 min,平均137 min.术中出血量50 ～600 ml,平均116 ml.6例术中发现副脾并切除.术后2例切口感染,1例切口皮下血肿.术后随访3～41个月,平均11个月,16例(55.2%)完全显效,8例(27.6%)部分显效,总有效率82.8%(24/29). 结论 LS治疗难治性ITP安全可行,效果良好.     

特发性血小板减少性紫癜的脾切除治疗

特发性血小板减少性紫癜(idiopathic thrombocytopenic pur-pura,ITP)是一种原因不明的获得性出血性疾病,以血小板减少、骨髓巨核细胞数正常或增加,以及缺乏导致血小板减少的原因为特征。它可能是免疫介导的血小板破坏增多引起,因此,又称为免疫性血小板减少性紫癜(immune thrombocytopenicprupura,ITP)。国内外学者认为在体液免疫中,脾脏是产生破坏血小板相关抗体IgG(PAIgG)的主要场所,主张脾切除治疗,Ben等[1]在总结712例ITP患者治疗后,建议ITP患者对糖皮质激素无反应者,应尽早行脾切除术。Szold等[2]认为慢性ITP就是一种外科的…     

脾切除治疗特发性血小板减少性紫癜69例体会

目的 探讨脾切除对内科治疗无效的特发性血小板减少性紫癜(idiopathic thrombocy-topenic purpura,ITP)的治疗效果.方法 对2000年5月～2008年4月经内科治疗无效在我科行脾切除术的69例ITP(其中6例附加副脾摘除术)的年龄、性别、术前病程、术前对激素的反应、术后血小板峰值与脾切除疗效进行统计学分析.结果 全部69例中,显效36例,良效18例,进步10例,无效5例,有效率(显效 良效)为78.3%.随访1年以上者57例,其中复发6例,复发率为10.5%.统计学分析显示术前对激素有反应者和术后血小板峰值较高者治疗效果较好(P<0.01),其余各项均无显著性差异.结论 脾切除术对内科治疗无效的难治性ITP病人是一种安全有效的治疗方法.     

Laparoscopic splenectomy for idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura

Background: Laparoscopic splenectomy is a novel approach for the treatment of idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) in patients requiring surgical intervention. This technique was used for treatment in 16 consecutive patients. Follow-up was initiated at a median of 13.5 months after surgery to determine whether or not laparoscopic splenectomy is a safe and successful procedure that should be used in all patients requiring splenectomy for ITP. Methods: Sixteen patients underwent laparoscopic splenectomy for ITP between May 1994 and September 1996. They were evaluated prospectively prior to surgery, immediately following surgery, at discharge, and at 13.5 months following surgery (n= 14) to determine the short- and long-term results of the procedure. Results: Mean operation time was 123.4 ± 12.1 min, and there were no significant intra- or postoperative complications. Mean intraoperative blood loss was 437.5 ± 73.5 ml. Autologous blood transfusion was necessary in one patient (6.3%). Mean organ weight was 202.2 ± 47.3 g. Mean postoperative hospital stay was 4.6 ± 0.4 days. Before discharge, mean platelet count rose by 100.7%. At follow-up (13.5 months postoperatively), it was 77.7% above preoperative values. No additional surgery was necessary in any of the patients undergoing laparoscopic splenectomy, and hematologic success was achieved in 12 patients (85.7%). Conclusions: Our results clearly indicate that laparoscopic splenectomy is a safe and successful procedure in patients suffering from ITP. It offers the well-known advantages of minimal invasive surgery as well as the surgical effectiveness of the open approach. This surgical technique should therefore be considered in all patients requiring splenectomy for the treatment of ITP.     

腹腔镜脾切除术治疗特发性血小板减少性紫癜的临床经验

目的 探讨腹腔镜脾切除术治疗特发性血小板减少性紫癜(idioathic thrombocytopenic purpura,ITP)的可行性及临床疗效.方法 对2003年8月至2006年12月间17例ITP病例行腹腔镜脾切除术的临床资料进行回顾性分析.结果 17例患者均顺利完成腹腔镜下脾切除术,无中转开腹.手术失血少,术后无出血、无消化道瘘及腹腔感染.术后血小板均有明显上升,停用激素药后1个月复查,除2例(2/17,11.8%)部分有效外,其余15例(15/17,88.2%)为完全缓解.随访3～43个月,无复发病例.结论 腹腔镜脾切除术安全可行,效果良好.     

