Resident training experience with robotic assisted transabdominal preperitoneal inguinal hernia repair

BackgroundGeneral surgery is the fastest growing field in the adoption of robotic assisted laparoscopic surgery. Here, we present the results of one institution’s experience in training surgical residents in robotic assisted transabdominal preperitoneal inguinal hernia repairs.MethodsData were prospectively collected on patients undergoing robotic assisted laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair with residents. Data points included patient age, gender, complications, hernia difficulty, resident technical competency as measured by GEARS, Zwisch scores, operative time, and the number of robotic console cases reported by residents as primary surgeon.ResultsResidents who performed >30 robotic cases had significantly higher mean modified GEARS scores (p ≤ .002). Residents who completed 10 or fewer robotic cases achieved significantly lower mean modified GEARS and Zwisch scores than those who completed 11 or more (p < .001).ConclusionsResident competency and autonomy improve with increasing total robotic case load. Attending surgeons grant more autonomy to residents with higher competency scores.     

Single-incision laparoscopic transabdominal preperitoneal herniorrhaphy for recurrent inguinal hernias: preliminary surgical results

Background  

Since the early 1990s, laparoscopy has provided surgeons with new and innovative ways to treat various surgical problems. Many of these minimally invasive techniques have gained universal acceptance by demonstrating improved patient outcomes. Single-incision laparoscopic surgery (SILS) was developed with the aim of reducing the invasiveness of traditional laparoscopy. Laparoscopic transabdominal preperitoneal (TAPP) herniorrhaphy via the three-trocar technique is widely used for recurrent inguinal hernia. To the author’s knowledge, this report describes first series of SILS TAPP for recurrent inguinal hernia repair.     

经腹腔腹膜前疝修补术治疗腹股沟嵌顿疝的治疗体会

目的：探讨经腹腔腹膜前疝修补术（TAPP）治疗腹股沟嵌顿疝的可行性及有效性。方法回顾性分析2007年9月至2012年8月,南方医科大学附属何贤纪念医院收治的腹股沟嵌顿疝患者100例。观察组50例患者行腹股沟嵌顿疝腹腔镜下复位＋经腹腔腹膜前腹腔镜疝修补术,对照组50例患者行腹股沟嵌顿疝切开复位＋Bassini法腹股沟疝修补术。比较二组患者手术时间、住院时间、下床时间、住院费用和复发率。结果观察组50例患者手术均成功完成,无中转开腹,平均手术时间为（35±11）min,对照组平均手术时间为（44±10）min,二组比较差异无统计学意义（t＝1．62, P＝0．130）;观察组平均住院时间为（5．2±0．9）d,对照组平均为（6．8±1．1）d,二组比较差异有统计学意义（t＝2．30,P＝0．039）;观察组平均下床时间为（12±1）h,对照组平均为（18±1）h,二组比较差异有统计学意义（t＝3．07,P＝0．004）;观察组住院费用多于开放组,二组比较差异有统计学意义（t＝2．11,P＝0．045）;随访12∽36个月,观察组无复发,对照组有8例复发,二组比较差异有统计学意义（χ2＝6．66,P＝0．000）。结论 TAPP是治疗腹股沟嵌顿疝一种安全可靠的手术治疗方法,具有创伤小、疼痛轻、恢复快、操作简单、住院时间短、复发率低等优势,但费用相对较高,临床可根据患者情况适时应用。     

腹腔镜免钉合经腹部分腹膜外网片植入术与经腹腹膜前修补术的疗效比较

目的:对比分析腹腔镜免钉合经腹部分腹膜外网片植入术(transabdominal partial extraperitoneal,TAPE)与腹腔镜经腹腹膜前修补术(transabdominal preperitoneal,TAPP)的并发症及临床疗效。方法:回顾分析2007年7月至2010年6月为38例患者行免钉合TAPE(TAPE组)及为65例患者行TAPP(TAPP组)的临床资料,对比两组手术时间、住院时间、住院费用、疼痛视觉模拟评分(visual analogue scales,VAS)及3年复发率。结果:两组患者手术时间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);住院时间、住院费用、术后1周VAS评分差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);术后半年TAPE组及TAPP组VAS评分分别为(0.37±0.13)分及(1.62±0.44)分,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);3年复发率分别为2.63%、3.08%,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:免钉合TAPE及TAPP治疗腹股沟疝均是安全、有效的,免钉合TAPE在缩短手术时间及减少慢性疼痛方面具有一定优势。     

