覆膜支架治疗难治性股动脉假性动脉瘤的探讨

目的探讨覆膜支架置入治疗难治性股动脉假性动脉瘤的有效性及其安全性。方法 2012年8月至2017年8月期间,河西学院附属张掖人民医院血管外科共收治了26例难治性股动脉假性动脉瘤患者,其中属外伤性股动脉假性动脉瘤20例,医源性股动脉假性动脉瘤6例;26例中有8例合并股动-静脉瘘。26例患者术前全部经彩超检查得以确诊,并在彩超引导下进行常规压迫或瘤腔内注射血凝酶治疗,但均未获成功,26例患者最终改行股动脉覆膜支架置入术治疗,其中4例同期行血肿清除术,2例行假性动脉瘤腔内穿刺引流术。结果全部患者一期置入覆膜支架均获成功,股动脉假性动脉瘤及动-静脉瘘均治愈,6例患者股深动脉封闭,无手术死亡及严重并发症发生。术后6个月及12个月进行随访,26例患者均无瘤体复发及支架移位、断裂、栓塞和内瘘发生。结论覆膜支架置入治疗难治性股动脉假性动脉瘤是安全、有效、微创的方法,其短期效果满意,远期疗效有待进一步观察。     

腹部手术后腹腔干分支假性动脉瘤消化道瘘的临床分析：附5例分析

目的:总结分析腹部手术后腹腔干分支假性动脉瘤消化道瘘导致的迟发性消化道大出血的诊断和治疗。方法:回顾性分析自2013年1月—2014年9月腹部肿瘤术后上消化道大出血经造影证实腹腔干分支假性动脉瘤消化道瘘的5例患者的临床资料。结果:5例患者消化道出血时间平均为术后53.6 d;假性动脉瘤位于脾动脉2例,位于肝总动脉2例,位于左肝动脉1例;造影后行栓塞治疗4例,行覆膜支架置入1例。无术后严重并发症及围手术死亡病例。随访时间6~16个月,无再次假性动脉瘤破裂出血,肝总动脉覆膜支架置入患者于8个月猝死,原因未明。结论:腹腔干分支假性动脉瘤消化道瘘是腹部手术后罕见而又致命的并发症,应提高该病的认识,其诊断及治疗首选动脉造影及血管腔内治疗,避免医源性损伤可能是减少该病发生的关键。     

经皮肝穿刺胆管引流术后胆管大出血的介入治疗

目的探讨介入疗法治疗经皮肝穿刺胆管引流术（PTCD）后胆管大出血的临床应用价值。方法对9例PTCD术后胆管大出血患者进行选择性血管造影和引流管造影,证实责任血管后进行介入治疗。结果对2例动脉胆管瘘患者行超选择性责任血管出血点近端和远端栓塞,6例假性动脉瘤患者行超选择性动脉瘤远端、假性动脉瘤及近端栓塞,对1例胆管门静脉主干瘘患者行胆管内覆膜支架植入术。术后所有患者出血均停止,经3～6个月随访后均无再出血。结论介入疗法治疗PTCD术后胆管大出血安全有效,创伤小。     

多种介入方法治疗内脏动脉瘤32例经验

目的探讨介入治疗内脏动脉瘤的方法和疗效。方法回顾性分析2011年2月至2018年4月期间解放军第960医院收治的32例内脏动脉瘤患者的临床资料,介入治疗前均经CT或数字减影血管造影(DSA)明确诊断,然后分别采用覆膜支架置入、裸支架联合弹簧圈栓塞、双层裸支架重叠置入或单纯弹簧圈栓塞治疗,置入支架的患者给予抗凝治疗,分别于术后1、6、12及24个月或患者不适时行CT血管造影(CTA)检查以了解动脉瘤的闭塞情况、支架及分支动脉是否通畅。结果本组病例的介入手术成功率为100%。11例患者采用覆膜支架置入后造影显示动脉瘤未再显影,支架内血流通畅;9例采用裸支架联合弹簧圈栓塞及3例采用双层裸支架重叠置入术后造影示动脉瘤未再显影或显影浅淡,支架内血流通畅,分支动脉血流通畅;9例行单纯弹簧圈栓塞后动脉瘤未显影。所有患者无围手术期死亡及介入手术相关并发症发生。32例患者无失访,随访6～48个月,中位随访时间25.5个月。随访1个月时1例患者出现轻微腹痛,给予对症治疗后症状消失。随访12个月时1例覆膜支架置入者支架内狭窄30%,患者无明显的临床症状,其余患者动脉瘤未复发,支架及分支动脉内血流通畅。结论腔内介入治疗内脏动脉瘤是一种安全、有效的方法,近中期效果较理想。     