Laparoscopic splenectomy for idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura

BACKGROUND: Laparoscopic splenectomy (LS) has become the treatment of choice for patients with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) who do not respond to medical treatment. Long-term follow-up data of LS for ITP are scarce. METHODS: From May 1997 to December 2002, we performed 67 LS for patients with ITP. Data were assessed retrospectively. RESULTS: LS was successfully attempted in all 67 patients. There was no surgical mortality. Three postoperative complications (5%) were encountered. The mean operative time decreased significantly from 176.2 minutes in the first 41 cases to 125.2 minutes in the last 26 cases. The mean postoperative hospital stay was 3.2 days. Accessory spleens were found in 3 patients (5%) during the LS. The mean follow-up interval was 23.3 months. The initial response to LS was 83%, and overall remission of ITP was 74%. The preoperative effect of steroid therapy had no significant influence on postoperative remission rate. More significant indicators of LS effectiveness were either an immediate postoperative platelet count surge or an immediate postoperative platelet count >or=100000/microL. CONCLUSIONS: LS can be performed safely with a satisfactory remission rate for patients with ITP who do not respond to medical treatment. Our results indicated that an immediate postoperative platelet count surge and/or an immediate postoperative platelet count >or=100000/microL were positive predictors of long-term remission after LS for ITP.     

Laparoscopic splenectomy for idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura

We conducted a retrospective multicenter study by questionnaire to evaluate the results of laparoscopic splenectomy for idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP). Between 1991 and 1998, 209 patients with a mean age of 41.2 years (range, 10-83) had a laparoscopic splenectomy for idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura. Preoperatively, 178 patients (85%) underwent medical treatment aimed at achieving a satisfactory platelet count. Twenty-nine patients were obese, with a body mass index greater than 30%, and 14% were HIV-seropositive. The so-called hanging spleen technique in the right lateral decubitus position was used most often. The average duration of surgery was 144 minutes (45-360). This was significantly longer in cases of conversion (170 minutes; P < 0.01). The factors influencing the duration of laparoscopy were operator experience and patient obesity (P < 0.01). A conversion was necessary in 36 cases (17.2%) because of hemorrhage. The conversion rate varied from 5.3% to 46.7%, depending on the surgical team. A multivariate analysis of factors disposing to conversion identified two causes: obesity and operator experience. One or more accessory spleens were found in 34 patients (16.2%). The average weight of the spleens was 194.2 g. There were no deaths. There were no complications in 187 patients (89.5%), with a mean hospital stay of 6.1 days. Patients who did not require a conversion had a significantly earlier return of intestinal transit, used less analgesic, and had a shorter length of hospitalization. Overall morbidity was 10.5% (22 cases), due to subphrenic collections (7 cases), abdominal wall complications (6 cases), re-intervention for actual or suspected hemorrhage or pancreatitis (3 cases), pneumopathology (2 cases) and others (4 cases). A multivariate analysis about morbidity shows a statistically significant difference in conversions (P < 0.05) but not in obesity or in surgeon's experience. Normal activity was achieved on average by the twentieth postoperative day--earlier if conversion was not required (18.4 versus 33.9 days). The average preoperative platelet count was 92.7 x 10(9)/L (range, 3 to 444). Twenty patients had a count of less than 30 x 10(9)/L and in this group the conversion rate was 30% (6 cases). Ninety-six patients were seen in the outpatient clinic, with an average follow-up time of 16.2 months (3 to 72 months), and the average platelet count was 242 x 10(9)/L (6 to 780). Eight patients (8.3%) were failures with a platelet count of <30 x 10(9)/L. In the 20 patients with a preoperative platelet count <30 x 10(9)/L, there were 3 early failures and 5 late relapses. There were 2 late deaths: chest infection at 3 months in an HIV seropositive patient and one case of pulmonary embolus at 6 months. Laparoscopic splenectomy constitutes a real alternative to conventional splenectomy for the treatment of idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura. It is associated with fewer postoperative complications, a shorter duration of hospitalization and an earlier return to normal activity. The limiting factors are the experience of the operator and patient obesity. The long-term results are identical to those of conventional splenectomy, with a better than average success rate in patients that have failed preoperative medical treatment.     

