光叶番荔枝种子的化学成分

目的：研究光叶番荔枝种子的化学成分。方法：利用色谱技术分离纯化，根据化合物的理化性质和光谱数据鉴定结构．结果：从光叶番荔枝种子的提取物中分得4个化合物，分别为expoxyrolin B（1）、neodesacetyluvaricin（2）、annonareticin（3）、murisolin（4）。结论：4个化合物均为番荔枝内酯类化合物，都是首次从光叶番荔枝种子中分离得到。     

番荔枝种子中2个新番荔枝内酯

目的 研究番荔枝Annona squamosa种子的化学成分。方法 利用常压硅胶柱、中压制备液相与高压制备液相色谱等现代仪器方法进行分离纯化,结合化合物的理化性质和紫外、核磁、质谱数据鉴定化合物结构。结果 从番荔枝种子超临界CO₂提取物中分得10个邻双四氢呋喃型番荔枝内酯类化合物,分别鉴定为3-[（13R）-13-[（2R,2''R,5R,5''R）-5''-[（1S）-1,5-二羟基壬基]八氢[2,2''-双呋喃]-5-基]13-羟基十三烷基]-5-甲基-2（5H）-呋喃酮（1）、3-[（2R,9R）-2,9-二羟基-9-[（2R,2''R,5R,5''R）-八氢-5''-[（1S）-1-羟基十五烷基][2,2''-双呋喃]-5-基]壬基]-5-甲基-2（5H）-呋喃酮（2）、6-羟基-去乙酰紫玉盘辛素（3）、6-羟基-4-去氧-番荔枝太辛（4）、bullanin（5）、10-羟基-巴婆双呋内酯（6）、刺叶番荔枝素A（7）、多鳞番荔枝辛素I（8）、多鳞番荔枝辛素C（9）、番荔辛I（10）。结论 化合物1和2为新化合物,分别命名为28-羟基-番荔枝素L和4-羟基-番荔枝素Y,化合物3~7为首次从番荔枝中分离得到。     

番荔枝皮化学成分及其抗肿瘤活性的研究

目的:研究番荔枝Annona squamosa的化学成分,并对分离化合物进行活性筛选.方法:综合运用各种色谱方法分离纯化番荔枝中的化学成分;采用NMR等波谱方法鉴定其结构;运用SRB法测定化合物对肿瘤细胞体外增殖能力的抑制作用.结果:从番荔枝皮乙醇提取物中分离得到11个化合物,分别是annosquamosin C(1),15,16-epoxy-17-hydroxy-ent-kau-ran-19-oic acid(2),16,17-dihydroxy-ent-kauran-19-oic acid(3),annosquamosin A(4),ent-kaur-16-en-19-oic acid (5),19-nor-ent-kauran-4-ol-17-oic acid(6),16-hydroxy-ent-kau-ran-19-oic acid(7),ent-15β-hydroxy-kaur-16-en-19-oic acid (8),annosquamosin B (9),ent-16β,17-dihydroxykauran-19-al(10),16,17-dihydroxy-ent-kauran-19-oic acid methyl ester(11).抗肿瘤活性实验表明,化合物1,2,3,5,9对人肺癌95-D细胞的体外增殖能力均具有不同程度的抑制作用,化合物5的活性最强,IC50为7.78 μmol·L-1;化合物2,5,9对人卵巢癌A2780细胞有抑制作用,其中化合物2和9的抑制作用较强,IC50分别为0.89,3.10 μmol·L-1.结论:化合物2,8,11分别为首次从该科、该属和该种植物分离得到;化合物5对人肺癌95-D细胞的抑制作用较强;化合物2和9对人卵巢癌细胞A2780的抑制作用较强.     

