3种一步法自酸蚀粘接剂固化后的吸水性和溶解性

目的 比较3种市售的一步法自酸蚀粘接剂的吸水性及溶解性,为临床操作提供指导.方法 选择3种一步法自酸蚀粘接剂Adper Easy Bond (AEO)、Optibond All-in-one (OP)和BeautiBond (BB),各制备50个圆盘试件(直径为8.0mm,厚度为1.0mm),浸泡于去离子水中,并分组于不同浸泡时间段(1天、7天、30天、90天、180天),通过浸水前后质量变化测定其吸水值与溶解值.结果 在每个浸泡期,OP的吸水值、溶解值均为最高,AEO吸水值居中、溶解值最低,BB吸水值最低而溶解值居中,不同品牌粘接剂组间比较,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05);3种粘接剂的溶解值均随时间延长显著增加,不同浸泡时间组内比较,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 3种市售的一步法自酸蚀粘接剂固化后的吸水性和溶解性明显不同,可能与其组成有关.     

五种充填用流动性复合树脂的耐磨性能研究

目的比较5种充填用流动性复合树脂的耐磨性能,为临床选择适用于[牙合]力承担区直接充填治疗的流动性复合树脂提供参考。方法以可压实复合树脂(Majesty)为对照组,选用5种充填用流动性复合树脂(A组:Filtex 350 XT Flow;B组:Beautifil Flowable Plus;C组:Clearfil Majesty LV2;D组:Unifil LoFlo Plus;E组:Sonic Fill组)为研究对象,每组材料制备6个半球形试件。在微摩擦磨损实验机下,树脂试件垂直加载20 N,与牛牙釉质往复对磨1万次后测量球头磨斑直径并在扫描电镜下观察磨斑微观形貌。采用单因素方差分析比较各组磨斑直径差异。结果对照组、A、B组磨斑直径[分别为(1033±43)、(1068±48)、(1237±86)μm]差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),C、D、E组磨斑直径[分别为(1550±150)、(1384±222)、(1525±81)μm]均显著大于对照组和A组(P<0.05)。扫描电镜显示,对照组、A、B组填料粒度范围较大,磨耗面可见填料的碎裂和局部缺损;C、D、E组填料颗粒较小,并可见多处整块填料脱落的痕迹。结论填料粒度范围大的流动性复合树脂的耐磨性能与可压实复合树脂相当,有望用于[牙合]力承担区直接充填治疗。     

热处理时间对钛酸钾晶须增强牙用复合树脂的抗弯强度的影响

目的：研究不同热处理时间对钛酸钾晶须增强的复合树脂抗弯强度的影响。方法：将3%硅烷偶联剂处理过的钛酸钾晶须按照60%质量分数的填充量与树脂基质手工搅拌混合后制备复合树脂三点弯曲测试标准试件四组,每组6个。四组标准试件分别经120℃热处理30min、45min、1h、2h后按照ISO-10477的标准进行三点弯曲测试。结果：热处理时间1h的复合树脂抗弯强度（123.90±15.90）MPa明显高于热处理时间为30min时的抗弯强度（98.82±15.84）MPa。结论：钛酸钾晶须增强复合树脂经120℃热处理30min-1h时,随着热处理时间的增加,抗弯强度逐渐增大。     

晶须-颗粒复合体对光固化复合树脂力学性能的影响

目的 研究硼酸铝晶须-二氧化硅颗粒(ABw-SiO2)复合体对光固化牙科复合树脂弯曲性能的影响.方法 以ABw和SiO2比例、正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)用量、硅烷偶联剂用量和填料复合体用量作为实验因素,设计L9(3)4正交试验,制作试件并测试其弯曲强度和弯曲弹性模量;利用扫描电镜观察熔附体形貌.并对弯曲性能最优组与最差组试件行断面扫描.以未加填料的基质组作为阴性对照,Z100(A2色)为阳性对照.结果 最优组弯曲强度达(123.14±17.37)MPa,与基质组差异有统计学意义.与Z100(A2)复合树脂间差异无统计学意义;弯曲弹性模量为(8.75±0.459)GPa.结论 正交试验因素对光固化牙科树脂的弯曲性能有显著影响;ABw-SiO2填料复合体可以显著提高光固化牙科树脂的弯曲性能.     

