老年人体表希氏束电图的研究

希氏束电图是描记心内传导系统电位变化的曲线,它能将房室传导与希氏束—浦氏系统的传导区分开来,从而了解正常和异常的房室传导,可以对传导阻滞进行定位诊断,并指导应用心脏起搏器等临床治疗。本文采用无创伤体表叠加法记录100例老年人希氏束电图(简称SHBE),对正常老年人与青壮年SHBE的结果进行了对照分析,并探索其对老年人传导阻滞定位,预激综合征分型的实用价值。 对象和方法     

体表逐搏检测希氏束电位技术的研究

目的探讨用无创方法检测希氏束电位。方法使用极低噪声3通道高增益放大器。16位A／D转换,通过USB接口与微机连接,采用模式识别和数字滤波联用软件对微信号进行处理。结果30例患者体表逐搏检测与心内导管电极记录进行对照,所有患者用逐搏体表希氏束检测仪清晰地记录到心房与心室之间的希氏束电活动,即A波、H波V波,二种记录方法获得的参数基本一致。结论无创体表逐搏检测希氏束电活动有广泛临床价值,对心脏电生理研究和对房室传导阻滞的诊断有高度实用性。     

模式识别和数字滤波联用检测希氏束电图的临床意义

目的 :研究模式识别和数字滤波联用检测希氏束电图的临床意义。方法 :同中国科技大学、鑫盛公司等单位合作 ,用希氏束检测仪、A/D采集系统记录心内和体表希氏束电图 ,用模式识别和数字滤波联用技术处理 7条杂种犬心脏微信号。结果 :均获得心内和体表逐搏希氏束电图。体表记录的A H 4 3± 5ms ,H 15± 2ms ,H V 37± 6ms ;心内记录的A H 4 2± 6ms ,H 15± 3ms,H V 37± 5ms。体表记录和心内记录资料经 χ2 检验 ,差异均不显著 (P >0 0 5 )。结论 :体表记录的希氏束图形几乎与心内记录的图形一致 ,实现了从体表提取希氏束电图的目标     

希氏束起搏与普通起搏术中患者射线暴露的比较

目的 比较希氏束起搏（HBS）和右心室心尖起搏射线暴露的差异。方法 回顾性记录无锡市人民医院2018年8月至2020年1月并分析30例希氏束起搏患者（HIS组）的手术总体及各阶段皮肤表面累积入射剂量（CD）和透视时间,并与同期右心室心尖植入心室电极的双腔起搏器（RVA）的32例患者（RVA组）对比。结果 HIS组和RVA组的手术操作时间为（76.8±13.1）和（66.0±10.8）min（t=3.386,P<0.001）、透视时间为（698.2±113.7）和（293.3±63.9）s（t=14.709,P<0.001）、透视剂量为（391.3±70.0）和（162.3±40.5）mGy（t=13.694,P<0.001）;与右心室心尖电极植入过程相比,希氏束电极植入过程的透视时间[（501.2±112.3）和（103.4±30.6）s]及透视剂量[（279.9±65.0）和（57.3±13.8）mGy]明显增加（t=15.864,Z=-6.524,P<0.001）。结论 与右心室心尖起搏术相比,希氏束起搏手术时间更长,辐射剂量更大,需谨慎选择。     

1例经皮肝静脉希氏束起搏器植入患者的护理

自1952年心脏起搏技术用于临床以来,国内外均取得飞快发展.因希氏束起搏下电激动沿正常传导系统下传,更接近生理性心室起搏而拥有广阔的临床应用前景[1].头静脉、锁骨下静脉、颈内静脉、腋静脉为常用的起搏电极植入途径.血液透析(血透)患者血管通路功能障碍最常见的原因是因动静脉瘘反复穿刺造成的血栓及血管狭窄[2],其中常见的...     