番荔枝子中番荔枝内酯类化学成分研究

目的研究番荔枝Annona squamosa种子的化学成分。方法运用渗漉、萃取、柱色谱等方法进行分离和纯化,并结合化合物的理化性质及紫外、核磁、质谱数据进行结构鉴定。结果从番荔枝种子醋酸乙酯部位分得7个番荔枝内酯类化合物,分别鉴定为3-[7-[5-[1,4-二羟基-4-[5-(1-羟基十三烷基)-2-呋喃基]丁基]四氢-2-呋喃基]-2-羟基庚基]-5-甲基-2(5H)-呋喃酮(1)、3-[9-[5-(1-羟基-4-十七烯基)四氢-2-呋喃基]羟基壬基]-5-甲基-2(5H)-呋喃酮(2)、bullatalicin(3)、番荔枝塔宁A(4)、番荔枝塔宁D(5)、泡番荔枝辛(6)、10-羟基-巴婆双呋内酯(7)。结论化合物1和2为新化合物,分别命名为泡泡素I和索拉宁B。     

In vivo trypanocidal activity of Annona senegalensis Pers. leaf extract against Trypanosoma brucei brucei

Chemotherapy of African trypanosomiasis still remains far from being satisfactory. There is the urgent need for therapeutic agents that are effective, affordable and accessible to the rural poor in Africa who bear most of the disease burden. Root preparations of Annona senegalensis Pers. is claimed by traditional medicine practitioners to be effective in the treatment of sleeping sickness. Validation of this claim, evaluation of the therapeutic effects of other parts of the plant, and standardization of the preparations are necessary in order to fully exploit the chemotherapeutic potentials of this plant. We have evaluated the chemotherapeutic effects of extracts of the leaves, whole root, root and stem bark of the plant in experimental trypanosomiasis. Crude and partially purified aqueous extracts of the leaves, at a dose of 200mg/kg body weight per day completely cured experimental Trypanosoma brucei brucei infection in mice. Sub-inoculation of blood and cerebrospinal fluid drawn from the cured mice into healthy mice failed to produce any infection within 60 days of post-inoculation. Pre-treatment of healthy mice with the crude extract before infection did not prevent establishment of infection. Administration of 5000mg/kg body weight of the crude extract did not lead to fatality in mice. Preliminary phytochemical screening showed the presence of tannin, phlobatanin, and saponin.     

Anti-tumor activity and relative mechanism of ethanolic extract of Marsdenia tenacissima (Asclepiadaceae) against human hematologic neoplasm in vitro and in vivo

Ethnopharmacological relevance

Marsdenia tenacissima, a traditional Chinese medicinal herb, endemic to Yunnan Province is widely used to treat cough, asthma, expectorant, esophageal cancer, gastric cancer, lung cancer, and hepatocellular carcinoma. The aim of this study was to evaluate in vitro and in vivo anti-hematologic neoplasm potential of the ethanolic extract of this herb (crude ethanolic extract of Marsdenia tenacissima, CME) and by using different assays to elucidate its possible mechanism of action.

Materials and methods

The cytotoxicity of CME on tumor cells and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) was evaluated using MTT and apoptosis assays. We also tested the effect of CME on colony formation inhibition and cell cycle distribution of tumor cells. The protein expressions of Cyclin D1, Bax, Bcl-2, caspase-3 and caspase-9 were detected through Western blotting. In vivo anti-tumor effect was evaluated by measuring tumor volume changes, measuring tumor weight, evaluation of tumor microvessel density (MVD) and TUNEL staining by using immunohistochemistry staining in tumor models of nude mice.

Results

Marsdenia tenacissima ethanolic extract exhibited effects of proliferation inhibition and induction of apoptosis on human hematologic neoplasm tumor cells in vitro, as well as hematologic neoplasm growth in vivo.