微波及水浴对两种临时冠材料细胞毒性的影响

目的:探讨微波和水浴处理对聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯和双甲基丙烯酸复合树脂临时冠材料细胞毒性的影响。方法:两种材料分别制备直径10mm厚2mm圆柱体18个,每种材料分3组,每组6个试件,分别为微波组、水浴组、对照组。对照组不进行处理;微波组在500W微波条件下处理3min;水浴组在55°C水中恒温浸泡30min。获取试件浸提液后采用甲基噻唑基四唑(MTT)法检测细胞毒性。结果:聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯细胞相对增殖率:微波组(78.4%±4.3%)和水浴组(54.4%±4.3%)均大于对照组(47.6%±3.6%),结果有统计学差异,各组间两两比较也有统计学差异(P<0.05)。双甲基丙烯酸复合树脂材料细胞相对增殖率:三组间比较无统计学差异(P>0.05),细胞毒性分级皆为1级。结论:微波和水浴处理可有效降低聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯临时冠材料细胞毒性,对双甲基丙烯酸复合树脂临时冠材料无明显作用。     

两种粘结剂用于活髓前牙缺损修复的临床效果

目的比较两种粘结剂Adper Single Bond 2和XenoⅢ用于活髓前牙牙体缺损复合树脂充填修复的术后敏感情况及充填修复效果。方法 124颗患牙随机分为两组,全酸蚀组使用酸蚀剂、Adper Single Bond 2行复合树脂充填,自酸蚀组使用XenoⅢ行复合树脂充填,术后1、7、30 d复诊,评价术后敏感发生率;1年后复诊,评价充填修复效果。结果术后1 d,自酸蚀组敏感率明显低于全酸蚀组,差异有统计学意义(χ2=6.105,P=0.047);术后7 d(χ2=2.667,P=0.264)、30 d(χ2=1.177,P=0.555),两组敏感率差异无统计学意义。1年后自酸蚀组充填修复的成功率明显高于全酸蚀组,差异有统计学意义(χ2=4.459,P=0.035)。结论自酸蚀粘结剂XenoⅢ术后敏感度低;术后1年,XenoⅢ的粘结充填修复效果优于Adper Single Bond 2。     

Clinical study of self-etching and total-etching systems for esthetic restoration of anterior teeth with vital pulp

目的 比较两种粘结剂Adper Single Bond2和Xeno Ⅲ用于活髓前牙牙体缺损复合树脂充填修复的术后敏感情况及充填修复效果.方法 124颗患牙随机分为两组,全酸蚀组使用酸蚀剂、Adper Single Bond 2行复合树脂充填,自酸蚀组使用Xeno Ⅲ行复合树脂充填,术后1、7、30d复诊,评价术后敏感发生率；1年后复诊,评价充填修复效果.结果 术后1d,自酸蚀组敏感率明显低于全酸蚀组,差异有统计学意义(x2=6.105,P=0.047)；术后7d(x2=2.667,P=0.264)、30 d(x2 =1.177P=0.555),两组敏感率差异无统计学意义.1年后自酸蚀组充填修复的成功率明显高于全酸蚀组,差异有统计学意义(x2 =4.459,p=0.035).结论 自酸蚀粘结剂Xeno Ⅲ术后敏感度低;术后1年,Xeno Ⅲ的粘结充填修复效果优于Adper Single Bond 2.     

两种充填方式对不同光固化复合树脂充填体内孔隙的影响

目的 探讨光固化复合树脂的稠度及充填方式对充填体内孔隙的影响,以期为复合树脂的临床应用提供参考.方法 6位操作者将3种复合树脂(树脂A:Prodigy;树脂B:Tetric EvoCeram;树脂C:Tetric Ceram HB)以器械充填和注射充填的方式充填入模拟I类洞中,将充填体纵向片切成0.5 mm厚的切片,测定切片内孔隙数量;并测试未进行充填的复合树脂内的固有孔隙数量.结果 未充填的复合树脂内固有孔隙数量极少(≤5个);稠度居中的树脂B的孔隙数量[器械充填和注射充填分别为(1137.1±365.0)和(566.1±206.4)个]远多于稠度最大的树脂C[分别为(193.1±35.8)和(156.3±33.0)个]和稠度最小的树脂A[分别为(241.0±116.1)和(195.8±28.7)个,P<0.05).树脂B器械充填的孔隙数量明显多于注射充填(P<0.05),而树脂A和C两种充填方式的孔隙数量差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论 复合树脂充填体内的孔隙基本是在充填过程中形成的,孔隙数量与复合树脂稠度无线性关系;并非所有复合树脂用注射充填均能显著减少充填体内孔隙数量.     

