WHO西太区与世界中医药学会联合会中医名词术语国际标准比较研究：八纲辨证（二）

The Chinese characters表and里reflect two Chinese concepts.In traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）,these two concepts are used as two principles in analyzing the location,tendency and severity of diseases.The Chinese character表literally means＂external＂or＂exterior＂or＂surface＂while the character里literally means＂internal＂     

WHO西太区与世界中医药学会联合会中医名词术语国际标准比较研究：八纲辨证（一）（英文）

The so-called eight principles include阴,阳,表,里,寒,热,虚,实which are usually transliterated and translated as yin,yang,exterior, interior,cold,heat,deficiency and excess.These eight principles serve as a theoretical basis for treatment based on syndrome differentiation. These eight principles are easy to understand, translate and standardize.     

WHO西太区与世界中医药学会联合会中医名词术语国际标准比较研究：诊断部分（三）

Wen （闻）, one of the four diagnostic methods traditionally used by traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） practitioners to examine patient, actually includes two different kinds of diagnostic methods, listening and smelling. Listening means to listen to the voice, sound, breath, cough, vomiting, hiccup, sigh, sneezing and borborygmus of the patient in order to differentiate the location, nature and cause of the disease. Smelling means to smell the odor of the patient and his or her living room as well as the secreta and excreta of the patient in order to decide the nature, location and cause of the disease.     

WHO西太区与世界中医药学会联合会中医名词术语国际标准比较研究：病因辨证（英文）

The causes of diseases are various,generally including the so-called six excesses,seven emotional factors,improper diet,imbalance between work and rest and traumatic injury.In traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）,there are many terms related to these five aspects.However in WHO International Standard Terminologies on Traditional Medicine in the Western Pacific Region[1] （abbreviated as WPRO Standard）,only 60 terms related to six excesses and traumatic injury are included and almost no terms associated with emotional changes,improper diet and imbalance work and rest can be found in it.     

WHO西太区与世界中医药学会联合会中医名词术语国际标准比较研究：肺病辨证

The lung is one of the five zang-organs located in bothsides of the chest.It governs qi flowing in all parts of the body,controls respiration,regulates water passage,diffuses and distributes defensive qi,connects with all the meridians and vessels in the body and assists the heart to pump blood.     

WHO西太区与世界中医药学会联合会中医名词术语国际标准比较研究：胃肠病辨证

The stomach is located in the middle region of Sanjiao.It is responsible for reception and primary digestion of water and food,and therefore taken as the postnatal base of life in traditional Chinese medicine(TCM).Physiologically,the stomach is closely related to the intestines that receive and further digest the water and food which had beenprimarily digested in     

WHO西太区与世界中医药学会联合会中医名词术语国际标准比较研究：诊断部分（七）

The Chinese concept 切诊 is actually composed of two separate methods, i.e. pulse-taking and palpation, both of which are used to touch, feel and press the body surface of the patients in order to understand the pathological changes of the patients^[1]. The terms used in describing the ways and procedures of these two methods are usually related to the form, state and variations of pulse and certain parts of the body surface.     

WHO西太区与世界中医药学会联合会中医名词术语国际标准比较研究：诊断部分（六）

We have divided into three parts the terminologies concerning inquiry in traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） included in WHO International Standard Terminologies on Traditional Medicine in the Western Pacific Region （ abbreviated as WPRO Standard） and International Standard Chinese-English Basic Nomenclature of Chinese Medicine compiled by World Federation of Chinese Medicine Societies （abbreviated as WFCMS Standard）.     

WHO西太区与世界中医药学会联合会中医名词术语国际标准比较研究：诊断部分（一）

In traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）, there are four major diagnostic methods, namely inspection （望）, listening and smelling （闻）, inquiry （ 问 ） and pulse-taking and palpation （切）. Of course in TCM there are still some other supplementary methods for diagnosing diseases. However, these four are the major ones traditionally used to diagnose disease and decide prognosis.     

WHO西太区与世界中医药学会联合会中医名词术语国际标准比较研究：诊断部分（五）

In the field of inquiry, and expressions. In WHO there are many terms International Standard Terminologies on Traditional Medicine in the Western Pacific Region^[1] （abbreviated as WPRO Standard）. 211 terms are included. In International Standard Chinese-English Basic Nomencla- ture of Chinese Medicine compiled by World Federation of Chinese Medicine Societies^[2] （abbreviated as WFCMS Standard）, more terms are listed. In both standards, most of the terms are well translated.     

WHO西太区与世界中医药学会联合会中医名词术语国际标准比较研究：诊断部分（四）

Inquiry is the third diagnostic method traditionally used in traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）. In diagnosis, doctors usually ask patients or their relatives questions about the occurrence, progress, treatment and symptoms of their illness as well as other concerned information in order to fully understand the pathological conditions of the patients and make accurate diagnosis.     

WHO西太区与世界中医药学会联合会中医名词术语国际标准比较研究：脾病辨证（英文）

The spleen,located in the middle region of the sanjiao(also known as the triple energizer)below the diaphragm,is actually quite different from the organ with the same name in modern medicine.According to traditional Chinese medicine(TCM),the main physiological functions of the spleen include transportation and transformation,elevating lucid substance and commanding the blood to flow.Its meridian,known as the spleen meridian of foot-taiyin,