腹腔镜胆囊切除术联合腹腔镜下经腹腔腹膜前补片疝修补术13例

目的探讨腹腔镜联合手术的优越性。方法回顾分析2003年10月至2007年12月开展腹腔镜胆囊切除术联合经腹腔腹膜前补片疝修补术（LC＋TAPP）13例的临床资料。结果本组13例手术均获成功,无中转开腹,平均手术时间为（52±11）min;术后留院平均为3．9±1．0d;住院费9307±621元。随访6～48个月,无1例复发。结论腹腔镜联合手术一次性处理两种或两种以上腹部病变是安全有效的,具有创伤小、痛苦轻、恢复快等优点,值得推广应用。     

腹腔镜经腹腹膜前疝修补术的临床体会

目的:探讨腹腔镜下经腹腹膜前修补术(TAPP)治疗腹股沟疝的有效性及优越性.方法:对2003年10月至2007年12月所施行的40例TAPP术的临床资料进行回顾性分析,包括手术时间、术后住院时间、住院费用、并发症发生率及疝复发率等.结果:40例TAPP术均成功完成,无中转开腹,平均手术时间为(49.1±10.9)min,术后留院平均为(2.9±1.0)d,住院费用平均为(7 306.6±621.0)元,随访6～48个月,无一例复发.结论:TAPP是一种安全可靠的腹股沟疝手术治疗方法,具有创伤小、疼痛轻、恢复快、操作简单、住院时间短、复发率低等优势;特别值得推广应用于复发疝、双侧疝等情况.     

腹腔镜探查并一期经腹腹膜前疝修补术治疗腹股沟嵌顿疝

目的:探讨腹腔镜探查一期经腹腹膜前疝修补术(transabdominal preperitoneal,TAPP)治疗腹股沟急性嵌顿疝的可行性及安全性。方法:2014年6月至2015年12月收治13例腹股沟急性嵌顿疝患者,均为手法复位失败者。采用气管插管,腹腔镜探查同期行TAPP。监测患者的手术时间、术中出血量、中转开腹情况、补片及腹腔感染、住院时间,并与对照组160例常规腹股沟疝修补术患者进行对比研究。结果:12例腹股沟急性嵌顿疝患者均在腹腔镜下成功完成一期TAPP。1例因肠坏死,疝修补后中转开腹行坏死小肠切除术;3例肠管肿胀缺血,观察15 min,肠管血运改善,肠蠕动恢复。术后无一例发生补片感染及严重并发症,患者均康复出院,随访至今,未见复发。结论:TAPP治疗腹股沟急性嵌顿疝安全、可行,疗效可靠。     

Advantages of laparoscopic transabdominal preperitoneal herniorrhaphy in the evaluation and management of inguinal hernias

BACKGROUND: Laparoscopic transabdominal preperitoneal (TAPP) herniorrhaphy provides an opportunity to definitively evaluate both inguinal areas without the need for additional dissection. We aimed to establish the rates and contributing patient factors to errors in the preoperative assessment. METHODS: A retrospective review of consecutive patients undergoing laparoscopic TAPP herniorrhaphy at 2 tertiary-care centers. Preoperative history and physical examination were used to classify the presence of hernia as "definite," "questionable," or "negative." Any discrepancies between preoperative and intraoperative findings were viewed as errors in preoperative assessment. RESULTS: Two hundred sixty-two patients underwent 328 laparoscopic TAPP hernia repairs. Of the 283 hernias diagnosed as "definite" preoperatively, 276 were confirmed at operation (97.8%). An additional 19 of 173 (11.0%) clinically unrecognized hernias were repaired at the time of surgery. Overall, our approach avoided unnecessary groin explorations and/or repairs in up to 16.4% patients and may have prevented inappropriate delays of herniorrhaphy in up to 19.8% of patients. The sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictive value of the clinical assessment of inguinal hernia were 94.5%, 80%, and 88.9%, respectively. Symptom and/or examination findings of inguinal mass were the only significant independent predictor of accuracy (P < .001). CONCLUSION: A high rate of discordance exists between the preoperative clinical assessment and true presence of inguinal hernias. Given the unique ability of laparoscopy to accurately evaluate the contralateral side and the limited added morbidity of bilateral repair, TAPP herniorrhaphy is beneficial in avoiding unnecessary explorations and allowing timely repairs in patients with occult inguinal hernias.     