空气喷磨对乳牙树脂充填微拉伸强度的影响

目的：研究空气喷磨对乳牙树脂充填微拉伸强度的影响,为该技术的临床应用提供依据。方法24颗离体乳磨牙切除冠部釉质暴露牙本质后,随机分为2组,分别用50μm氧化铝微粒空气喷磨(空气喷磨组)和金刚砂车针预备(金刚砂车针组)。每组抽取2个样本牙,1个样本牙直接扫描电镜观察,另外1个进行酸蚀后行扫描电镜观察。余留样本牙复合树脂充填后制成试件,采用微拉伸技术,测试试件断裂时的最大应力。结果空气喷磨组的微拉伸强度为(24.470±3.194) Mpa,高于金刚砂车针组(22.294±2.268) Mpa,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。扫描电镜观察：涡轮机金刚砂车针预备后酸蚀的牙本质表面呈浅坑状形态,空气喷磨后酸蚀呈规则的蜂窝状。结论空气喷磨技术可提高乳牙复合树脂充填的微拉伸强度。     

新型纳米羟基磷灰石复合树脂与牙本质的黏结性能评价

目的：检测新型纳米羟基磷灰石复合树脂与牙本质间的黏结强度,评价该材料对牙体组织的黏结性能。方法：健康离体磨牙36颗,随机分为3组,制作牙本质黏结面,分别黏结纳米羟基磷灰石复合树脂、复合树脂卡瑞斯玛、玻璃离子水门汀,经冷热交替试验后,测定各组试件的抗剪切力,计算剪切强度;体视显微镜下观察各组试件断裂界面断裂类型,采用SPSS17.0软件包对数据进行统计学分析。结果：纳米羟基磷灰石复合树脂的剪切强度为(11.23±4.6082) N/mm2,复合树脂卡瑞斯玛的剪切强度为(14.49±7.9855) N/mm2,玻璃离子水门汀的剪切强度为(10.08±6.3701) N/mm2,3组之间的抗剪切强度无显著差异;试件的黏结面断裂类型绝大多数为界面断裂,3组之间差异无显著性(P>0.05)。结论：纳米羟基磷灰石复合树脂作为一种新型牙体修复性材料,与牙体组织之间具有良好的黏结性能,达到了临床应用的要求。     

A partially aromatic urethane dimethacrylate as a new substitute for Bis-GMA in restorative composites.

OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to investigate the use of a new, partially aromatic urethane dimethacrylate in visible-light cured resin-based composite restoratives. Selected mechanical properties, such as flexural strength and flexural modulus of elasticity, of model monomer mixtures and composites containing the new urethane dimethacrylate were investigated and compared to the properties of materials that are based on Bis-GMA, at present the most frequently used cross-linker in restorative composites. In addition, the polymerization shrinkage and the water sorption of selected composites were determined. METHODS: The flexural strength, flexural modulus of elasticity, and the water sorption were determined according to ISO 4049:2000. Test specimens (rods: 2 mmx2 mmx25 mm; discs: d=15 mm and h=1 mm) of the investigated composites were prepared in stainless steel molds and light-cured (150 mW/cm2, 2x180 s). The flexural strength and flexural modulus of rods were measured after the samples had been stored under dry conditions or in water for 24 h at 37 degrees C as well as after they had been stored in water for 7 days at 37 degrees C. The water sorption was determined with discs. The polymerization shrinkage was calculated from the densities of the uncured composite pastes and cured composites. RESULTS: Visible light cured mixtures of dimethacrylate diluents with the new urethane dimethacrylate and composites based on these mixtures show a reactivity, flexural strength, flexural modulus of elasticity, polymerization shrinkage and water sorption similar to those of materials that are based on Bis-GMA. The composites did not show any strong deterioration of the mechanical properties after water storage.     

