刷牙对可切削复合树脂陶瓷表面粗糙度的影响

目的 研究刷牙对可切削复合树脂陶瓷材料表面粗糙度的影响。方法 以可切削复合树脂陶瓷U（Ultimate）、H（Hyramic）、E（Enamic）、G（Grandio）为实验组,以复合树脂Z（Z350XT）和玻璃陶瓷M（Vita MarkⅡ）为对照组,分别在其刷牙前及刷牙50 000次后测量表面粗糙度（Ra）,并通过扫描电子显微镜观察表面形貌。结果 刷牙前M组（0.021±0.004 μm）与G组（0.026±0.003 μm）平均表面粗糙度Ra值较小,其余各组Ra值在0.031~0.033 μm之间。刷牙后各组表面粗糙度均增加,且刷牙前后的粗糙度差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）。刷牙后,M组（0.033±0.007 μm）与G组（0.034±0.005 μm）的Ra值最小、U组（0.044±0.010 μm）与E组（0.043±0.004 μm）次之、H组（0.051±0.007 μm）与Z组（0.055±0.005 μm）最大。SEM显示玻璃陶瓷M组刷牙后孔隙变大。其余各组复合树脂陶瓷材料刷牙后均出现脱颗粒现象。结论 刷牙会增加各类复合树脂陶瓷材料的表面粗糙度。G组耐磨性最高,与玻璃陶瓷相似。H组耐磨性最低,与树脂相似,E组及U组的耐磨性介于陶瓷与树脂之间。     

温度循环老化对复合树脂表面粗糙度的影响

目的 了解复合树脂经温度循环老化作用后表面粗糙度的变化,分析复合树脂组成成分和工艺对其表面粗糙度的影响,为临床选择和应用复合树脂材料提供指导.方法 选用复合树脂A(Clearfil AP-X,Kurary)、B(Filtek P60,3M ESPE)、C(Filtek P90,3M ESPE)和D(Clearfil MAJESTY,Kurary)制成试样,每组5个样本,在抛光即刻和经10000次及20000次温度循环(55℃和5℃,30s)处理后,用表面粗糙度仪检测试样,获得表面粗糙度Ra值,并进行统计学分析.结果 抛光即刻树脂A的Ra值[(0.16±0.03)μm]显著高于树脂B[(0.09±0.01)μm]、树脂C[(0.09±0.02)μm]和树脂D[(0.08±0.02)μm](P＜0.05),树脂B、C、D的Ra值差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);4种树脂在温度循环10 000次后的Ra值均无变化(P ＞0.05);20 000次温度循环后,树脂A的Ra值显著增高[(0.20±0.02) μm]较抛光后即刻[(0.16±0.03)μm]和10000次温度循环后[(0.17±0.03) μm]显著增高(P＜0.05),其他3种树脂Ra值仍无显著变化(P＞0.05).结论 短期温度循环老化作用不会导致复合树脂表面粗糙度变化,延长老化时间后大颗粒玻璃填料树脂表面粗糙度增加;纳米工艺可显著改善树脂表面粗糙度;新型硅氧烷类树脂的表面粗糙性表现良好.     

不同抛光器械对复合树脂表面粗糙度的影响

目的:研究不同抛光方法对树脂表面粗糙度的影响。方法:6种树脂Filtek Z350、Filtek P60、Ceram-X mono、Quixfil、Synergy Duo Shade、Synergy compact分别制成共120个树脂块(5 mm×4 mm),分别使用Sof-Lex抛光碟(S)、PoGo抛光杯(PG)、Brilliant Golss抛光杯(BG)抛光。原子力显微镜测表面粗糙度参数RMS,并行统计学分析。结果:干法抛光时,S+Synergy Duo Shade的RMS值最小;PG+Quixfil值最大。对同一树脂使用不同抛光方法,RMS差异无显著性(P>0.05),组间两两比较示Ceram-X的抛光效果S优于PG(P<0.05)。相同方法抛光不同树脂,纳米型与混合型树脂抛光效果优于可压型复合树脂。PG抛光Quxifil和Ceram-X,BG抛光Synergy Duo Shade时干法优于湿法(P<0.05)。结论:对同一树脂使用不同的抛光方法,其表面粗糙度无显著差异。相同抛光方法,可压型复合树脂的RMS高于其他。部分树脂干法抛光效果优于湿法。     

瓷表面处理方式及冷热循环对VITAMarkⅡ粘结强度影响的研究

目的 比较瓷表面处理方式及冷热循环对VITAMarkⅡ粘结强度的影响。方法 将切割好的64个瓷片分为4组:空白组、酸蚀组、硅烷偶联剂组、酸蚀和硅烷偶联剂联合组,每组依次与RelyX Unicem进行粘结,无冷热循环的32个试件仅37℃水浴84 h,有冷热循环的32个试件置于自动冷热浴循环仪中循环5 000次,万能材料试验机测其剪切强度。结果 联合组的粘结强度最高,高于其余3组(P<0.05),比较冷热循环前后的强度变化,4组均有显著性下降(P<0.05)。结论 酸蚀和硅烷偶联剂联合应用可提高VITAMarkⅡ的粘结强度。     