非叠加法体表逐搏检测His束电图的研究

目的　研究非叠加无屏蔽体表逐搏检测His束电位在临床上的应用价值。方法　使用极低噪声三通道高增益放大器 ,16位A/D转换 ,通过USB接口与微机连接 ;应用模式识别加数字滤波方法对微信号进行处理 ,记录时受检者取仰卧位。结果　 46个志愿者用逐搏体表His束检测仪清晰地记录到心房与心室之间的His束电活动 ,即A波、H波与V波 ;8例患者体表检测与心内导管电极记录进行对照 ,两种方法获得的参数基本一致。结论　无创体表逐搏检测His束电活动有广泛临床价值 ,对心脏电生理研究和对房室传导阻滞的诊断有高度实用性。     

Lung Nodule Detection on Chest CT: Evaluation of a Computer-Aided Detection (CAD) System

Objective

To evaluate the capacity of a computer-aided detection (CAD) system to detect lung nodules in clinical chest CT.

Materials and Methods

A total of 210 consecutive clinical chest CT scans and their reports were reviewed by two chest radiologists and 70 were selected (33 without nodules and 37 with 1-6 nodules, 4-15.4 mm in diameter). The CAD system (ImageChecker® CT LN-1000) developed by R2 Technology, Inc. (Sunnyvale, CA) was used. Its algorithm was designed to detect nodules with a diameter of 4-20 mm. The two chest radiologists working with the CAD system detected a total of 78 nodules. These 78 nodules form the database for this study. Four independent observers interpreted the studies with and without the CAD system.

Results

The detection rates of the four independent observers without CAD were 81% (63/78), 85% (66/78), 83% (65/78), and 83% (65/78), respectively. With CAD their rates were 87% (68/78), 85% (66/78), 86% (67/78), and 85% (66/78), respectively. The differences between these two sets of detection rates did not reach statistical significance. In addition, CAD detected eight nodules that were not mentioned in the original clinical radiology reports. The CAD system produced 1.56 false-positive nodules per CT study. The four test observers had 0, 0.1, 0.17, and 0.26 false-positive results per study without CAD and 0.07, 0.2, 0.23, and 0.39 with CAD, respectively.

Conclusion

The CAD system can assist radiologists in detecting pulmonary nodules in chest CT, but with a potential increase in their false positive rates. Technological improvements to the system could increase the sensitivity and specificity for the detection of pulmonary nodules and reduce these false-positive results.     

基于毫米波的非接触生命参数检测系统的研制

目的 研究基于36GH毫米波的非接解生命参数检测系统原理和技术方法。方法 将连续波雷达技术和生物医学信号处理技术相结合,采用了零中频、频域积累自适应对消技术。结果 在3m距离内,发射功率为1mW的条件下,可以穿透被褥、各类质地衣服检测到人体的呼吸、心跳信号。结论 该系统有效、可行,其检测灵敏度高,对人体安全,天线小,结构简单,易于小型化,适合于长时间的非接触监护,特别适用于航天领域。     

密闭环境中悬浮颗粒物上附着微生物的检测

目的 分析检测密闭环境中县浮颗粒物上附着微生物的种类及数量。为航天器舱内大气污染的控制和监测提供参数依据。方法 依据Ｕ．Ｓ．Ａ ＥＰＡ ＩＰ－１０方法,在密闭环境中用大流量冲击式采样器分３级连续采样,颗粒物的空气动力学直径（ＡＤ）分别为：１００μｍ≥ＡＤ〉１０μｍ、１０μｍ≥ＡＤ〉２μｍ及ＡＤ≤２μｍ。选择室外较洁净空气以同样方法采样作为对照。对采集的颗粒物精密称量。分别培养颗粒物上的吸附微生物,     

Usefulness of the CAD System for Detecting Pulmonary Nodule in Real Clinical Practice

Objective

We wanted to evaluate the usefulness of the computer-aided detection (CAD) system for detecting pulmonary nodules in real clinical practice by using the CT images.

Materials and Methods

Our Institutional Review Board approved our retrospective study with a waiver of informed consent. This study included 166 CT examinations that were performed for the evaluation of pulmonary metastasis in 166 patients with colorectal cancer. All the CT examinations were interpreted by radiologists and they were also evaluated by the CAD system. All the nodules detected by the CAD system were evaluated with regard to whether or not they were true nodules, and they were classified into micronodules (MN, diameter < 4 mm) and significant nodules (SN, 4 ≤ diameter ≤ 10 mm). The radiologic reports and CAD results were compared.