Bis-(acrylamide)s as new cross-linkers for resin-based composite restoratives

OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to investigate the use of three new bis-(acrylamide)s as cross-linker in resin-based composite restoratives. Selected mechanical properties such as flexural strength and flexural modulus of model composites containing bis-(acrylamide)s were investigated and compared to the properties of composites that are based on only conventional dimethacrylates. In addition, the hydrolytic stability of composites containing an acidic monomer was examined. METHODS: The flexural strength and flexural modulus of elasticity were determined according to ISO 4049:2000. For this purpose, test specimens (2 mm x 2 mm x 25 mm) of the composites investigated were prepared in stainless steel moulds and light-cured (150 mW/cm2, 2 x 180 s). The flexural strength and flexural modulus were measured after the samples had been stored in dry conditions or in water for 24 h at 37 degrees C as well as after they had been stored in water for 7 days at 37 degrees C, and in certain cases, after they had been boiled for 24 h in water. RESULTS: Visible light cured mixtures of dimethacrylates with bis-(acrylamide)s and composites based on these mixtures show a similar reactivity, flexural strength and flexural modulus of elasticity compared to materials that contain only dimethacrylate. The composites did not show any deterioration of the mechanical properties after water storage. Only when strongly acidic monomers were added to the composites containing dimethacrylates or bis-(acrylamide)s did the flexural strength and flexural modulus of the samples decrease after they were stored in water. SIGNIFICANCE: Bis-(acrylamide)s were similarly reactive than dimethacrylates and therefore can be used as diluents to substitute dimethacrylate diluents in composites. Although the bis-(acrylamide)s are entirely soluble in water, non-ionic materials based on bis-(acrylamide)s did not strongly change their mechanical properties during storage in water.     

Effect of carbon and glass fiber posts on the flexural strength and modulus of elasticity of a composite resin

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of prefabricated fiber posts on the flexural strength and modulus of elasticity of a composite resin. Thirty bar-shaped specimens measuring 25 x 2.0 x 2.0 mm were made, containing posts that were 1.3 mm in diameter and 20 mm long. Each group contained 10 specimens: Group 1, resin without post; Group 2, resin with carbon fiber post; Group 3, resin with glass fiber post. The samples were immersed in water at 37 degrees C until the three-point loading test was performed at a speed of 1.0 mm/minute. The results were statistically analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey's test (P = 0.05). Both fiber posts were similar in strength and both were stronger than the control. Group 3 obtained a higher mean modulus of elasticity than Groups 1 and 2, which were similar. The results of this study demonstrated that the presence of a fiber post significantly raised flexural strength values and the glass fiber post significantly increased the modulus of elasticity of the evaluated composite resin.     

Benzoyl germanium derivatives as novel visible light photoinitiators for dental materials.

OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to investigate the use of benzoyl germanium derivatives as a novel visible light photoinitiator of resin-based dental composites. Selected mechanical properties, such as flexural strength and flexural modulus, setting time, storage stability, and UV light stability, of the composites based on the novel photoinitiators benzoyltrimethylgermane (BTMGe) or dibenzoyldiethylgermane (DBDEGe) were investigated and compared to the properties of materials that are cured with a mixture of camphorquinone (CQ) and ethyl 4-(N,N-dimethylamino)benzoate (EMBO). METHODS: The flexural strength and flexural modulus of elasticity were determined according to ISO 4049. For this purpose, test specimens (2 mm x 2 mm x 25 mm) of the composites investigated were prepared in stainless steel moulds and light-cured (150 mW/cm2, 2 s x 180 s). The flexural strength and flexural modulus of elasticity were measured after immersing the cured specimens in water for 24h at 37 degrees C and in certain cases, after they had been boiled for 24h in water. In addition, the setting time, curing depth, storage and UV stability of selected composites were determined. RESULTS: The novel photoinitiators BTMGe or DBDEGe can be used to substitute the binary photoinitiator CQ/EMBO in visible light-cured restorative composites. Especially, DBDEGe showed a significantly higher photocuring activity in composites with a filler load of about 60 wt. % in comparison to that of CQ/EMBO. In addition, composites based on BTMGe or DBDEGe showed an improved UV stability and a storage stability comparable to that of CQ/EMBO-based composites.     