腹腔镜经腹腔腹膜前腹股沟疝修补术与Lichtenstein疝修补术对比研究

目的比较腹腔镜经腹腔腹膜前腹股沟疝修补术(TAPP)与Lichtenstein修补术治疗腹股沟疝的临床应用价值。方法分别对46例接受TAPP手术与140例接受Lichtenstein修补术的腹股沟疝患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果两组在手术时间、术后下床活动时间、生活自理时间、住院天数、恢复日常工作天数方面,均无显著性差异(P0.05),两组术后均无复发。结论腹腔镜经腹腔腹膜前腹股沟疝修补术与Lichtenstein修补术均为腹股沟疝的良好修补法,但复发疝、双侧疝及腹腔联合手术的患者更适合选择腹腔镜手术。     

腹腔镜经腹腹膜前疝修补术与开放式无张力疝修补术治疗成人腹股沟疝的临床对比研究

目的:探讨腹腔镜经腹腹膜前疝修补术与开放式无张力疝修补术的临床疗效。方法:回顾分析2012年8月至2015年2月诊治的128例成人腹股沟疝患者的临床资料,其中76例行腹腔镜经腹腹膜前疝修补术(腹腔镜组),52例行开放式无张力疝修补术(开放组)。结果:腹腔镜组手术时间长于开放组,住院费用高于开放组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);住院时间、恢复肠道功能时间腹腔镜组优于开放组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。术后并发症发生率腹腔镜组为6.6%(5/76),开放组为19.2%(10/52),两组相比差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。两组患者术后均无复发。结论:腹腔镜经腹腹膜前疝修补术虽然手术时间长,住院费用高,但术后康复快,并发症少,临床疗效显著。     

腹腔镜经腹腹膜前疝修补术使用免钉合3D补片治疗老年腹股沟疝的体会

目的:探讨腹腔镜经腹腹膜前疝修补术(transabdominal preperitoneal,TAPP)中应用免钉合3D补片治疗老年腹股沟疝患者的效果。方法:回顾分析2011年12月至2014年6月为87例老年腹股沟疝患者应用免钉合3D补片行TAPP的临床资料。单侧腹股沟疝77例(斜疝66例,直疝8例,复发疝3例),双侧腹股沟疝10例(斜疝8例,直疝2例)。术后随访6~26个月。结果:87例均成功施行TAPP,手术时间单侧平均(71.0±6.1)min,双侧平均(138.0±9.4)min。术后平均住院(3.2±1.1)d。术后6 h、48 h疼痛评分分别为(4.1±1.2)分与(1.9±0.6)分,术后1周恢复非限制活动率93.1%(81/87),术后并发血清肿3例(3.4%),术后复发1例(1.03%)。结论:使用免钉合3D补片行TAPP安全、可靠,术后疼痛轻、康复快、复发率低,是老年腹股沟疝患者理想的手术方式之一。     

经腹腔腹膜前补片腹腔镜腹股沟疝修补术170例报告

目的:探讨经腹腔腹膜前补片腹腔镜腹股沟疝修补术(TAPP)治疗腹股沟疝的方法与经验。方法:1995年6月~2005年7月应用TAPP治疗170例腹股沟疝,采用网状补片常规固定、腹膜常规连续缝合关闭等方法。结果:170例手术均获成功,无中转开放手术,平均手术时间52.5(40~120)m in,术后平均住院4.5d。术后随访1~11年,1例直疝复发。结论:TAPP是一种安全可靠的疝修补术,具有复发率低等优点,特别适于复发疝、双侧疝等,值得推广应用。     