Results

The CAD system helped detect 426 nodules; 115 (27%) of the 426 nodules were classified as true nodules and 35 (30%) of the 115 nodules were SNs, and 83 (72%) of the 115 were not mentioned in the radiologists'' reports and three (4%) of the 83 nodules were non-calcified SNs. One of three non-calcified SNs was confirmed as a metastatic nodule. According to the radiologists'' reports, 60 true nodules were detected, and 28 of the 60 were not detected by the CAD system.

Conclusion

Although the CAD system missed many SNs that are detected by radiologists, it helps detect additional nodules that are missed by the radiologists in real clinical practice. Therefore, the CAD system can be useful to support a radiologist''s detection performance.     

基于模糊神经网络的自适应噪声消除方法在视觉诱发电位提取中的应用

目的本文旨在提取淹没在强背景噪声自发脑电信号(EEG)中的视觉诱发脑电信号。方法通过设计合适的自适应模糊神经网络(ANFIS),对视觉诱发脑电信号进行建模,从而采用自适应噪声消除方法滤除干扰信号,提取出视觉诱发脑电信号。结果经与目前临床通用的相干平均法比较,在波形整体和P100潜伏期的提取上,效果显著。结论基于ANFIS的自适应噪声消除方法可有效的用于诱发脑电信号VEP的检测。     

柴油机排气消声器的研制

本文在分析4125C型柴油机排气噪声频谱特性和原消声器存在的缺陷基础上,并根据几种不同类型消声器的消声特点,研制了由三腔室组成的抗性消声结构。通过理论计算和原理试验,设计了不同规格的2#、3#、4#消声器。经过性能测试,其中3#消声器的消声性能最优,插入损失为23.5dB(A),比原消声器提高7.5dB(A),满足了设计指标。配置该消声器后,排气噪声已低于军事作业噪声容许标准,达到改善劳动条件和保护环境目的。     

运动心电图检测系统中数据采集卡的研制

目的：研制一种能够高精度同步采集多路运动心电信号的专用数据采集卡。方法：1）硬件上，以196KC单片机为核心构成数据采集系统，设计可以完成数据采集、基本数据预处理及相关控制的数据采集卡；2）软件上，单片机完成A/D转换、信号的实时预处理以及与主机通信3大任务，主机则接收数据并且实时处理数据。结果：在运动心电图的检测系统中所设计的数据采集卡配合主机CPU实现了双处理器工作，同时为了减轻主机负担，由数据采集卡完成数据预处理功能，合理利用了硬件资源。结论：该数据采集卡能够满足运动心电图临床检测的要求。     

基于非广度熵的运动单位动作电位(MUAP)发放检测

目的 检测肌电信号在低信噪比时运动单位动作电位的发放。方法 本文提出了基于非广度短时窗口熵(TDE)的MUAP检测方法,分析了熵用于检测MUAP的理论依据。对MUAP检测算法的检测性能进行了统计分析和讨论。结果 在信噪比分别为4dB、2dB、0dB、-2dB和-4dB的模拟肌电信号MUAP发放时刻的检测误差的均值都在7.5ms以内。结论 模拟肌电信号MUAP检测实验结果表明,该方法用于MUAP发放检测的精度较高,并且具有良好的抗噪性能。轻度收缩的真实表面肌电信号实验结果也论证了这种方法实际应用的可行性。     

体表胃电的特征提取方法研究

目的提取表征性强、稳定性高且能够为临床应用提供诊断参考的体表胃电图(EGG)特征参数。方法采用经验模态分解方法对EGG信号进行预处理,提取EGG信号的时域、频域以及非线性多维特征参数,并通过统计学方法筛选出最优特征参数组成特征向量,对功能性消化不良(FD)患者的EGG信号进行识别。结果基于时-频-非多维特征向量的FD患者的EGG信号识别率显著优于基于传统标准所构建的特征向量,其识别率最高可达90%以上。结论所提出的多维特征提取方法能够有效识别FD等胃肠疾病患者的EGG特征,可以为胃电的相关研究提供一种可靠的分析工具。