Conclusion

This study clearly indicated that the ethanolic extract of Marsdenia tenacissima displayed strong anti-tumor effects against hematologic neoplasm cells and could induce tumor cells apoptosis in vitro and in vivo, and also had a significant anti-angiogenic effect in vivo against tumor cell apoptosis. Its multi-mechanism of action might be associated with the cell cycle (G0/G1) arrest, induction of apoptosis through up-regulation protein expressions of Bax, caspase-9 and caspase-3 genes and down-regulation of the expressions of Cyclin D1 and Bcl-2 genes, a decrease in tumor microvessel density and an increase of TUNEL-positive cells in vivo. These findings provided the molecular theoretical basis of clinical application.     

番荔枝子中4个新的邻双四氢呋喃型番荔枝内酯

目的 研究番荔枝Annona squamosa种子的化学成分。方法 通过多种现代色谱技术对番荔枝子超临界CO₂提取物的化学成分进行分离纯化,并根据理化性质和谱学数据确定其结构。结果 从番荔枝子中分离得到7个化合物,分别鉴定为3-[12-[5-[5-(1-羟基十二烷基)-2-四氢呋喃基]-2-四氢呋喃基]-9,12-二羟基十二烷基]-5-甲基-2(5H)-呋喃酮（1）、3-[11-[5-[5-(1-羟基癸烷基)-2-四氢呋喃基]-2-四氢呋喃基]-8,11-二羟基十一烷基]-5-甲基-2(5H)-呋喃酮（2）、3-[9-[5-[5-(1,3-二羟基十四烷基)-2-四氢呋喃基]-2-四氢呋喃基]-9-羟基壬烷基]-5-甲基-2(5H)-呋喃酮（3）、3-[8-[5-[5-(1-羟基十四烷基)-2-四氢呋喃基]-2-四氢呋喃基]-2,8-二羟基辛烷基]-5-甲基-2(5H)-呋喃酮（4）、阿诺西林甲（5）、annosquacin A（6）和乙酰紫玉盘素（7）。结论 化合物1～4为4个未见报道的新邻双四氢呋喃型番荔枝内酯类化合物,分别命名为顺式-11-羟基鳞状辛素丙（1）、10-羟基鳞状辛素（2）、鳞状亭素戊（3）和鳞状亭素己（4）。     

瑞香狼毒醇提物体外抗肿瘤作用研究

目的:体外观察瑞香狼毒醇提物AESC,AESC-1,AESC-2的抗肿瘤作用。方法:采用MTT和SRB法观察AESC,AESC-1,AESC-2对5种肿瘤细胞(A549,NCI-H157,NCI-H460 3种肺癌细胞株,BEL-7402,SK-HEP-1 2种肝癌细胞株)的抑制率,计算IC50,GI50,TGI和LC50。结果:AESC,AESC-1,AESC-2对各细胞株均具有抑制作用,并具有一定的时间依赖性。作用72 h,100,200 mg.L-1各受试药对各细胞株(除A549外)的抑制率在64.82%~92.27%。AESC和AESC-2对NCI-H460和BEL-7402细胞株的IC5020 mg.L-1,AESC-1对SK-HEP-1细胞株IC5020 mg.L-1。AESC,AESC-1,AESC-2对敏感细胞株的平均GI5040 mg.L-1,平均TGI90 mg.L-1,平均LC50150 mg.L-1。AESC和AESC-2对敏感细胞株的平均GI50,TGI和LC50值相似。结论:AESC,AESC-1,AESC-2均具有明显抗肿瘤作用,且对不同细胞株敏感性不同;AESC-2与AESC抗肿瘤作用方式相似,AESC的抗肿瘤活性部位可能主要存在于AESC-2。     

Antinociceptive activity of aqueous extract and isolated compounds of Lithrea molleoides

Ethnopharmacological relevance

Lithrea molleoides (Vell.) Engl. (Anacardiaceae) is a medicinal plant commonly used in traditional medicine in South America.

Aim of the study

In the present study, the in vivo antinociceptive effect of L. molleoides' aqueous extract and its isolated compounds has been investigated.