获得性动-静脉瘘的介入微创治疗

目的 评价用介入微创技术治疗获得性动一静脉瘘(AVF)的安全性和疗效。方法 对10例不适宜传统外科治疗的AVF患者进行介入治疗,包括肾动-静脉瘘4例、髂动-静脉瘘3例、锁骨下动-静脉瘘3例。致病原因为穿通性损伤5例、医源性损伤3例、恶性肿瘤和小肠Crohn病各1例。就诊时临床表现有肢体肿胀-静脉显露6例、局部血管杂音10例、心脏负荷增加10例、右心功能衰竭2例、血尿4例。3例用经导管超选择性栓塞,7例用被覆膜支架置人封闭瘘口。结果 10例患者均治疗成功,治疗结束时复查血管造影显示瘘口被封闭。轻微并发症3例,无严重并发症。术后患者局部肿胀、静脉充血、心脏负荷过度等症状迅速改善,血管杂音消失;肾脏AVF患者,术后肾功能测定属于正常,其中2例肾动脉被覆膜支架置入患者同位素肾扫描显示患侧肾脏形态-功能正常。术后随访6个月至6年。3例患者分别于术后6、9、14个月死于与AVF无关的疾病;2例于术后3周、2个月因AVF复发,在原支架区再次置入一个被覆膜支架后残留瘘口闭塞;2例于术后6、8个月复查造影显示支架区存在轻度狭窄。7例患者仍然生存,未再针对AVF进行外科或介人治疗。结论 介入微创技术,包括超选择性栓塞和被覆膜支架置入术,是治疗获得性、复杂型AVF安全有效的方法。     

创伤性假性动脉瘤的腔内介入治疗

目的探讨创伤性假性动脉瘤(TPA)血管腔内治疗方法及疗效。方法回顾性分析2009年6月至2016年7月解放军第148医院收治的28例TPA患者临床资料,其中TPA位于四肢动脉13例,颈内动脉2例,肾动脉5例,胆囊动脉2例,臀上动脉2例,髂总动脉1例,肠系膜上动脉1例,脾动脉1例,阴茎动脉1例。17例主干型假性动脉瘤采用覆膜支架腔内隔绝术或多层裸支架植入术,11例终末型假性动脉瘤采用弹簧圈栓塞术。结果 28例患者腔内介入治疗均取得成功,假性动脉瘤均消失。17例植入支架者术后远端动脉搏动正常,无重要分支动脉闭塞,11例弹簧圈栓塞者术后出血停止,未出现脏器缺血坏死。术后随访6~39个月,平均(18.9±10.7)个月,失访1例,所有随访患者假性动脉瘤未复发,支架植入患者血管通畅,未发现支架移位、断裂,弹簧圈异位等并发症。结论根据假性动脉瘤位置、类型和侧支循环等选择不同的介入方法治疗TPA,具有微创操作简单、手术成功率高、并发症少、疗效确切的优点,可作为TPA的一线治疗方法。     

血管腔内支架植入术的临床应用

目的 评价应用血管内支架治疗血管性疾病的临床价值。方法 对36例患有血管性疾病的患者施行了血管内支架植入术，包括胸主动脉夹层动脉瘤24例，腹主动脉真性动脉瘤3例，腹主动脉夹层动脉瘤1例，颈动脉动静脉瘘1例，左锁骨下动脉狭窄1例，左锁骨下动静脉瘘1例，髂动脉假性动脉瘤4例及股动脉狭窄1例。除1例左锁骨下动脉狭窄患者、1例股动脉狭窄患者使用了裸支架外，其余34例患者均采用带膜支架进行血管内治疗。结果 术中所有患者均未出现特殊不适，术后随访期间未见明显合并症发生。所有患者均完全消除了临床症状。结论 应用血管内支架治疗血管性疾病是一种实用且效果较好的治疗方法。     

