碘仿自固化磷酸钙根管糊剂封闭性的体外研究

目的:观察注射型碘仿自固化磷酸钙(CPC)根管糊剂在体外充填根管的封闭性能。方法:62颗离体单根管牙用K锉常规法预备至40#,其中58颗随机分为2个实验组,分别用注射型碘仿CPC糊剂和氧化锌丁香油碘仿糊剂作为根管封闭剂,牙胶尖侧压法充填根管。另外4颗作为对照组。根充材料凝固后,将牙的根尖部分浸泡于2%亚甲蓝染料中6d,沿牙体长轴纵向劈开,测量根管内壁染料渗漏长度。采用团体t检验进行统计学分析。结果:注射型碘仿CPC充填组平均渗漏8.400mm,氧化锌丁香油碘仿糊剂组平均渗漏5.300mm,2组的渗漏值有显著性差异(P<0.05)。结论:碘仿CPC的体外根管封闭性不及氧化锌丁香油碘仿糊剂。     

碘仿氢氧化钙糊剂充填感染根管的微漏实验研究

目的：探讨碘仿氢氧化钙（ICH）糊剂充填感染根管后对根尖孔的封闭性能。方法：将49个牙周牙髓联合病变需要拔除的患牙随机分为4组：A组和A1组用ICH糊剂充填根管；B组、B1组用氧化锌丁香油糊剂加牙胶尖充填根管。A组、B组充填后即刻拔牙。A1组、B1组充填后3又拔牙。采用染料渗入法检查根尖孔微漏值，在解剖显微镜下测量染料渗入距离。结果：A组、B组微漏值分别为1．08和1．18mm，对根尖孔的封闭性能二者相比无显著差异（P＞0．05）。A1组微漏值由1．08mm上升为3．05mm。B1组的微漏值为1．58mm，对根尖孔仍有良好的封闭性。A1组较B1组封闭性能差，两者有显著差异。结论：ICH糊剂充填感染根管一段时间后对根尖孔的封闭性能不佳，只能作为暂时根充材料。     

Endomethasone根管糊剂根尖封闭能力的实验研究

目的 探讨Endomethasone根管糊剂的根尖封闭能力.方法 选取44颗离体单根管恒牙,随机分为2组,每组20颗牙,分别用Endomethasone糊剂和氧化锌丁香油糊剂加牙胶尖以冷侧压法充填根管,采用染料渗入法测量染料渗入距离.结果 Endomethasone糊剂组与氧化锌丁香油糊剂组根尖微渗漏均值分别为(2.79±0.87)mm和(4.83±1.23)mm,经t检验,P＜0.01,两组渗漏值具有显著性差异.结论 Endomethasone根管糊剂对根尖的封闭能力优于传统的氧化锌丁香油糊剂.     

Cortisomol根管糊剂根尖封闭能力的实验研究

目的:探讨Cortisomol根管封闭剂的根尖封闭能力。方法:选取44颗离体单根管恒牙,随机分为2组,每组20颗牙,分别用Cortisomol糊剂和氧化锌丁香油糊剂加牙胶尖以冷侧压法充填根管,采用染料渗入法测量染料渗入距离。结果:Cortisomol糊剂组与氧化锌丁香油糊剂组根尖微渗漏均值分别为(1.21±0.47)mm和(2.17±1.08)mm,经t检验,P<0.01,两组渗漏值具有显著性差异。结论:Cortisomol根管糊剂对根尖的封闭能力优于传统的氧化锌丁香油糊剂。     

Vitapex根充糊剂的封闭性研究

目的　评价Vitapex糊剂作为根管充填糊剂的根尖封闭性能。方法　采用离体牙实验 ,通过微渗漏研究根充后染液从根尖渗入的长度 ,并与氧化锌丁香油糊剂进行对比。结果　单尖或侧压法充填的Vitapex组染液渗漏长度均显著小于氧化锌丁香油糊剂组 (P <0 .0 1) ,而侧压充填法的染液渗漏长度明显小于单尖充填法 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论　Vitapex作为根管充填糊剂时 ,无论采用单尖法或侧压法其根尖封闭性都显著优于氧化锌丁香油糊剂 ,尤其以侧压充填法更佳     