Materials and Methods

Antinociceptive activity was evaluated through writhing, formalin and hot plate tests in mice. The phytochemical analysis was performed.

Results

The extract produced significant inhibition on nociception induced by acetic acid (ED50: 8.7 mg/kg, i.p.) and formalin (ED50: 7.7 mg/kg, i.p.) administered intraperitoneally and also orally. Yohimbine diminished the activity of the extract in the acetic acid test meanwhile haloperidol enhanced its effect. Two majority compounds, shikimic and vanillic acid were active in chemical nociceptive models used in this work, producing the highest inhibition of the writhing response at a dose of 30 mg/kg i.p. (55.4% and 57.1%, respectively) meanwhile at 100 mg/kg p.o. produced a slight response (23.3% and 23.9%, respectively).

Conclusions

These results suggest that L. molleoides' aqueous extract produced antinociception possibly related to the presence of shikimic and vanillic acid. The adrenergic and dopaminergic systems seem to be involved in the mechanism of antinociception of the extract.     

Anti-tumor and pro-apoptotic activity of ethanolic extract and its various fractions from Polytrichum commune L.ex Hedw in L1210 cells

Ethnopharmacological relevance

Polytrichum commune L.ex Hedw is a traditional Chinese herb for treatment of fever, hemostatic, uterine prolapse and especially for lymphocytic leukemia, but the antitumor effect and its potential mechanism remains unclear.

Aims of the study

The present study was to investigate the possible anti-proliferative activity of ethanolic extract and the organic fractions from P. commune on murine leukemia L1210 cells.

Materials and methods

The content of ethanolic extract and its fractions was performed on HPLC analysis with gradient elution. L1210 cells were treated with different concentrations of ethanolic extract and its fractions at different time intervals. Cell viability was evaluated using MTT assay. Apoptotic cell death was monitored by nuclear condensation and confirmed by exposure of phosphatidylserine to outer leaflet of plasma membrane. Loss of mitochondrial membrane potential was analyzed by flow cytometry using rhodamine 123 staining.

Results

The obtained results showed that the cell viability of L1210 cells was reduced by ethanolic extract of P. commune in a concentration-dependent manner, and the IC₅₀ value was about 77.22 μg/ml at 24 h post treatment. The ethylacetate fraction displayed higher anti-tumor effect than that of chloroform and butanol fractions with 32.29 μg/ml (IC₅₀ value, 48 h). Microscopy studies revealed that ethanolic extract and ethylacetate fraction treated cells showed morphological characteristics of apoptosis such as chromatin condensation and DNA aggregation. Further, Annexin V-PE/ 7-AAD double staining showing the out leaflet of phosphatidylserine and the decline of mitochondrial membrane potential by flow cytometry confirmed that the extracts do, in fact, induce apoptosis in L1210 cells.

Conclusion

This is the first report on anti-tumor and pro-apoptotic effect of P. commune in cultured leukemia cells, which provides scientific basis for its usefulness as traditional medicine. Further studies are needed to confirm the precise mechanism not only the crude extract but as well the monomeric chemical substances of Polytrichum commune L.ex Hedw.     

超临界CO2萃取番荔枝种子中布拉他辛的工艺研究

目的:筛选超临界CO2流体萃取番荔枝种子中布拉他辛的最佳工艺条件。方法:用HPLC法测定布拉他辛的含量,并采用正交试验优化超临界CO2流体萃取布拉他辛的工艺条件。结果:超临界CO2流体萃取布拉他辛的最佳工艺条件为:萃取压力为30MPa,萃取温度为35℃,萃取时间为2h,夹带剂(无水乙醇)用量为0.3mL/g。结论:超临界CO2流体萃取法可有效提取番荔枝种子中的布拉他辛,该方法切实可行。     