Sol-gel materials 2. Light-curing dental composites based on ormocers of cross-linking alkoxysilane methacrylates and further nano-components.

OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to investigate the use of ormocers, which were synthesized from amine or amide dimethacrylate trialkoxysilanes. Ormocers showed improved biocompatibility in dimethacrylate-diluent-free composite restoratives. Selected mechanical properties, such as flexural strength and flexural modulus of experimental composites containing ormocers were investigated. In addition, the influence of methacrylate-substituted ZrO2 clusters and SiO2 organosols on the mechanical properties of composites was studied. METHODS: The flexural strength and flexural modulus of elasticity were determined according to ISO 4049: 2000. For this purpose, test specimens (2mmx2mmx25mm) of the composites investigated were prepared in stainless steel moulds and light-cured (150mW/cm2, 2x180s). The flexural strength and flexural modulus of elasticity were measured after the samples had been stored in water for 24h at 37 degrees C. RESULTS: While visible light-cured dimethacrylate-diluent-free composite restoratives based on the investigated ormocers showed a similar flexural strength and flexural modulus of elasticity compared to composites that contain only dimethacrylates, their double bond conversion was considerable lower. The simultaneous addition of methacrylate-substituted ZrO2 clusters and SiO2 organosols to the ormocer composite improved the mechanical properties of the composites. SIGNIFICANCE: Ormocers of amine or amide dimethacrylate trialkoxysilanes enabled the preparation of dimethacrylate-diluent-free composite restoratives. Based on the lower cytotoxicity of the ormocers, the prepared restorative composites should show improved biocompatibility. With the addition of nanoparticles, such as methacrylate-substituted ZrO2 clusters or SiO2 organosols, the mechanical properties of composites can be improved.     

微波聚合法对义齿基托树脂力学性能影响的研究

目的研究微波聚合方法对义齿基托树脂力学性能的影响。方法分别用微波聚合和水浴聚合方法制作63.0 mm×10.0 mm×2.5 mm的树脂试样各10个,经过10 000次冷热循环后,用电子万能试验机测量其弯曲强度和弯曲模量;同法制作同样规格的树脂试样各10个,用电子万能试验机测量其拉伸强度。结果微波法和水浴法制作的义齿基托树脂弯曲强度分别为（76.18±15.56）MPa和（73.06±13.01）MPa,差异无统计学意义（t=0.534 2,P〉0.05）;弯曲模量分别为（1 709.10±98.76）MPa和（1 699.21±90.23）MPa,差异无统计学意义（t=0.568 2,P〉0.05）;拉伸强度分别为（42.19±1.12）MPa和（44.35±1.22）MPa,差异无统计学意义（t=0.627 4,P〉0.05）。结论微波聚合方法制作的义齿基托树脂力学性能与水浴法制作的相当,但微波法聚合时间较水浴法明显缩短。     

Flexural strength and modulus of elasticity of different types of resin-based composites

The aim of the study was to test whether the filler composition of resin composites influences their flexural strength and modulus of elasticity. Flexural strength and modulus of elasticity were obtained through a three-point bending test. Twelve bar shaped specimens of 5 commercially available composites--Supreme (3M/ESPE), a universal nanofilled composite; Esthet-X (Dentsply), Z-250 (3M/ESPE), Charisma (Heraeus Kulzer), universal hybrid composites; and Helio Fill (Vigodent), a microfine composite--were confectioned according to the ISO 4049/2000 specifications. The test was performed after a 7-days storage time using a universal test machine with a crosshead speed of 1 mm/min. The filler weight content was determined by the ashing technique. The data obtained on the mechanical properties were submitted to ANOVA and Tukey test (p < 0.05). Pearson's correlation test was used to determine the correlation between the filler content and the mechanical properties. A weak but significant correlation between the mechanical properties evaluated and the filler weight content was observed (p < 0.000). The microfine composite presented the lowest filler weight and the lowest mechanical properties. Statistically different flexural strength and modulus of elasticity results were observed among the universal hybrid composites. The nanofilled composite presented intermediary results. Within the limitations of this in vitro study, it could be concluded that the filler content significantly interfered in the flexural strength and modulus of elasticity of the composites tested.     