Comparison of robotic versus laparoscopic transabdominal preperitoneal (TAPP) inguinal hernia repair

Despite growing popularity and potential advantages of robotics in general surgery, there is very little published data regarding robotic inguinal hernia repair. This study examines a single surgeon’s early experience with robotic TAPP inguinal hernia repair compared with laparoscopic TAPP repair in terms of feasibility and cost. We performed a retrospective review of 63 consecutive patients (24 laparoscopic and 39 robotic) who underwent inguinal hernia repair between December 2012–December 2014 at a single institution by a single surgeon. Data examined included gender, age, BMI, operative times, recovery room times, pain scale ratings, and cost. Patient groups were the same in terms of age and BMI. The mean operative time (77.5 vs 60.7 min, p = 0.001) and room time (109.3 vs 93.0 min, p = 0.001) were significantly longer for the robotic vs the laparoscopic patients. Recovery room time (109.1 vs 133.5 min, p = 0.026) and average pain scores in recovery (2.5 vs 3.8, p = 0.02) were significantly less for the robotic group. The average direct cost of the laparoscopic group was $3216 compared with $3479 for the robotic group. The average contribution margin for the laparoscopic group was $2396 compared with $2489 for the robotic group. Robotic TAPP inguinal hernia repair had longer operative times, but patients spent less time in recovery and noted less pain than patients who underwent laparoscopic TAPP inguinal hernia repair. The direct cost and contribution margin are nearly equivalent. These results should allow the continued investigation of this technique without concern over excess cost.     

腹膜前疝修补术与平片疝修补术治疗成人腹股沟疝的对比性研究

目的与传统的Lichtenstein平片疝修补术治疗腹股沟疝对比,探讨腹膜前疝修补术治疗腹股沟疝的优点。方法腹膜前疝修补组（以下简称腹膜前组）43例,平片疝修补组（以上简称平片组）59例,对两组患者手术时间、术后早期反应、住院时间、术后并发症及复发率进行比较。结果腹膜前组手术时间、伤口疼痛及伤口异物感例数显著低于平片组（P〈0．05）,平均恢复自主活动时川显著低于平片组（P〈0．01）,住院天数显著低于平片组（P〈0．001）。术后随访平均18个月（8～36个月）,尤复发。结论与传统的Lichtenstein平片疝修补术相比,腹膜前疝修补术具有手术时间短、伤口疼痛轻、异物感轻、恢复快的优点。     

Survey of resident training in robotic surgery

Robotics has been recognized as a major driving force in the advancement of minimally invasive surgery. However, the extent to which General Surgery residents are being trained to use robotic technology has never been assessed. A survey was sent to program directors of accredited General Surgery training programs to determine the prevalence and application of robotics in surgical training programs. Responses were tabulated and analyzed. Thirty-three per cent indicated interest in minimally invasive surgery. Twelve per cent of responders have used robotics in their practice, and 65 per cent felt robotics will play an important role in the future of General Surgery. Currently residents from 14 per cent of the responding training programs have exposure to robotic technology, and residents from an additional 4 per cent of these programs have limited didactic exposure. Program directors from 23 per cent of responding programs identified plans to incorporate robotics into their program. Robotics have been shown to make standard endoscopic surgical procedures more efficient and cost-effective as well as allowing a variety of procedures that were only possible with conventional methods to be completed with minimally invasive techniques. This new technology promises to be a large part of the future of surgery and as such deserves more attention in the training of General Surgery residents.     