4种药用真菌发酵对番荔枝种子总内酯成分的影响

目的:观察4种药用真菌发酵番荔枝种子后,番荔枝总内酯含量的变化.方法:将番荔枝种子作为“药性基质”,在一定的条件控制下,使其被灵芝菌等4种药用真菌发酵,产生不同的“药性菌质”,采用反相高效液相色谱法对各组的总内酯成分变化进行比较,用紫外-可见分光光度法对种子发酵前后的总内酯含量进行检测.结果:在一定的时间范围内,D,V,F菌在番荔枝种子基质上的适应性良好,菌丝体生长旺盛.4种菌发酵之后的菌质中总内酯含量与生药材、发酵空白组比较均有明显的升高,同时伴随峰的消失和相对峰值的变化,各菌发酵品中12,15-cis-squamostatin-A及布拉他辛(bullatacin)的含量较发酵空白组显示不同程度地变化.结论:发酵后,4种“药性菌质”中总内酯含量明显升高,内酯的相对含量发生变化,间双四氢呋喃(THF)及邻双THF内酯含量有不同程度地改变,提示真菌发酵可能利于某种类型番荔枝内酯的富集.     

Antimalaria activity of ethanolic extract of Tetrapleura tetraptera fruit

The in vivo antiplasmodial activity of the ethanol fruit extract of Tetrapleura tetraptera used as spice and in the treatment of various ailment in Niger Delta region of Nigeria was evaluated in Plasmodium berghei infected mice. Tetrapleura tetraptera (300-900 mg/kg day) exhibited significant (P < 0.05) blood schizonticidal activity both in 4-day early infection test and in established infection with a considerable mean survival time comparable to that of the standard drug, chloroquine, 5 mg/kg day. The fruit extract possesses significant (P < 0.05) antiplasmodial activity with may have contributed to the immune status of the Nigerians against malaria in addition to its nutritive value.     

Anti-tumor and anti-angiogenic effects of Macrothelypteris viridifrons and its constituents by HPLC-DAD/MS analysis

Ethnopharmacological relevance

Macrothelypteris viridifrons is widely distributed in south of China and has been used as folk medicine to treat cancer, hydropsy, and traumatic bleeding.

Aim of the study

To investigate the chemical constituents and the anti-tumor and anti-angiogenic effects of Macrothelypteris viridifrons.

Materials and methods

An HPLC-DAD/MS technique was used to determine the flavonoid profile of Macrothelypteris viridifrons. The anti-tumor effect of Macrothelypteris viridifrons was evaluated by in vivo mice bearing H22 hepatoma cells transplantation tumor model. And the anti-angiogenic activity was investigated by measuring the effects on the in vitro proliferation, migration, and tube formation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Furthermore, the in vivo zebrafish model was applied to evaluate the anti-angiogenic effect of Macrothelypteris viridifrons.

Results

18 flavonoids were identified from Macrothelypteris viridifrons. Administration of Macrothelypteris viridifrons significantly inhibited the tumor growth and the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and CD34. Meanwhile, Macrothelypteris viridifrons showed significant inhibition on proliferation, migration and tube formation of HUVECs in vitro and the intersegmental vessels formation in zebrafish model.

Conclusions

Macrothelypteris viridifrons showed significant anti-tumor and anti-angiogenic effects and might be developed as a novel anti-tumor drug.     

Antinociceptive activity of ethanolic extract and isolated compounds of Urtica circularis

Ethnopharmacological relevance

Urtica circularis (Hicken) Sorarú is a medicinal plant commonly used in traditional medicine to relieve pain in inflammatory processes.

Aim of the study

In the present study, the in vivo antinociceptive effect of Urtica circularis ethanolic extract and its isolated compounds has been investigated.

Materials and methods

Antinociceptive activity was evaluated through writhing, formalin and hot plate tests in mice. The phytochemical analysis was performed.