冷热循环对3种复合树脂材料与纤维桩微拉伸强度的影响

目的探讨冷热循环对3种复合树脂材料用于成核时与纤维桩的微拉伸结合强度有无影响。方法根据树脂材料的种类将TENAX纤维桩随机分为3组,分别为专用成核树脂材料ParaCore组、AP-X组和Beautifil Flow组,并制成桩核样本,将制备好的样本切割成截面为1mm×1mm的条状试件。再将每组制备好的试件随机分为正常对照组和冷热循环组并对其进行微拉伸强度的测试。结果冷热循环组复合树脂与纤维桩之间的微拉伸结合强度虽有下降但与正常对照组没有统计学差异(P0.05)。ParaCore组在正常对照组和冷热循环组的微拉伸结合强度高于AP-X组(P0.05)。结论 1)本实验条件下,冷热循环对于复合树脂与纤维桩之间的粘接强度无明显影响。2)ParaCore树脂材料与玻璃纤维桩的粘接性能优于其余2种复合树脂材料。     

抛光对三种复合树脂表面粗糙度影响的实验研究

目的：采用临床上常用的3种充填用光固化复合树脂进行抛光后对比研究,为临床医师选择适当的牙体充填材料提供指导。方法：选择3种临床常用的前后牙通用光固化型复合树脂（Filtek Z250,Spectrum TPH,CHARISMA）,均用Sof-lex抛光系统修整、抛光,扫描电镜观察抛光前和抛光后的表面形态,并用表面粗糙度仪测定其粗糙度,对检测结果进行统计学分析。结果：3种复合树脂经同一种抛光系统处理后粗糙度值均增大,不同复合树脂之间的两两比较显示存在显著性差异;Filtek Z250组表面粗糙度值（Surface Roughness,Ra）无论抛光前后,均较其他两种树脂的Ra值小。结论：用Sof-lex抛光系统修整、抛光,Filtek Z250在三种复合树脂中有较/最佳的抛光性能。     

冷热循环对CAD/CAM树脂陶瓷复合材料表面粗糙度及形貌的影响

目的 研究冷热循环对CAD/CAM树脂陶瓷复合材料表面粗糙度及形貌的影响。方法 以树脂陶瓷复合材料LU (Lava Ultimate),CE (Cerasmart),HY (Hyramic润瓷),VE (Vita Enamic)为实验组,以长石质玻璃陶瓷VM (Vita MarkⅡ)为对照组,分别在抛光即刻和经10 000次冷热循环后(冷热循环仪设置高温55℃,低温5℃,浸水时间为30s),测量表面粗糙度R_a并进行统计学分析,扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观测试件表面形貌。结果 在抛光即刻,LU、CE、HY和VE组的R_a值在0.095～0.106μm之间,组间差异均无统计学意义(P> 0.05)。VM组R_a值最小,为(0.054±0.014)μm,与其他4组相比差异具有统计学意义(P <0.05)。经冷热循环后,各组材料R_a值均增大,但与抛光即刻相比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。老化后,VM组R_a值仍小于其他4组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。SEM...     

可切削复合树脂材料磨损性能的研究

目的：研究可切削复合树脂材料与天然牙釉质磨损性能的匹配情况。方法在微摩擦磨损实验机上,模拟口腔力学和化学环境,以三种新型的可切削复合树脂材料( Upcera 复合树脂、Lava Ultimate、High-Class)为研究对象,天然牙釉质为对磨物。实验前,用激光共聚焦显微镜测试试件表面粗糙度Sa,实验后,激光共聚焦下观察可切削复合树脂试件的磨斑形貌、测量其磨斑面积及对磨物牙釉质的磨斑宽度,扫描电镜下观察试件磨斑的微观形貌。采用单因素方差分析进行统计学分析。结果牙釉质的磨斑面积和磨斑宽度大于其他三种可切削复合树脂材料(P<0.05)。结论与牙釉质相比,三种可切削复合树脂具有更佳的耐磨性及较低的对磨物磨损。     

Effects of three food-simulating liquids on the roughness and hardness of CAD/CAM polymer composites