无肠坏死腹股沟嵌顿疝腹膜前间隙Ⅰ期修补可行性的临床观察

目的探讨无肠坏死腹股沟嵌顿疝腹膜前间隙行Ⅰ期修补的可行性。方法对无坏死肠嵌顿疝30例(肠嵌顿组)、网膜嵌顿疝18例(网膜嵌顿组)及择期行腹股沟疝修补术30例(对照组),采用腹膜前间隙补片修补术,检测3组术前D-乳酸、内毒素水平及术前、术后第3天白细胞及中性粒细胞计数;观察嵌顿疝患者局部疝囊内渗液细菌培养及术后并发症情况。结果 3组术前血浆D-乳酸[分别为(11.7550±3.0391)mg/L,(12.8453±3.0457)mg/L.,(11.9056±2.6754)mg/L]及内毒素[分别为(0.5623±0.0893)EU/ml,(0.6137±0.0725)EU/ml,(0.5861±0.0820)EU/ml]比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);嵌顿疝患者疝囊囊液细菌培养均为阴性;肠嵌顿组及网膜嵌顿组术前出现白细胞及中性粒细胞增高[分别为(9.22±1.471)×10~9/L、(6.03±1.403)×10~9/L,和(8.87±1.711)×10~9/L、(6.26±1.364)×10~9/L],与对照组[(6.00±1.054)×10~9/L)、(3.67±0.783)×10~9/L]比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),但肠嵌顿组及网膜嵌顿组之间比较差异无统计学意义。术后第3天肠嵌顿组及网膜嵌顿组白细胞及中性粒细胞均下降至正常水平[分别为(5.67±1.052)×10~9/L、(3.663±0.557)×10~9/L,(5.53±0.684)×10~9/L、(3.600±0.555)×10~9/L],与对照组比较[(5.23±1.028)×10~9/L、(3.36±0.544)×10~9/L],差异无统计学意义。结论对于腹股沟嵌顿疝,需要采取个体化治疗,如果术中发现为网膜嵌顿或肠管嵌顿但尚未发生肠坏死者,Ⅰ期行腹膜前间隙修补术是安全有效的。     

腹腔镜腹膜前补片修补术与完全腹膜外腹腔镜疝修补术治疗腹股沟疝的疗效比较

目的:探讨腹腔镜经腹腹膜前疝修补术(transabdominal preperitoneal prosthesis,TAPP)与腹腔镜全腹膜外疝修补术(totally extraperitoneal prosthesis,TEP)治疗腹股沟疝的临床效果。方法:2008年9月至2010年1月收治腹股沟疝患者30例,随机分为TAPP组和TEP组。评定两种术式的治疗效果。结果:两组手术均获成功,无中转开放。TAPP组手术时间明显多于TEP组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);两组下床活动时间、住院时间及镇痛泵使用率差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。TAPP组并发症发生率为13.33%,TEP组为13.33%,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。两组患者随访6~12个月,均无复发。结论:TEP与TAPP治疗腹股沟疝临床效果基本相同,值得应用。     

Open versus robotic-assisted transabdominal preperitoneal (R-TAPP) inguinal hernia repair: a multicenter matched analysis of clinical outcomes

Purpose

To compare the perioperative outcomes of initial, consecutive robotic-assisted transabdominal preperitoneal (R-TAPP) inguinal hernia repair (IHR) cases with consecutive open cases completed by the same surgeons.

Methods

Multicenter, retrospective, comparative study of perioperative results from open and robotic IHR using standard univariate and multivariate regression analyses for propensity score matched (1:1) cohorts.

Results

Seven general surgeons at six institutions contributed 602 consecutive open IHR and 652 consecutive R-TAPP IHR cases. Baseline patient characteristics in the unmatched groups were similar with the exception of previous abdominal surgery and all baseline characteristics were comparable in the matched cohorts. In matched analyses, postoperative complications prior to discharge were comparable. However, from post discharge through 30 days, fewer patients experienced complications in the R-TAPP group than in the open group [4.3% vs 7.7% (p?=?0.047)]. The R-TAPP group had no reoperations post discharge through 30 days of follow-up compared with five patients (1.1%) in the open group (p?=?0.062), respectively. Multivariate logistic regression analysis which demonstrated patient age >?65 years and the open approach were risk factors for complications within 30 days post discharge in the matched group [age?>?65 years: odds ratio (OR)?=?3.33 (95% CI 1.89, 5.87; p?<?0.0001); open approach: OR?=?1.89 (95% CI 1.05, 3.38; p?=?0.031)].

Conclusions

In this matched analysis, R-TAPP provides similar postoperative complications prior to discharge and a lower rate of postoperative complications through 30 days compared to open repair. R-TAPP is a promising and reproducible approach, and may facilitate adoption of minimally invasive repairs of inguinal hernias.