Results

The extract produced significant inhibition on nociception induced by acetic acid (ED50: 72.2 mg/kg, i.p.) and formalin (ED50: 15.8 mg/kg, i.p.) administered intraperitoneally and also orally. Atropine diminished the activity of the extract in the acetic acid test. In this model, at dose of 10 mg/kg i.p., vitexin was the most active of the isolated compounds (inhibition of 91%), and chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid and vicenin-2 (6,8-di-C-glucosyl apigenin) produced an inhibition of 72%, 41% and 41%, respectively, whereas apigenin did not show any activity.

Conclusions

These results suggest that Urtica circularis extract produced antinociception possibly related to the presence of vitexin, chlorogenic, caffeic acid and vicenin-2. The activation of cholinergic systems seems to be involved in the mechanism of antinociception of the extract.     

Immunosuppressive activity of ethanolic extract of seeds of Moringa oleifera Lam. in experimental immune inflammation

Ethnopharmacological relevance

Traditionally, the plant Moringa oleifera Lam. (Moringaceae) is used for the treatment of ascites and rheumatism, while the dried seeds of the plant are used as an ‘anti-allergic’ agent.

Aim of the study

The aim of the study was to assess the efficacy of ethanolic extract of seeds from Moringa oleifera Lam. in experimental immune inflammation.

Materials and methods

Circulatory and splenic leukocyte counts, delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions and humoral antibody responses were measured in mice using SRBC as the antigen. In addition, macrophage phagocytosis was measured by the carbon clearance test.

Results

The extract dose-dependently (50, 100 and 200 mg/kg) inhibited spleen weight as well as circulatory leukocyte and splenocyte counts. The delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction was significantly inhibited (P < 0.01) by decreasing the mean foot pad thickness at 48 h. The production of the humoral antibody titer was significantly ameliorated at a dose of 100 and 200 mg/kg (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01, respectively). Furthermore, the extract caused a down-regulation of macrophage phagocytosis due to carbon particles.

Conclusion

Taken together, the above findings suggest that the seeds of Moringa oleifera have immunosuppressive activity.     

Antidiabetic and antioxidant effects of Annona muricata (Annonaceae), aqueous extract on streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats

Ethnopharmacological relevance

The leaves of Annona muricata are used in Cameroon to manage diabetes and its complications. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antidiabetic, antioxidant activities and the potential toxicity of aqueous extract of Annona muricata in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.

Material and methods

Oral administration of Annona muricata aqueous extract (100 mg/kg or 200 mg/kg) was studied in normal and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. In long term treatment, 2 weeks after streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats, animals received plant extract during 28 consecutive days. For a protective effect, extract was administered 3 days prior to streptozotocin exposure and animals were observed 2 weeks without treatment.

Results

The plant extract was not effective in normal rats. In diabetic rats, single administration of the extract significantly reduced blood glucose levels by 75% and 58.22% respectively at the dose of 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg as compared to the initial value. Treatment of normal rats 3 days prior to diabetes induction showed that, Annona muricata extract has no effect within 72 h following STZ injection. However, after 14 days post-treatment, the extract at the dose of 100 mg/kg significantly reduced blood glucose levels as compared with initial value and diabetic control rats. Immunohistochemical staining of pancreatic β-cells of diabetic rats treated with the dose of 100 mg/kg expressed strong staining for β-cell compared to diabetic control. In a long-term study daily administration of Annona muricata aqueous extract for 28 days to diabetic rats, reduced blood glucose levels, serum creatinine, MDA, AST, ALT activity, and nitrite levels LDL-cholesterol. Total cholesterol, triglycerides, SOD, and CAT activity contents were restored.

Conclusion

These different results show that the antidiabetic activity of Annona muricata aqueous extract can be explained by its hypolipidaemic effect, its antioxidant and protective action on pancreatic β-cells, which in turn improve glucose metabolism.     

Aphrodisiac properties of Allium tuberosum seeds extract

Aim of the study

In the present study, we examined the effect of Allium tuberosum seeds extract upon the expression of male rat sexual behavior, in order to know whether Allium tuberosum seeds extract possess aphrodisiac property.