Comparison of flexural properties of composite restoratives using the ISO and mini-flexural tests

The purpose of this study was to investigate the flexural properties (flexural strength and flexural modulus) of four commercial composite restoratives (Silux Plus, Z100, Ariston and Surefil) using the ISO 4049 flexural test (IFT) and a mini-flexural test (MFT). Both tests involved the use of three-point loading and the same fixture. The difference between the tests was in the length of the composites specimens and the distance between the supports [20 mm (IFT) and 10 mm (MFT)]. Six specimens were made for each material and flexural test. Test specimens [25 x 2 x 2 mm (IFT) and 12 x 2 x 2 mm (MFT)] were fabricated according to manufacturers' recommendations. After light-polymerization, the specimens were stored in distilled water at 37 degrees C for 24 h. The specimens were subsequently blotted dry, measured and subjected to flexural testing using an Instron Universal Testing Machine with a crosshead speed of 0.75 mm min(-1). Data was analysed using anova/Scheffe's, paired samples test (P < 0.05) and Pearson's correlation (P < 0.01). For both IFT and MFT, results of statistical analysis of flexural strength were identical. Silux had significantly lower flexural strength compared with the other composites and the flexural strength of Ariston was significantly lower than Z100 and Surefil. For IFT, the flexural modulus of Z100 was significantly higher than Silux, Ariston and Surefil while for MFT, Silux had significantly lower modulus compared with Z100, Ariston and Surefil. A significant, strong and positive correlation (r = 0.95) was observed for flexural strength between IFT and MFT. Correlation for flexural modulus was also significant and positive but was weaker (r = 0.53). As MFT has the advantage of ease of specimen fabrication and is more clinically realistic, it is suggested for the testing of composite restoratives. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The mini-flexural test may be better than the ISO flexural test for screening of composite restoratives for clinical applications.     

预浸润玻璃纤维强化复合树脂的力学性能

大学口腔医院　修复科;2.北京大学口腔医院　材料教研室,北京100081) [摘要]　目的　研究预浸润玻璃纤维对不同复合树脂的强化效果。方法　制作Sinfony和belleGlass两种复合树脂的加入和不加预浸润玻璃纤维的标准试件(25 mm×2 mm×2 mm),于(37±1)℃的蒸馏水环境中保存24 h后,在万能力学试验机上测试弯曲强度和弹性模量。结果　Sinfony复合树脂加入纤维后弯曲强度和弹性模量显著提高,分别为(555·76±67·31)MPa和(12·59±3·06)GPa,较不加玻璃纤维试件平均提高了4·9和2·5倍(P=0);belleGlass复合树脂加入纤维后弹性模量有提高,为(14·10±2·88)Gpa,较不加玻璃纤维试件平均提高了0·9倍(P=0),而弯曲强度提高不明显。结论　预浸润玻璃纤维可以显著提高复合树脂的力学性能,但对不同复合树脂的强化效果有明显差别。     

Influence of filler addition, storage medium and evaluation time on biaxial flexure strength and modulus of adhesive systems

Abstract Objective. This study evaluated the effects of filler addition, storage medium and time on biaxial flexural strength and flexural modulus of six adhesive systems. Materials and methods. The adhesives were either unfilled resins: Single Bond, Prime&Bond 2.1 and One-Step; or filled resins: Single Bond Plus, Prime&Bond NT and One-Step Plus. Resin discs of each product (0.5 mm thick × 6.0 mm diameter) were prepared using silicon molds (n = 10). The discs were stored dry, in water, mineral oil or ethanol for 1 week or 3 months before biaxial flexural testing. Data were statistically analyzed by 3-way ANOVA and Tukey's post-hoc test (α = 0.05). The specimens were tested in a universal testing machine at 1.27 mm/min until failure occurred. Results. In general, the storage in ethanol led to significantly lower flexural strength and flexural modulus values than the other storage conditions for all adhesives in both storage periods. Filler addition increased flexural strength and flexural modulus for Prime&Bond NT, when it was stored dry or in water for 1 week. For Single Bond Plus, the filler addition resulted in higher flexural modulus, when it was stored for 1 week in oil and in ethanol. No significant differences in flexural modulus were observed between One-Step and One-Step Plus in any storage medium. Conclusions. Results suggested that filler addition does not necessarily have to increase the flexural strength and flexural modulus. Ethanol and oil storages tended to yield opposite effects.