球囊扩张式覆膜支架在血管疾病中的应用

回顾性分析2020年7至11月复旦大学附属中山医院系统Lifestream 球囊扩张式覆膜支架应用于治疗血管疾病的9例病例, 年龄39～80(64.3±12.7)岁, 均为男性。共应用10枚Lifestream球囊扩张式覆膜支架, 4枚应用于4例髂动脉硬化闭塞性病变, 1枚应用于腹主动脉夹层动脉瘤腔内修复过程中髂支补救性重建;5枚应用于4例胸、腹主动脉患者腔内修复中内脏及弓上分支动脉重建, 其中植入于肾动脉3枚、2枚分别作为烟囱支架用于左锁骨下动脉和左侧颈总动脉重建。4例髂动脉硬化闭塞性病变中, 完全覆盖病变, 无明显残余狭窄。1例腹主动脉夹层动脉瘤髂支压迫, 经植入Lifestream后完全纠正。4例主动脉病例中, 均完成分支动脉重建, 其中1例主动脉弓假性动脉瘤腔内修复术中应用者(烟囱)出现少量Ⅰ型内漏, 随访1个月后内漏消失。应用Lifestream总体技术成功率及手术成功率为100%, 围手术期无心肌梗死、脑梗死、死亡等重大并发症发生;中位随访时间10个月, 所有靶血管通畅, 无支架移位、断裂、支架内狭窄等支架相关并发症发生。本研究显示Lifestream球囊扩张式覆膜支架适用...     

头臂动脉瘤和动静脉瘘的腔内治疗

目的探讨头臂血管假性动脉瘤(BCPA)或颈动脉静脉瘘(CVEF)患者的腔内治疗效果。方法 2003年9月—2011年3月笔者诊治10例假性动脉瘤和动静脉瘘患者并行腔内治疗,其中假性动脉瘤7例,先天性动静脉畸形2例,外伤性动静脉瘘1例。假性动脉瘤的病因为外伤或医源性损伤;临床表现为颈部或锁骨下搏动性肿块,病程2 h至40年不等。10例均经股动脉穿刺造影明确病变性质、部位、大小,然后采用放射介入方法,用带膜支架封堵病变处破口,重朔血管。结果 8例假性动脉或外伤性动脉静脉瘘及1例先天性动静脉瘘达到满意疗效,1例先天性动静脉瘘畸形明显好转,动静脉瘘流量明显减少。结论头臂部动脉瘤或动静脉瘘采用带膜支架腔内隔绝治疗方法微创、简便、迅速、安全、有效,有实用价值。     

覆膜支架治疗降、腹主动脉假性动脉瘤13例分析

目的探讨覆膜支架治疗主动脉假性动脉瘤的疗效.方法回顾性分析应用覆膜支架治疗的13例降、腹主动脉假性动脉瘤患者的病例资料,并随访观察其疗效.结果8例覆膜支架植入后假性动脉瘤即刻被完全隔绝.5例覆膜支架植入后有内漏,其中1例吻合口漏致降主动脉假性动脉瘤患者补充植入一短段cuff覆膜支架后内漏消失;4例行球囊扩张,2例扩张后内漏消失,2例仍有少许内漏,但3个月后复查证实内漏完全消失.2例失访,其余11例随访4～30个月,平均18.6个月,1例死于上消化道大出血,其余病例覆膜支架均通畅,无移位,瘤腔无扩大.结论应用覆膜支架治疗降、腹主动脉假性动脉瘤是行之有效的治疗方法,且创伤小,恢复快,尤其适用于不能耐受传统手术治疗者,近期疗效满意,远期疗效尚待进一步观察.     

Renal artery pseudoaneurysm and arteriovenous fistula to the inferior vena cava: a late complication following laparoscopic cholecystectomy

Major vascular injuries during laparoscopic procedures are rare but potentially life-threatening if not promptly diagnosed and treated. We report a case in which the placement of a trocar during a laparoscopic cholecystectomy caused damage to the right renal artery and led to the development of a pseudoaneurysm. The pseudoaneurysm of the right renal artery then eroded into the inferior vena cava resulting in an arteriovenous fistula that eventually caused right renal failure, systolic and diastolic hypertension, and congestive heart failure. The recognition of this complication was delayed and the patient was referred for surgery 5 years after the laparoscopic procedure. He then successfully underwent right nephrectomy, resection of the pseudoaneurysm, and closure of the fistula.     