不同根充材料对于根尖封闭性能的纵剖面研究

目的:评价3种根管充填糊剂的根管封闭能力,分析其影响因素。方法:收集新鲜拔除的完整单根管下颌第一前磨牙60颗,随即分为A、B、C三组,每组20颗牙,分别用氧化锌丁香油糊剂、Vltapex糊剂、AH-Plus糊剂加牙胶尖以侧压法进行根管充填,采用染料渗入法测染料渗入距离,并通过扫描电镜观察根尖1/3、根中1/3、根颈1/3中根管壁与糊剂之间的结合状态。结果:扫描电镜下3类糊剂在根颈1/3与根管壁的粘结最紧密,在根尖1/3与根管壁的粘结最疏松。其中AH-Plus组可见材料呈均质状分布,与管壁粘结最为紧密。在根尖1/3处AH-Plus组(2.11±0.22)μm的微缝隙宽度明显低于氧化锌丁香油糊剂(8.63±0.25)μm和Vitapex糊剂(7.58±5.62)μm(P<0.05)。3种根管充填材料的染料渗透距离中,AH-Plus组的微渗漏值(0.98±0.58)mm明显小于氧化锌丁香油糊剂(2.32±0.55)mm和Vitapex糊剂(2.11±0.67)mm(P<0.05)。结论:AH-Plus糊剂对于根管充填特别是根尖有很好的密合性,能有效防止根尖微渗漏现象的发生。     

三金羟磷灰石糊剂封闭根尖的实验研究

目的：比较三金羟磷灰石根管封闭剂与传统根管封闭剂的封闭能力。方法：采用美兰渗漏染色法测定3种根管封闭剂的根尖渗漏染色长度。结果：三金羟磷灰石糊剂、碘仿糊剂、氧化锌丁香油糊剂的根尖渗漏平均染色长度分别为2．40mm,4.37mm,5.80mm。三金羟磷灰胡剂与碘仿糊剂及氧化锌丁香油糊剂的美兰渗入长度有显著差异（P＜0．01）。碘仿糊剂与氧化锌丁香油糊剂的美兰渗入长度无显著差异。结论三金羟磷灰石根管封闭剂与传统根管封闭型比较,具有很好的根尖封闭效果。     

2种测定根尖微渗漏方法的比较

目的:比较透明牙技术和染料溶解法评价根尖微渗漏的一致性.方法:选取人单根管牙49颗,随机分为A、B、C 3个实验组各15颗牙和2个对照组各2颗牙.根管预备后,实验组分别采用AH Plus(A组)、Cortisomol(B组)、氧化锌丁香油糊剂(C组)3种根管充填糊剂联合牙胶进行根管充填,阳性对照组采用单一牙胶尖进行充填;充填后,阳性对照组和实验组均将根尖孔区(根尖孔周围2mm范围)以外的牙体表面涂布2层指甲油.阴性对照组采用牙胶尖加AH Plus糊剂进行根管充填,充填后整个牙体表面涂布2层指甲油.将所有实验样本染色,分别采用透明牙技术和染料溶解法进行根尖微渗漏评价,采用SPSS12.0软件包对结果进行统计学分析.根据数据情况,分别采用方差分析和秩和检验,分析2种方法的一致性.结果:2种评价根尖微渗漏的方法均显示,A组(AH Plus糊剂)根尖微渗漏较其他2个实验组小(P＜0.05);B组(Cortisomol)、C组(氧化锌丁香油糊剂)根尖微渗漏无统计学差异(P＞0.05).结论:在染色法基础上,透明牙技术和染料溶解法进行根尖微渗漏的评价结果具有一致性.     

AHPlus和EndoREZ根管充填糊剂根尖封闭性能的体外研究

目的：采用体外离体牙实验,研究根管充填糊剂EndoREZ、AHPlus的根尖封闭性能。方法：收集60颗离体前牙,用镍钛旋转器械Protaper预备根管后,依据根管充填糊剂的不同,随机分为3组,每组20颗,A、B两组为实验组,分别用EndoREZ、AHPlus作为根管充填糊剂;C组为对照组,用氧化锌丁香油糊剂（ZOE）作为根管充填糊剂,3组均采用冷牙胶侧方加压法恰充填根管。将根管充填后的全部标本置于IndiaInk染料中进行根尖微渗漏实验,用染料渗透法结合透明牙体标本制作技术,检测染料渗透线长度,评价3种糊剂的根尖封闭性能。结果：A、B、C3组均有染料渗入根尖,渗透线长度分别为（1.13±0.24）mm,（0.94±0.18）mm,（1.79±0.12）mm;A、B、C3组间的染料渗透长度有显著性差异（P（0.01）,A、B两组与对照组间差异有统计学意义（P（0.05）,A组与B组间的差异无统计学意义。结论：树脂类根管充填糊剂AHPlus、EndoREZ的根尖封闭性能均优于氧化锌丁香油糊剂。     

