分布于眼外肌的睫状前动脉的应用解剖研究

眼斜视矫正后手术中，在直肌上做肌肉的后徒、截除和转移，离断直肌伤及睫状前动脉可造成眼前节缺血．眼前节缺血是一种潜在的致盲因素[2]，其表现为角膜混浊，低眼压，虹膜萎缩和晶体混浊等，严重者可致眼球萎缩[3]．Roth等[4]（1989—1990）提出不伤害血管的斜视矫正术．国内外文献均未见对睫状前动脉进行详细研究的报道．本文对30例成人尸体眼球上睫状前动脉的长度、管径、位置和数目等作了观察统计，为眼斜视矫正手术提供解部学基础．材料和方法选用常规防腐固定的成年尸体的头颅，用过滤的红色乳胶高压灌注颈内动脉，对准注成功的30例…     

眼的后短睫状动脉系统及相关的循环障碍

后短睫状动脉 (SPCA)系统血管主要分布在脉络膜和视神经 ,眼底检查不像中央血管那样直接可见 ,诊断容易造成困惑。随着吲哚青绿血管造影的应用 ,对阐明脉络膜病变更为有利。从前认为青光眼眼压增高引起视盘凹陷萎缩以致盘周出现萎缩晕轮 ;现在研究发现 ,视盘附近脉络膜视网膜易遭受高眼压损害发生萎缩 ,后来才出现青光眼性视盘损害及视野缺损〔1〕。视乳头部位的临床病理改变复杂而多样。这些都促使我们对有关血管分布和血循环障碍应有进一步的了解。今将 SPCA系统的生理解剖和相关眼底病变叙述如下。一、 SPCA系统的生理解剖SPCA自…     

颈动脉支架术后视网膜中央动脉合并睫状后短动脉阻塞1例

颈动脉狭窄是一种常见的神经科疾病,是脑卒中的重要发病原因之一,我们在临床工作中发现,许多缺血性眼病亦与颈动脉狭窄有着密不可分的联系。颈动脉支架植入术(carotid angioplasty and stenting,CAS)作为治疗颈动脉狭窄的重要方式,得到越来越广泛的应用,但此手术亦存在风险。现对CAS术中斑块碎片脱落并发症进行详细报道。     

睫状后短动脉阻塞1例

患者男59岁因发现左眼视野缩小12小时入院。有高血压病史20余年、冠心病史1年。入院查体：BP120／75mmHg，HR76次／分，R18次／分，T36．5℃。全身检查无明显异常。右眼视力0．6，矫正1．0；左眼视力0．15。矫正0．8。双眼瞳孔光反应正常，晶体无浑浊。右视盘色泽正常。左眼底视盘色较淡，鼻侧界欠清。双眼黄斑中心凹反光存．     

睫状前动脉的应用解剖学研究

目的：对睫状前动脉的分支、分布、行程及睫状前动脉与虹膜大环关系进行研究，为眼科斜视矫正手术提供解剖学资料。方法：采用２５只成人眼球，眼动脉进行红色乳胶氧化铅混合液灌注，在手术显微镜下解剖观察；２只新生儿眼球进行墨汁灌注，切厚片观察睫状前动脉的行程、分布。结果：睫状前动脉为眼直肌内主要肌动脉的直接延续。外直肌睫状前动脉１～２条；上、内、下直肌２～３条。出肌处口径：上直肌０．２０２±０．０６３ｍｍ，内直肌０．１６４±０．０６０ｍｍ，下直肌０．２１１±０．０８０ｍｍ，外直肌０．２０３±０．１９４ｍｍ。睫状前动脉出肌处与直肌止点的距离：上直肌８．８２±２．５０ｍｍ，内直肌６．０８±１．４１ｍｍ，下直肌６．６３±２．４５ｍｍ，外直肌１０．１±２．８４ｍｍ。Ｘ线显示各直肌的睫状前动脉均参与虹膜大环的构成。纵向组织切片睫状前动脉为肌动脉延续，沿直肌肌腱表面前行，发支到巩膜，最后终于虹膜大环。结论：睫状前动脉与直肌关系十分密切，是构成虹膜大环的优势血管，在斜视矫正手术中，特别一次手术涉及到多条直肌时，应注意睫状前动脉的保护，防止术后眼前节缺血。     

睫状前动脉的应用解剖学研究

对睫状前动脉的分支，分布，行程及睫状前动脉与虹膜大环关系进行研究。为眼科斜视矫正手术提供解剖学资料。方法采用２５只成人眼球，眼动脉进行红色乳胶氧化铅沿合液灌注，在手术显微镜下解剖观察；     

涡静脉、睫状后长动脉在眼内异物定位中的应用

目的：探讨涡静脉、睫状后长动脉在眼内异物,尤其是后极部异物定位诊断中的应用价值。方法：对36例（36眼）眼内异物患者,先行X线缝环定位后,以涡静脉、睫状后长动脉的巩膜表面标志作参考,确定切口位置,摘出异物。结果：异物摘出率100％。19例术后视力有不同程度提高,12例视力不变,5例视力下降。结论：涡静脉、睫状后长动脉巩膜表面标志对眼内异物定位具有可靠的辅助作用。     

节段状视网膜动脉周围炎并发睫状视网膜动脉阻塞1例

患者女４６岁左眼视力下降伴同侧偏头痛一个月，在当地县医院诊为左眼葡萄膜炎，给予对症治疗１０天，未见明显好转，于１９９８年１月４日来我院就诊。眼部检查：右眼视力１．０，未见明显异常。左眼视力０．５，轻度睫状充血，角膜后羊脂状ＫＰ３个，前房正常深，瞳孔３...     