Case report: gastrointestinal hemorrhage caused by a pancreas transplant arteriovenous fistula with large psuedoanuerysm 9 years after transplantation

Reported cases of arteriovenous fistulae in transplant recipients are uncommon. We present a case of an arteriovenous fistula associated with a large pseudoaneurysm in the root of the small bowel mesentery of a pancreas transplant. Uniquely, in our case, the arteriovenous fistula presented with an episode of gastrointestinal (GI) hemorrhage 9 years postoperatively. Radiographic imaging including coronal computed tomography angiogram and conventional angiogram demonstrated an arteriovenous fistula in the patient's pancreas transplant between the distal superior mesenteric artery (SMA) and superior mesenteric vein (SMV) with 6 cm aneurysmal dilatation. The tremendous flow in the fistula in the root of the graft small intestine mesentery led to graft duodenal mucosal congestion and lower GI hemorrhage. After successful embolization of the SMA–SMV fistula and pseudoaneurysm using interventional radiographic techniques, the arteriovenous fistula remained thrombosed. The patient had no further episodes of GI bleeding and her endoscopic evaluation was otherwise negative. The presence of arteriovenous fistulae and pseudoaneurysms in pancreas transplant recipients is uncommon, but has been previously documented. This case is further distinguished from previous reports by the notable 9-year interval between transplantation and the onset of hemorrhage. Historically, symptomatic vascular malformations have been associated with significant patient morbidity and mortality. Successful patient management involves timely and accurate diagnosis and intervention.     

介入治疗支气管动脉瘤1例并文献复习

目的 报道介入治疗支气管动脉瘤1例,结合文献复习提高对此病的认识.方法 67岁男病人,术前胸部影像学检查确诊纵隔型支气管动脉瘤合并结核性胸膜炎,在DSA透视下行经导管支气管动脉栓塞术及胸主动脉带膜支架置入术联合介入手术.结果 术后造影显示动脉瘤被成功隔绝,支架贴壁良好,无内漏发生.结论 血管内介入治疗支气管动脉瘤方法简单,疗效确切.     

Transarterial coil embolization of a high-flow vertebrojugular fistula due to penetrating craniocervical trauma: case report

BACKGROUND: Vertebrojugular fistulas after penetrating cervical trauma (gunshot or stab wounds) are rarely reported. Successful endovascular coil embolization of an acute fistulizing vertebral artery pseudoaneurysm involving an obstructed internal jugular vein is presented and the various treatment strategies for such a lesion are described. CASE DESCRIPTION: A 23-year-old man presented from an outside institution after sustaining 2 gunshot wounds in a civilian conflict. Neuroimaging revealed a right vertebral artery pseudoaneurysm, which formed a fistulous connection with the internal jugular vein. Because venous outflow obstruction was present just below the fistula, a high-flow shunt was directed intracranially. Both the pseudoaneurysm and arteriovenous fistula were accessed percutaneously via a transfemoral route and coil embolization was performed. Perfusion of the basilar artery circulation was assumed by the contralateral vertebral artery. The ipsilateral posteroinferior cerebellar artery filled through retrograde flow down the vertebral confluence. CONCLUSIONS: Coil embolization is a safe and reliable strategy by which to obliterate an acute traumatic vertebrojugular fistula as well as pseudoaneurysm. Serial angiographic follow-up is mandatory to document a persistent cure.     

Peripheral vascular injuries associated with falls from heights

Peripheral vascular injuries associated with falls from heights are uncommon. We report our 15-year experience with ten such injuries in 230 patients who jumped or fell from heights of at least 3 stories. These injuries occurred in seven patients and included four popliteal artery thromboses or disruptions, two popliteal vein disruptions, one traumatic tibial arteriovenous fistula, one subclavian artery pseudoaneurysm, one radial artery transection, and one lacerated medial circumflex artery. Although the mechanism of injury is multifactorial, all were associated with significant orthopedic trauma. Early recognition of vascular injuries, minimization of ischemic time, completion arteriography, venous repair, and liberal use of fasciotomy are emphasized to maximize limb salvage.     

Popliteal pseudoaneurysm and arteriovenous fistula after arthroscopic anterior and posterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: A case report

IntroductionVascular injuries are a well recognised but very rare complication of surgery or trauma around the knee, especially associated with arthroscopic anterior and posterior cruciate ligament reconstruction.Presentation of caseThis report describes a case of a Popliteal pseudoaneurysm and arteriovenous fistula after Arthroscopic anterior and Posterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction. An 57-year-old male who complained of pain and swelling around the left lower extremity after the ACL and PCL reconstruction using a semitendinosus graft from the two limbs caused by bicycle accident. He was diagnosed with the popliteal pseudoaneurysm and arteriovenous fistula by the Doppler ultrasonographic examination and CTA, and transferred to the interventional radiology suite where a successful vascular stent implantation was made. There was no postoperative complication.DiscussionThe most important finding of the present case were a popliteal pseudoaneurysm and arteriovenous fistula after the ACL and PCL reconstruction. To our knowledge, very few cases reporting an arteriovenous fistula with popliteal pseudoaneurysm following arthroscopy have been described. Vascular injury is a very rare complication of knee surgery, but surgeons should always consider this possibility in patients who have undergone knee arthroscopy. If the patient has symptoms of pain in the popliteal area and unexplainable swelling following arthroscopic ACL and PCL reconstruction, a popliteal vascular injury should be suspected.ConclusionsIn order to minimize the risk of vascular complications in ACL and PCL reconstructive surgery, we advise to look for less traumatizing instruments and to limit the amount of riskful actions, precise attention should be paid in the establishment of the tibial tunnels.     