腹腔镜脾切除术治疗特发性血小板减少性紫癜

目的探讨腹腔镜脾切除术（laparoscopic splenectomy，LS）治疗特发性血小板减少性紫癜（idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura，ITP）的疗效。方法头高左侧高位，常规四孔法。超声刀分离脾结肠韧带、脾胃韧带、脾肾韧带及脾膈韧带，其内血管用钛夹或Hem-o-lok结扎夹夹闭。内镜血管切割闭合器（Endo-Cutter）闭合切断脾蒂；或沿脾脏逐-分离、结扎、剪断脾动、静脉的分支，或分离出脾下极动脉和脾动静脉主干，7号丝线分别结扎，血管夹夹闭，逐-结扎、剪断其分支。脾脏放入标本袋，经扩大的trocar切口提出标本袋边，脾脏于标本袋内搅碎后取出。结果2例因术中出血中转开腹手术。26例完成LS，手术时间75～230min，平均121min；术中出血量20～350ml，平均89ml。5例发现副脾并切除。术后1～2d恢复饮食并下地活动。术后住院4～11d，平均5．3d。2例切口感染，1例切口皮下血肿，1例皮下气肿。26例LS随访2．5～62个月，平均20、5月，18例（69．2％）有效，4例（15．4％）部分有效，4例（15．4％）无效。结论LS治疗ITP安全可行、效果良好。     

腹腔镜脾切除治疗特发性血小板减少性紫癜九例体会

目的：探讨腹腔镜脾切除在特发性血小板减少性紫癜中的应用。方法回顾性分析2008年1月至2010年6月传统手术组13例,2010年6月至2012年1月腹腔镜脾切除组9例的临床资料。采用SPSSl3．0统计软件进行数据分析,组间比较用χ2检验,P ＜0．05被认为有统计学意义。结果腔镜组切除脾脏时间平均80 min,传统手术组平均75 min,两组差异无统计学意义（χ2＝0．79, P＞0．05）。腹腔镜组术中出血量平均130 ml（50～280 ml）,传统手术组平均210 ml （60～450 ml）,腹腔镜组术中出血量明显少于传统手术组（χ2＝25．79,P＜0．05）;术后腹腔镜组24～48 h内恢复胃肠蠕动,传统手术组48～96 h ,平均72 h（χ2＝194．03,P＜0．01）;平均住院时间腹腔镜组6．5 d明显少于传统手术组12．8 d,（χ2＝87．88,P＜0．01）,以上数项差异均有统计学意义。术后随访6～48个月,腹腔镜组患者临床治愈率77．8％,传统手术组患者临床治愈率76．9％（χ2＝0．02,P＞0．05）,差异无统计学意义。结论腹腔镜脾切除治疗特发性血小板减少性紫癜安全可行,具有创伤小、恢复快等优点。     

腹腔镜脾切除治疗原发性血小板减少性紫癜(附8例报告)

目的:探讨腹腔镜脾切除术(LS)治疗原发性血小板减少性紫癜(ITP)的临床意义。方法:回顾分析8例LS治疗ITP的临床资料。结果:8例均治愈,无再发出血,血小板总数上升为7.8×109~29.1×109/L,1例5.1×109/L,经糖皮质激素治疗(15mg/d),3月后停药,1例脾窝积液,2例脾热,经抗炎对症治疗后14d痊愈。结论:LS治疗ITP是一种理想的治疗方法。     

Laparoscopic accessory splenectomy for recurrent idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura

BACKGROUND: Splenectomy has 50% to 70% long-term efficacy for immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP). In some patients, relapse is due to the presence of residual accessory splenic tissue. METHODS: A 44-year-old male had ITP since 1983 with splenectomy in 1985. He had a transient response, but then developed severe thrombocytopenia refractory to multiple modalities for 20 years. An accessory spleen was first visualized in 2000. RESULTS: A laparoscopic accessory splenectomy was performed without difficulty. The patient had an initial response with a significant increase in platelet count. Although over time the thrombocytopenia recurred, there has been a long-term benefit in that the patient is on much lower doses of prednisone to maintain an adequate platelet count. CONCLUSION: The finding of accessory splenic tissue after prior splenectomy may be an increasingly common problem in patients with recurrent ITP. Although reported response rates for resection of residual splenic tissue vary, the availability of a safe, less morbid, minimally invasive approach makes the decision to operate easier.