Infrasellar craniopharyngioma: CT and MR studies

A rare case of an infrasellar craniopharyngioma is reported. Pathological proof and CT and magnetic resonance (MR) images of the tumor are presented. This case is thought to demonstrate the first example of MR images of an infrasellar craniopharyngioma. Evidence suggesting that the tumor originated from an infrasellar location is presented.     

颅咽管瘤的CT和MRI诊断

目的探讨CT和MRI诊断颅咽管瘤的价值。材料与方法63例经病理证实的颅咽管瘤,全部行CT检查,23例行MR扫描。结果肿瘤最大径2.0～9.0m,累及鞍上49例、鞍内3例、鞍上鞍内联合受累11例;囊性肿瘤38例,囊实性20例,实性5例。结论依据肿瘤的CT和MRI特征,大多数颅咽管瘤能得到正确诊断,CT对诊断有困难者MRI有很大的帮助。     

CT and MR imaging of craniopharyngioma

We reviewed imaging findings of CT and MR imaging in 20 cases of surgically confirmed craniopharyngioma in an attempt to determine their relation to patterns of tumor extent. The relationship between these patterns and the frequency of preoperative CT diagnosis and MR imaging diagnosis according to the surgical diagnosis were determined. The CT technique was superior to MR imaging in the detection of calcification. The MR imaging technique was superior to CT for determining tumor extent and provided valuable information about the relationships of the tumor to surrounding structures. Thus, CT and MR imaging have complementary roles in the diagnosis of craniopharyngiomas. In cases of possible craniopharyngioma, noncontrast sagittal T1-weighted images may enable the identification of the normal pituitary, possibly leading to the correct diagnosis. Received 6 November 1995; Revision received 9 August 1996; Accepted 14 October 1996     

Schwannoma of the prostate: ultrasonographic features

A noteworthy case of a benign schwannoma of the prostate in a 65-year-old man not in connection with genetic neurofibromatoses is reported. A 12-mm nodular hypoechoic lesion in the peripheral gland was seen at transrectal ultrasound, but diagnosis could be achieved only by transrectal echo-guided biopsy.     

Salmonella typhi abscess in a craniopharyngioma: CT and MRI

ASalmonella typhi abscess within a craniopharyngioma in a 28-year-old woman is reported. CT and MRI demonstration of cerebral edema adjacent to the tumor suggested an atypical presentation of craniopharyngioma.     

Discoid menisci in children: ultrasonographic features

OBJECTIVE: Discoid meniscus is a rare congenital pathology affecting mainly the lateral meniscus. Radiological diagnosis, initially based on arthrographic findings, is now established on well defined MRI criteria. In this study, ultrasonography (US) was the modality proposed for diagnosing discoid meniscus and compared to the normal sonographic meniscal pattern. Subjects and methods. 8 children aged from 6 to 11 years, with a symptomatology highly suggestive of meniscal pathology, were investigated by US of both knees, followed by MRI in 3 and arthroscopy in all cases. RESULTS: In all 8 cases, a meniscus was diagnosed as discoid when it no longer had its normal triangular shape, was abnormally elongated and thick and demonstrated a heterogeneous central pattern. Associated lesions (fracture, cystic degeneration) were well demonstrated on US. The lateral meniscus was involved in all 8 cases, the pathology was bilateral in 5 cases and MRI/US correlation was good in 3 cases. Arthroscopy confirmed US findings in all cases. CONCLUSION: US, a more widely available imaging modality, is a reliable technique for the diagnosis of discoid meniscus in children.     

Rhinopharyngeal craniopharyngioma. CT X-ray and MRI aspects

The authors report about a rare site of craniopharyngioma, purely extracerebral and located in the sphenoid sinus and the rhinopharynx. No CT or MRI sign is pathognomonic for the lesion, but the presence of a fleshy process containing calcifications and cystic formations must lead to evoking this diagnosis. MRI assesses the extent of the lesions perfectly, but fails to detect small calcifications or ossifications accurately.     

Metastatic intramammary lymph nodes: mammographic and ultrasonographic features.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the mammographic and ultrasonographic findings in patients with intramammary lymph node (IMLN) involvement in breast cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The mammograms of 1655 histopathologically proven breast cancer cases diagnosed during the last 10 years were retrospectively reviewed. There were 16 cases in which metastasis to intramammary lymph nodes was suspected mammographically and proven histopathologically. The clinical and radiological features of these 16 cases were evaluated. RESULTS: On mammograms, the involved lymph nodes were all well circumscribed, homogeneous, oval or round opacities in the upper outer quadrant of the breast. They were all larger than 1 cm in size. On US, they were seen as well circumscribed, homogeneously hypoechoic masses with mild acoustic enhancement. In one case, besides enlargement, development of malignant microcalcifications was seen inside the node in the follow up period. In another case with IMLN metastasis, the primary focus of the breast cancer could not be detected either mammographically or histopathologically. So the case was accepted as occult breast carcinoma. All of the primary tumors detected were invasive histopathologically and their sizes varied between 1-6 cm (mean, 3 cm). CONCLUSION: The involvement of the IMLN can be suspected with mammographic and ultrasonographic features. Metastatic disease from breast cancer to IMLN may be the first clinical and/or radiological sign of breast cancer.     

Neonatal brain tumors: CT and MR findings

Twelve neonatal brain tumors, presenting within 60 days of birth, constituted 3.3% of pediatric brain tumors. Three-fourths were supratentorial. Two-thirds were benign. Forty-two percent were choroid plexus papilloma. Twenty-five percent were teratoma. Eight percent each were hypothalamic glioma, gliosarcoma, medulloblastoma, and primitive neuroectodermal tumor. Clinical symptoms were nonspecific. Signs of herniation were absent in all 12 patients. Forty-two percent of these patients died 1 day to 8 months after diagnosis. Ultrasound, CT, and magnetic resonance have all proved useful for displaying these lesions suitably for surgery.     