视网膜中央动脉阻塞合并鼻侧睫状动脉阻塞

男性,51岁。右眼突然视物不见5天。既往糖尿病11年。矫正视力0.02。右眼存在相对性传入性瞳孔障碍。眼底像（图1A）：右眼后极部和视盘鼻侧视网膜水肿,黄斑樱桃红色,视网膜小动脉窄。荧光素眼底血管造影（图1B~1F）：右眼动脉前期鼻侧脉络膜充盈迟缓,视网膜动脉明显充盈迟缓,视盘旁多处片状低荧光,晚期可见视盘高荧光     

眼外肌显微睫状前血管分离术的临床探讨

目的 应用眼外肌显微眼状前血管分离术在治疗３１例复杂和特殊类型斜视手术中的效果。方法 在需行二行以上眼外肌手术时,行睫状血管分离术,保留眼状前血管,手术一次完成。结果 ３１例随访６月～３年。未发现眼前段缺血。结论 眼外肌显微睫状前血管分离术,解决了眼肌方面高难度又不能一次手术的难题。     

Angiotensin-II contracts isolated human posterior ciliary arteries

The effect of angiotensin-II (A-II) was studied on ring segments of the terminal extraocular branches of the posterior ciliary artery isolated from human enucleated eyes. It induced a potent concentration-dependent contraction on top of the spontaneous myogenic tone of all arteries studied from five patients with the concentration required to give half-maximal response equal to 51 nM. The spontaneous tone and maximal increase in vessel wall tension induced by A-II was equal to 51% of Emax. The relative response and sensitivity to A-II was unchanged in three endothelial denuded vessels, but the spontaneous tone increased. The arteries became completely insensitive to A-II after one exposure. These results show an immediate direct contractile effect of A-II on human posterior ciliary arteries, but the development of pronounced tachyphylaxis indicates that A-II is probably not an important factor in reducing blood flow to the optic nerve head.     

Regional differences of vascular sensitivities in canine long posterior ciliary arteries

Information is needed with regard to the vascular reactivities of ophthalmic and ciliary arteries in order to provide rational medical treatment of ocular disease by systemic administration of drugs. In the present study, vascular reactions of isolated proximal and distal portions of dog long posterior ciliary arteries (LPCAs) to norepinephrine (NE), prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2 alpha) and KCl were examined using the arterial-perfusion method, in the presence and absence of 2 kinds of antagonists, bunazosin (a selective alpha-1 adrenoceptor antagonist) and diltiazem (a calcium antagonist). In the present study, the proximal LPCA is defined as the region of LPCA on the optic nerve, and the distal one the region along the sclera except the anterior uvea. Each drug was injected by a microinjector into the endothelial side of an artery through a cannulated rubber tubing. Responses were recorded as changes in perfusion pressure. Results were as follows: 1) Three agents produced temporal vasoconstrictions, and the rank order of potency for inducing a vasoconstriction was NE greater than PGF2 alpha greater than KCl in each portion. 2) In these two regions of LPCAs, the maximum increase in perfusion pressure and the threshold dose for KCl were almost the same. 3) The maximum increase in perfusion pressure by PGF2 alpha was the same in these regions, but the threshold dose on proximal vessels was significantly larger than that on distal ones, indicating that the distal LPCAs were more sensitive to PGF2 alpha than the proximal ones. 4) The threshold dose for NE in the distal LPCAs was significantly greater than that in the proximal ones.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Evaluation of blood flow velocity and pulsation curve in the posterior ciliary arteries in glaucoma

One hundred and thirty two examinations (253 eyes) were performed in 78 patients with primary glaucoma, 21-81 years of age. The blood speed and pulsation curve in the posterior ciliary arteries were evaluated by the ultrasonographic pulsating focused Doppler's method with a probe of 8 MHz frequency, connected to the TC-2-64 apparatus of EME production in eyes with a various grade of the optic nerve lesion and by various values of the IOP. It was shown that in eyes with early glaucomatous changes of the optic nerve the correct perfusion in the ciliary circulation is secured in the presence of a rise of the IOP up to 34 mm Hg. Instead in eyes with an advanced optic atrophy a normal perfusion in the ciliary arteries persists only when the IOP is lower than 15 mm Hg.     

The level of spontaneous myogenic tone in isolated human posterior ciliary arteries decreases with age

The spontaneous myogenic activity of rings of human posterior ciliary arteries was studied in vitro. All arteries from six patients had an intrinsic myogenic tone, which was dependent on extracellular calcium and inversely correlated with age. The myogenic tone was stable without rhythmic variations, except in one artery. The level of spontaneous myogenic tone was higher in vessels where the endothelium was removed than in normal arteries. Acetylcholine induced a complete and concentration dependent relaxation of endothelium-intact but not endothelium-denuded arteries. Indomethacin induced a small concentration dependent contraction of the arteries. Methylene blue did also contract the arteries concentration dependently. The experiments indicate that the myogenic tone of human posterior ciliary arteries is regulated by prostaglandin formation (prostacyclin?) as well as release of endothelium-derived relaxing factor in the arteries. The results indicate that the blood flow regulatory capacity of these arteries may be endangered by aging and endothelial damage, which could increase the probability of developing, e.g. ischemic damage of the optic nerve head.