肢体创伤性动脉病变的介入诊断与治疗

目的 评价介入放射方法诊断治疗肢体创伤性动脉病变的效果。方法 8例肢体动脉创伤伴有远端肢体缺血改变，其中2例伴大出血，伤者接受了选择性患肢动脉造影检查；7例随后进行了动脉病变的血管腔内介入治疗。治疗方法包括动脉分支或主干栓塞、动脉内溶栓和血管内支架置放。结果 血管造影精确显示了动脉破裂、假性动脉瘤、血栓形成或动脉内膜损伤等病变性质。3例假性动脉瘤、3例动脉血栓病变综合应用介入治疗方法取代外科手术获得满意疗效。1例溶栓后证实动脉破裂和1例造影证实动静脉瘘后转手术治疗。结论 介入放射与外科方法相结合能明显提高肢体动脉创伤的诊断治疗水平，有效挽救伤者肢体和生命。     

Unexpected complication of arteriovenous fistula of the left common carotid to internal jugular vein following central venous catheterization

Incidence of inadvertent arterial puncture secondary to central venous catheter insertion is not common with an arterial puncture rate of<1%.This is due to the advancements and wide availability of ultrasound to guide its insertion.Formation of arteriovenous fistula after arterial puncture is an unexpected complication.Till date,only five cases(including this case)of acquired arteriovenous fistula formation has been described due to inadvertent common carotid puncture.The present case is a 26-year-old man sustained traumatic brain injuries,chest injuries and multiple bony fractures.During resuscitative phase,attempts at left central venous catheter via left internal jugular vein under ultrasound guidance resulted in inadvertent puncture into the left common carotid artery.Surgical neck exploration revealed that the catheter had punctured through the left internal jugular vein into the common carotid artery with formation of arteriovenous fistula.The catheter was removed successfully and common carotid artery was repaired.Postoperatively,the patient recovered and clinic visits revealed no neurological deficits.From our literature review,the safest method for removal is via endovascular and open surgical removal.The pull/push technique(direct removal with compression)is not recommended due to the high risk for stroke,bleeding and hematoma formation.     

Management of major acute thoracic vascular injuries

This report concerns thirty-nine cases of thoracic vascular injury. There were twenty-one cases of great vessel injuries in area I (thoracic inlet and upper thorax) including the ascending aorta (one), innominate artery (six), left common carotid artery (two), aortic arch (one), left subclavian artery (four), right subclavian artery (one), superior vena cava (two), innominate veins (one), and axillary arteries (three). Six were due to blunt trauma and fifteen were due to penetrating trauma including tracheal-innominate artery fistulas. There were seven injuries in area II (pulmonary arteries and veins). In area III there were eleven injuries of the descending thoracic aorta. Nine of these ruptured secondary to blunt trauma, one was a penetrating injury of the heart and aorta, and one was a penetrating aortic injury with a bullet embolus.A discussion is presented of the surgical approaches for the different vascular injuries of the thorax including different methods of repair of ruptures of the descending thoracic aorta.     

Traumatic middle meningeal artery pseudoaneurysm and subsequent fistula formation with the cavernous sinus: case report

BACKGROUND: A combination of pseudoaneurysm and arteriovenous fistula of the middle meningeal artery is rare. We describe a case of traumatic pseudoaneurysm of the middle meningeal artery, which subsequently formed a fistula with the cavernous sinus. CASE DESCRIPTION: A 23-year-old man suffered from blunt head trauma and skull fractures. Sixteen days later, he suddenly experienced headache and a bruit was auscultated over the left ear. Three-dimensional computed tomographic angiography revealed dilatation of the left middle meningeal artery. The dilation proved to be a pseudoaneurysm on cerebral angiograms and it was also found to have formed a fistula with the cavernous sinus. Both lesions were successfully obliterated by endovascular embolization using microcoils. CONCLUSION: Head injury may lead to asymptomatic pseudoaneurysm or dural arteriovenous fistula. Neurosurgeons should always bear in mind the possibility of such vascular injuries after blunt head trauma to prevent any hemorrhagic complications.