根管糊剂在ObturaⅡ充填技术中对根尖微渗漏的影响

目的:探讨在Obtura Ⅱ注射式热熔牙胶充填中,不同根管糊剂对根尖微渗漏的影响。方法:40颗单根管牙随机分为4组,采用Obtura Ⅱ注射式热熔牙胶进行根管充填,A、B、C组分别以ZOE、Vitapex、AHplus作为根管糊剂,D组未用糊剂。充填后行墨汁渗透实验,制作透明标本,使用体视显微镜和显微照相系统观测染料渗透的长度。结果:染料自根尖孔渗入根管的长度,D组最长,为4.56±2.72mm,与A、B、C组间差异均有显著性(P<0.05)。在使用糊剂的实验组中,染色线的长度由小到大依次是AHplus1.70±0.82mm、Vitapex1.87±0.56mm和ZOE2.02±0.40mm,但3组之间没有统计学差异(P>0.05)。结论:根管糊剂的使用能显著降低Obtura Ⅱ根管充填后根尖的微渗漏。     

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目的    评价不同根管充填材料的根管封闭性能。方法    将2005—2007年黑龙江省森工总医院口腔科门诊拔除的40颗离体单根牙随机分为A、B、C、D 4个组,分别用塑化液、Vitapex糊剂、氧化锌丁香油（ZOE）糊剂加牙胶尖、氢氧化钙糊剂侧压充填根管。采用染液渗入法检查根尖孔微渗漏,在体式显微镜下用游标卡尺测量染液渗入根管的长度。结果    4个组染液渗入根管的长度分别为（2.02±0.92）mm、（0.94±0.50）mm、（3.21±0.87）mm和 （3.97±1.66）mm。除C组与D组间差异无统计学意义 （P ＞ 0.05） ,其余各组间差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论    Vitapex糊剂对根尖孔的封闭性能优于塑化液、ZOE糊剂和氢氧化钙糊剂。     

氢氧化钙-碘仿糊剂用于乳牙根管封药的临床研究

目的:观察氢氧化钙-碘仿糊剂应用于乳牙感染根管封药的临床疗效。方法:选择320例乳牙根尖周炎病例,随机分为治疗组(氢氧化钙-碘仿糊剂组)和对照组(甲醛甲酚组)各160例,观察封药后48h,1周的临床疗效。结果:1周后两组疗效有显著差异,氢氧化钙-碘仿糊剂根管封药显效率(91.25%)优于甲醛甲酚组(66.25%)。结论:氢氧化钙-碘仿糊剂应用于乳牙根管封药可有效减少治疗期间的肿痛。     

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目的评价即刻桩腔预备后采用AH-plus、Cortisomol及氧化锌丁香油湖剂3种根管封闭剂的根尖封闭临床价值。方法选取2010年6—9月于周口市第二人民医院口腔科因正畸拔除的健康上颌单根管牙齿60颗,以ProTaper手用镍钛根管锉逐步深入法根管预备后,随机分为3组,每组20颗。分别用AH-plus糊剂、Cortisomol糊剂、氧化锌丁香油糊剂加牙胶尖侧向加压法进行根管充填,根充后即刻桩腔预备,染料渗透法测量根尖微渗漏距离并进行统计学分析。结果氧化锌丁香油组、Cortisomol组和AH-plus组微渗漏长度分别为(1.731±0.162)mm、(1.316±0.115)mm、(1.238±0.156)mm,各组间差异有统计学意义(F=66.1174,P<0.01);氧化锌丁香油组的微渗漏值高于AH-plus组(q=14.924)和Cortisomol组(q=12.56),差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);AH-plus组与Cortisomol组差异无统计学意义(q=2.364,P>0.05)。结论即刻桩腔预备后AH-plus和Cortisomol糊剂的根尖封闭能力优于氧化锌丁香油糊剂,AH-plus和Cortisomol糊剂的根尖封闭能力无差异,是较理想的根管封闭剂。     

Calcium hydroxide dressings using different preparation and application modes: density and dissolution by simulated tissue pressure

AIM: To study the effect of different apical shapes in prepared simulated root canals on the application of a commercially prepared calcium hydroxide paste by a syringe or lentulo spiral. METHODOLOGY: Three different types of root canal preparation were performed in 90 simulated canals: group A to an apical size 20 and a 0.10 taper using hand and rotary instruments, group B to an apical size 30 and a 0.08 taper using GT rotary instruments and group C to an apical size 40 and a 0.04 taper using ProFile 0.04 instruments. The insertion of calcium hydroxide [Ca(OH)2] paste was accomplished using either a lentulo spiral or a syringe. After 1 week of simulated fluid pressure applied to the apical end of the canal using physiological saline solution, the solution was evaluated for released Ca(OH)2. The specimens were weighed initially, after preparation, after insertion of Ca(OH)2 paste, after temporization with Cavit and after 1 week of simulated fluid pressure. Digital radiographs of the filled canals were taken and canal areas in mm2, gray values of the Ca(OH)2 dressings, total area of voids in mm2, as well as location of voids in the apical, middle or coronal thirds of the root canals were measured. Analyses of variance, with Scheffe's post-hoc tests, as well as chi-square tests were performed. RESULTS: Canals in group C had significantly fewer (P < 0.01) radiographic voids than canals in groups A and B. Using a lentulo spiral resulted in significantly (P < 0.05) fewer voids compared with the injection technique. More voids were detected coronally compared with middle and apical root canal thirds (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Canal shape and method of application had an impact on the amount and radiodensity of calcium hydroxide dressings in simulated root canals. Canals prepared to an apical size 40 and a taper of 0.04 had the least number of voids; Ca(OH)2 was placed with significantly fewer voids using a lentulo spiral compared with the injection technique.     