Materials and methods

The aphrodisiac activity of Allium tuberosum seeds n-BuOH extract was investigated in male rats. The extract (500 mg/kg body weight/day) and L-dopa (100 mg/kg body weight/day) were administered orally by gavages for 40 days. Mount latency (ML), intromission latency (IL), ejaculation latency (EL),mounting frequency (MF), intromission frequency (IF), ejaculation frequency (EF) and post-ejaculatory interval (PEI) were the parameters observed before and during the sexual behavior study at day 0, 10, 20, 30 and 40.

Results

The n-BuOH extract reduced significantly ML, IL, EL and PEI (p < 0.05). The extract also increased significantly MF, IF and EF (p < 0.05). These effects were observed in sexually active and inactive male rats.

Conclusions

Present findings provide experimental evidence that the n-BuOH extract preparation of Allium tuberosum seeds possesses aphrodisiac property.     

Anticestodal activity of Adhatoda vasica extract against Hymenolepis diminuta infections in rats

AIM OF THIS STUDY: Adhatoda vasica Nees has been commonly used in the indigenous system of medicine of Naga tribes in India for curing intestinal worm infections. In this study the anticestodal efficacy of Adhatoda vasica leaf extract was evaluated using Hymenolepis diminuta-rat experimental model. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The anticestodal efficacy of leaf extract was determined by monitoring the eggs per gram (EPG) of faeces counts and percentage worm recovery rates following treatment with methanol leaf extract of this plant to different groups of rats harbouring immature and mature Hymenolepis diminuta infections. RESULTS: The result indicated 800mg/kg double dose of extract has profound efficacy against mature worms, where the EPG count was reduced by 79.57% and percentage worm recovery rate by 16.60%. These effects were better than treatment with 5mg/kg single dose of praziquantel, the standard drug. In case of efficacy against immature worms, the extract showed a significant reduction in worm recovery rate (from 100% in control to 20.00% at 800mg/kg dose of extract). CONCLUSION: The study shows that the leaf extract of Adhatoda vasica possesses significant anticestodal efficacy and supports its use in the folk medicine.     

Antimicrobial activity of the methanolic extract and compounds from Morus mesozygia stem bark

Aim of the study

This study was aimed at investigating the antimicrobial activity of the methanolic extract (MMB) and compounds isolated from the stem bark of Morus mesozygia, namely 3β-acetoxyurs-12-en-11-one (1), moracin Q (2), moracin T (3), artocarpesin (4), cycloartocarpesin (5), moracin R (6), moracin U (8), moracin C (9), and moracin M (10).

Materials and Methods

The liquid microdilution assay was used in the determination of the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the minimal microbicidal concentration (MMC), against nine bacterial and two fungal species.

Results

The results of the MIC determination showed that the compounds 3, 4, 8 and 9 were able to prevent the growth of all tested microbial species. All other samples showed selective activities. Their inhibitory effects were noted on 90.9% studied organisms for the crude extract, 81.8% for compound 6, 72.7% for compound 10, 63.6% for compound 1, 54.5% for compound 5, and 45.5% for compound 2. The lowest MIC value of 39 μg/ml was obtained with the crude extract against Escherichia coli. The corresponding value for compounds (5 μg/ml) was registered with compound 9 on Shigella dysenteriae and compound 3 on E. coli, S. dysenteriae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhi and Bacillus cereus. The lowest MIC value (39 μg/ml) observed with the crude extract (on E. coli) was only eightfold greater than that of gentamycin used as reference antibiotic (RA) while the corresponding value (5 μg/ml) recorded with compounds 3 and 9 was equal to that of RA on the corresponding microorganisms.

Conclusions

The obtained results highlighted the interesting antimicrobial potency of M. mesozygia as well as that of the studied compounds, and provided scientific basis for the traditional use of this species.