Neonatal hypoglycemia: CT and MR findings.

A case of neonatal hypoglycemia with extensive occipital cortical loss is presented. Imaging studies revealed a predominance of brain parenchymal loss in the occipital lobes bilaterally with nearly complete absence of cortex in the posterior parietal and occipital regions and generalized thinning of the cortex throughout the brain.     

Male breast disease: clinical,mammographic, and ultrasonographic features

PURPOSE: To describe and quantitate the radiological (mammographic and ultrasonographic) characteristics of male breast disease and to report the clinical and pathological findings. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Two-hundred-thirty-six male patients with different male breast diseases, diagnosed at our institution between January 1990 and July 2001, were retrospectively evaluated. The history, physical examination, mammographic and ultrasonographic findings were analyzed. RESULTS: The spectrum of the disease in 236 male patients were gynecomastia (n=206), primary breast carcinoma (n=14), fat necrosis (n=5), lipoma (n=3), subareolar abscess (n=2), epidermal inclusion cyst (n=1), sebaceous cyst (n=1), hematoma (n=1), myeloma (n=1), and metastatic carcinoma (n=2). The distribution of patterns of gynecomastia were; 34% (n=71) nodular, 35% (n=73) dendritic and 31% (n=62) diffuse glandular. Gynecomastia was unilateral in 55% (n=113) and bilateral in 45% (n=93) of the patients. Male breast cancer presented as a mass without microcalcifications in 86% (n=12) and with microcalcifications in 7% (n=1) of patients. The mass was obscured by gynecomastia, partially in two, totally in one patient. The location of the mass was retroareolar in 46% (n=6) and eccentric to the nipple in 54% (n=7) of patients. On ultrasonography (US), the contours were well-circumscribed in 20% (n=3) and irregular in 80% (n=12) of the masses. CONCLUSION: Male breast has a wide spectrum of diseases, some of which have characteristic radiological appearances that can be correlated with their pathologic diagnosis. In the evaluation of the male breast, mammography and US are essential and should be performed along with physical examination.     

Unusual location of an ovary: ultrasonographic features and surgical correlation

We present a case of ectopic ovary in a 5-month-old baby presenting a firm nodule in the left labia majora. Ultrasonography was performed and revealed an ectopic ovary. The ectopic ovary was surgically returned in adnexial location. We describe the typical findings of this entity.     

MR and CT findings of craniopharyngioma during and after radiation therapy

Long-term changes in craniopharyngioma treated with radiation therapy (RT) were investigated by computed tomography (CT) and/ or magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. Eight patients with craniopharyngioma were treated with incomplete resection or conservative surgical intervention followed by postoperative RT. The periods of tumor shrinkage were often long and varied (range: 6-68 months, mean: 29.1 months). Temporary enlargement of the solid component of a tumor usually occurs during RT and does not represent tumor progression. Cystic enlargement also occurs sometimes comparatively early after RT, and enlarged cysts often shrink with no treatment or with conservative treatment. These changes should be differentiated from tumor recurrence, with careful follow-up. After shrinkage, small solid or cystic nodules enhanced with contrast medium often remain. Long-term follow-up is necessary to differentiate uncontrolled tumors from controlled tumors with imaging modalities.     

Neonatal nasopharyngeal hairy polyp: CT and MR appearance

We report a rare tumor of the nasopharynx in the neonate: the teratoid or hairy polyp. In addition to the traditional modes of evaluation (barium swallow, plain radiography, and indirect laryngoscopy), CT and magnetic resonance were used to assess this unusual cause of respiratory distress and vomiting in a newborn.     

心脏及心包转移性肿瘤的超声表现

心脏超声是检查心脏及心包肿瘤的首选、有效的检查方法,现将我院诊治的24例报告如下。1材料与方法2002年1月~2005年7月在我院经临床证实为心脏及心包转移性肿瘤患者24例,其中男15例,女9例,年龄29~80岁,平均年龄57·64岁。临床主要表现憋气、胸闷。转移瘤的原发病灶:肺癌15例,胃癌4例,食管癌2例,乳腺癌2例,胸腺瘤1例。应用HP Image Point彩色多普勒超声诊断仪,扇扫探头,频率为2·0~2·5MHz。患者取左侧卧位或平卧位,常规取胸骨旁左室长轴切面、心底短轴切面、心尖四腔心切面以及剑突下切面进行检查,观察心包腔内及心房内肿瘤的大小、形态…     

Intrathoracic rib: CT features

Computed tomography may suggest the diagnosis of intrathoracic rib (IR) by two criteria: (a) The abnormal extrapleural shadow has cortical margins on bone windows; (b) the shadow articulates with the spine or with a rib. The significance of an IR lies in recognizing it as an innocuous thoracic shadow, one not to be mistaken for other more serious lesions, thus preventing additional procedures.     

Pancreatic pseudoaneurysm: CT features

Haemorrhage is a serious and life-threatening complication of pancreatitis. We present a case of bleeding pancreatic pseudoaneurysm in which CT established t the diagnosis. Correspondence to: A. A. Ghiatas     

Hepatic actinomycosis: CT features

Hepatic actinomycosis is an uncommon entity that forms communicating abscesses and fistulae. A case is presented in which findings on ultrasound, CT, and percutaneous injection of the abscess all reflected the pathologic process. Biopsy by thin-needle aspiration under CT guidance afforded prompt, accurate diagnosis and effective therapy.