Effect of dentine surface treatment on leakage of root fillings with a glass ionomer sealer

The purpose of this study was to observe the quality of seal of the glass ionomer cement, Ketac-Endo, after treatment of the root canal wall. The root canals of 140 extracted human teeth were prepared biomechanically. The root canals were treated with either EDTA or received an intracanal dressing of calcium hydroxide or camphorated paramonochlorphenol. The root canals were filled by the lateral condensation technique with gutta-percha points and the sealer Ketac-Endo, or zinc oxide-eugenol cement or Sealapex. The teeth were placed into a 2% methylene blue dye solution inside a flask, which was attached to a vacuum pump. Leakage was measured linearly. Sealapex exhibited significantly less leakage than Ketac-Endo or zinc oxide-eugenol cement (P < 0.01). The use of EDTA and intermediary dressings reduced significantly (P <0.01) the leakage observed with the zinc oxide-eugenol sealer and Ketac-Endo.     

Effect of canal drying methods on the apical seal

The purpose of this study was to observe the seal obtained in human root canals under different in vitro treatment conditions. Root canals of freshly extracted human maxillary incisors received traditional biomechanical preparation and irrigation with 10% NaClO, followed by a final rinse of distilled water. Teeth were divided into four groups. In group 1, each root canal was dried with one paper point. In group 2, each root canal was dried with four paper points. Group 3 was dried with four paper points, followed by a gentle burst of warm air. Group 4 was dried using four paper points, followed by an internal 200 degrees C heat probe. Twenty canals in each group were filled with a gutta-percha cone and a zinc oxide-eugenol sealer, whereas 20 were filled with a glass ionomer sealer. All teeth were immediately immersed in India ink for 1 or 4 wk. The teeth were cleared, and the dye penetration-leakage measured with an accuracy of +/- 0.01 mm. Optimum sealing conditions were observed when the canal was dried with paper points and a 200 degrees C probe. There were no significant differences between 1 and 4 wk immersion. Glass ionomer sealer appeared more susceptible to the wet condition of the root canal walls than zinc oxide-eugenol sealer. An additional 40 teeth were prepared in the same manner as the dye penetration tests to observe the drying conditions of the root canal walls, and the moisture inside the canals was measured to an accuracy of 0.0001 g. The highest degree of internal canal wall dryness was found in group 4.     

Solubility and biocompatibility of calcium hydroxide-containing root canal sealers

Abstract The solubility and biocompatibility of 2 commercially available calcium hydroxide-containing root canal sealers, CRGS and Sealapex, were studied. Four dogs were anesthetized and a sulcular incision was made to expose the vestibular surface of the mandble. Two rows of holes, 2 mm deep, 2 mm wide and 10 mm apart, were drilled into the mandible. Teflon cups with the same dimensions as the holes were filled with the experimental materials and placed in the cavities. For the purpose of comparison, Teflon cups filled with a traditional zinc oxide-eugenol sealer and a paste of calcium hydroxide and saline were implanted as well. After 90 days the animals were killed. The mandibles were dissected free, fixed in formalin and demineralized. Bone specimens containing 1 Teflon cup were then embedded in paraffin, sectioned longitudinally, and the sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin and examined in the light microscope. The cups which originally contained the paste of calcium hydroxide and saline were completely filled with bone. Sealapex was partly missing from the cups and was generally replaced by ingrowth of connective tissue. Large amounts of the material were seen in macrophages and tissue outside the cups. CRCS and the traditional zinc oxide-eugenol sealer generally filled the cups well after 3 months. Tissue fluids were seen in the superficial layers of these materials, but ingrowth of tissue had not occurred. No macrophage reaction was seen with either of these materials, but a stronger inflammatory reaction was caused by CRCS than by the traditional zinc oxide-eugenol cement. CRCS appeared to be the most stable of the calcium hydroxide-containing sealers tested.     

比塔派克斯糊剂充填感染根管的疗效

目的：观察比塔派克斯糊剂充填感染根管的疗效。方法：对320例320个患牙进行根管治疗术,分为两组各160牙。实验组用比塔派克斯湖剂充填根管,对照组用氧化锌丁香油糊剂充填极管。结果：术后追踪观察2年,实验组观察158牙,成功154牙（97．47％）;对照组观察151牙,成功135牙（89．40％）。结论：用比塔派克斯糊剂充填根管疗效较好。