ObjectiveImplant-supported frameworks constructed from high-performance polymer CAD/CAM composites are exposed to liquids from the oral environment and routine care maintenance. Therefore, this study investigated the effect of food-simulating liquids (FSLs) on surface properties of three CAD/CAM polymer composite blocks.MethodsThe composites investigated were (i) a carbon fibre-reinforced composite (CarboCAD 3D dream frame; CC), (ii) a glass fibre-reinforced composite (TRINIA; TR), and (iii) a reinforced PEEK (DentoKeep; PK). The filler contents were determined by thermo-gravimetry. The surface properties were roughness, Vickers hardness (HV), properties measured by Martens force/depth indentation, namely: hardness (HM), modulus (E_IT) and creep (C_IT). Property measurements were made at baseline on polished specimens and then, where possible, after 1- and 7-days storage at 37 ℃ in three different media: water, 70% ethanol/water and MEK (methyl ethyl ketone). Specimens were selected for light and scanning electron microscopy. Statistical analysis was performed by two-way repeated measures ANOVA, one-way ANOVA, and multiple comparison tests (α = 0.05).ResultsThe baseline roughness and hardness (HV, HM) and modulus (E_IT) correlated approximately with filler content (wt%), with the fibre-reinforced composites being rougher, harder and stiffer than PK. At baseline, roughness (Sa) ranged from 0.202 to 0.268 µm; HV from 23.1 to 36.9; HM from 224.5 to 330.6 N/mm²; E_IT: from 6 to 9.8 GPa. After ageing in 70% ethanol and MEK, more pronounced roughness and hardness changes were observed than in water. MEK caused greater deterioration for the FRC than 70% ethanol, while PK specimens showed slight changes in 70% ethanol.SignificanceStorage media adversely affected the surface and mechanical properties of each CAD/CAM composite. However, during ageing, the reinforced PEEK showed greater relative stability in these properties. Nevertheless, the deterioration may indicate the need for full protection by a veneer material on each surface of an implant-supported framework.     

CAD／CAM口腔修复技术的研究现状

当今是一个科学与技术飞速发展、日新月异的时代，口腔修复医疗追求的最终目标是：个性化、美观、高效、简便地为患者设计、制作各类修复体。从目前实际情况看，口腔计算机辅助设计／计算机辅助制作（CAD／CAM）技术，在今后各类口腔修复体的设计与制作中必将成为主流技术，并将可能逐步淘汰传统铸造工艺。本文就CAD／CAM技术在口腔修复学中的应用作一综述。     

A novel CAD/CAM resin composite block with high mechanical properties

ObjectiveTo determine the mechanical properties of a newly-developed CAD/CAM resin composite block and compare with other resin composite blocks and a polymer-infiltrated ceramic block.MethodsExperimental composite block was formulated by our proprietary resin and filler technologies and cured via Hot Isostatic Pressing (HIP). Bar-shaped specimens (1 × 4×12 ? 13 mm, n = 10) for flexural strength, flexural modulus and modulus of resilience were sectioned from block materials and measured in accordance to modified ISO-6872. Cylinder specimens for compressive strength (2 × 4 mm, n = 8) and for diametral tensile strength (6 × 3 mm, n = 8) were milled from the block materials and tested according to ASTM-D695 and ANSI/ADA-Specification #27, respectively. Block specimens (5 mm, n = 3) for Vickers hardness were polished and measured for five indentations on each specimen. The data was analyzed by one-way ANOVA and post-hoc Tukey tests (p ≤ 0.05).ResultsExperimental composite block showed higher or significantly higher flexural strength, flexural modulus, modulus of resilience, compressive strength, diametral tensile strength and Vickers hardness than the other commercially available block materials except Vita Enamic for flexural modulus and hardness and Cerasmart for modulus of resilience. Some positive correlations were observed among the different mechanical properties.SignificanceNew composite block exhibited higher mechanical properties as compared to commercially available composite block materials. Superior mechanical properties for resin composite block materials were obtained by composite and curing processing technologies. Resin composite blocks with higher mechanical properties are good options for the fabrication of CAD/CAM indirect restorations.     

Adhesion of veneering resins to polymethylmethacrylate-based CAD/CAM polymers after various surface conditioning methods

Abstract

Objectives. The aims of this study were to test whether the bond strength of a hybrid composite and a PMMA-based veneer to CAD/CAM polymers would improve after pre-treatment and to evaluate the failure types after debonding. Materials and methods. Three types of PMMA-based (CAD-Temp, artBloc Temp and TelioCAD) CAD/CAM blocks were obtained (N = 360, n = 15 per test group). They were divided into four groups to be conditioned with the following methods: (a) no-treatment, (b) air-abrasion (50 μm Al₂O₃), (c) air-abrasion (50 μm Al₂O₃) + MPS-Silane (Monobond S) + Adhesive resin (StickResin) (for Gradia)/MMA (for Integral Esthetic Press) application, (d) Silica coating and silanization (CoJet-System). The conditioned surfaces were veneered with a hybrid composite (Gradia) or a PMMA-based resin (Integral esthetic press). After water storage (1 week, 37°C), the bond strength was measured. Data were analyzed using 3-way ANOVA and post-hoc Scheffé test (α = 0.05). Results. Surface-conditioning method, veneer type and CAD/CAM polymers significantly affected the results. Hybrid composite did not bond to non-conditioned CAD/CAM polymers. Regardless of the conditioning method, PMMA-based resin showed significantly higher bond strength to all CAD/CAM polymers compared to hybrid composite. Air-abrasion increased the bond strength in all tested groups. Additional silane application after air-abrasion did not significantly increase the bond strength of hybrid composite. While exclusively adhesive failures were observed between the hybrid composite and the CAD/CAM polymers, PMMA veneer demonstrated cohesive failures in the CAD/CAM polymers. Conclusion. CAD/CAM polymers could be veneered with only a PMMA-based veneer with and without air-abrasion.