载脂蛋白E拟肽对实验性变态反应性脑脊髓炎小鼠基质金属蛋白酶-9和基质金属蛋白酶组织抑制因子-1表达的影响

目的探讨载脂蛋白E(Apo E)拟肽对实验性变态反应性脑脊髓炎(EAE)小鼠基质金属蛋白酶-9(MMP-9)和基质金属蛋白酶组织抑制因子-1(TIMP-1)表达的影响。方法将30只雌性C57BL/6J小鼠随机分为Apo E拟肽组、EAE组和正常组,每组10只小鼠。EAE模型通过以髓鞘少突胶质细胞糖蛋白多肽35-55为抗原诱导。Apo E拟肽组在免疫后第2 d到30 d每隔2 d按5 mg/(kg·d)背部皮下注射Apo E拟肽。EAE组和正常组均以等体积生理盐水替代。免疫后第0~35 d每日对小鼠进行神经功能评分。免疫后第35d解剖小鼠,分离大脑和脊髓并行HE染色。采用免疫组化染色法检测各组小鼠大脑、脑干和脊髓的MMP-9和TIMP-1的表达。结果正常组小鼠均未发病。Apo E拟肽组、EAE组的小鼠全部发病,但各有1只小鼠发病后死亡。Apo E拟肽组与EAE组的发病潜伏期差异无统计学意义(P=0.72)。Apo E拟肽组的神经功能评分在峰值和慢性期(第35 d)均明显低于EAE组(均P0.05)。HE染色示,正常组未见炎症细胞浸润;EAE组小鼠大脑、脑干和脊髓均有不同程度的炎性细胞浸润,以脑干和脊髓较为明显;Apo E拟肽组小鼠CNS炎性细胞浸润相对于EAE组明显减少。EAE组小鼠大脑、脑干和脊髓的MMP-9表达均高于正常组(均P0.05)。Apo E拟肽组小鼠大脑和脊髓的MMP-9表达要明显低于EAE组(均P0.05),其中Apo E拟肽组小鼠中脑和脊髓的MMP-9表达与正常组相比无明显差异(均P0.05)。正常组小鼠脊髓TIMP-1的表达明显高于EAE组和Apo E拟肽组(均P0.05)。而Apo E拟肽组与EAE组小鼠大脑、脑干和脊髓TIMP-1表达的差异均无统计学意义(均P0.05)。结论 Apo E拟肽能通过抑制大脑和脊髓MMP-9的表达改善EAE小鼠的症状。     

神经肽Y对实验性变态反应性脑脊髓炎豚鼠血清白介素水平的影响

目的观察神经肽Y(NPY)对实验性变态反应性脑脊髓炎(EAE)豚鼠血清白介素(IL)水平的影响。方法30只豚鼠随机分为正常对照组、EAE组、NPY组;NPY组制模前侧脑室注射NPY;预处理1周后将大鼠脊髓匀浆注入EAE组及NPY组豚鼠足垫制作EAE模型;每日进行神经功能障碍评分;观察造模后各组EAE发病率、发病潜伏期;在病情高峰期检测各组豚鼠血清IL-1β、IL-2、IL-4、IL-6、IL-8水平,并进行神经组织病理学检查。结果(1)EAE组及NPY组发病率分别为100%和90%;发病潜伏期分别为(10.0±4.8)d和(25.4±12.6)d;病情高峰期神经功能障碍评分分别为(3.60±0.52)分和(1.80±1.14)分;两组间差异有统计学意义(均P<0.01)。(2)与正常对照组比较,EAE组和NPY组豚鼠病情高峰期血清IL-1β、IL-2、IL-6、IL-8水平明显升高,IL-4水平明显降低(均P<0.05);与EAE组比较,NPY组病情高峰期血清IL-4水平明显增高,IL-2水平明显降低(均P<0.05)。(3)神经病理学检查显示NPY组神经组织血管周围炎症细胞浸润和髓鞘脱失改变较EAE组明显减...     

黏附分子CD44在实验性自身免疫性脑脊髓炎中的作用

目的探讨黏附分子CD44在实验性自身免疫性脑脊髓炎(EAE)发病中的作用。方法将20只大鼠随机分为正常对照组及EAE组,EAE组采用粗制髓鞘碱性蛋白(MBP)抗原注入大鼠后足掌皮下(0. 2 ml/100 g)制作EAE模型,观察大鼠的发病情况及病理表现;并采用免疫组织化学法检测两组大鼠脑组织CD44的含量。结果正常对照组大鼠未发病,EAE组大鼠均有不同程度的发病。HE染色后,光镜下观察,正常对照组大鼠脑和脊髓无异常; EAE组大鼠可见脑及脊髓实质内小血管充血,小静脉周围有大量炎性细胞浸润,血管周围白质脱髓鞘改变。免疫组化显示,正常对照组大鼠脑和脊髓组织未发现CD44阳性细胞; EAE组大鼠中枢神经系统(CNS)白质及灰白质交界处可见大量CD44阳性细胞。结论 EAE模型中存在黏附分子CD44的高表达,其对EAE的发病可能起到促进作用。     

特殊染色鉴定小剂量豚鼠脊髓匀浆诱导Wistar大鼠实验性自身免疫性脑脊髓炎模型的价值

目的特殊染色鉴定小剂量豚鼠脊髓匀浆诱导Wistar大鼠实验性自身免疫性脑脊髓炎模型的价值,并观察其病理的改变。方法按脊髓重量与冰盐水体积之比为1:5的比例制备豚鼠脊髓匀浆抗原,免疫Wistar大鼠,建立EAE模型;组织切片进行HE染色,三色染色,髓鞘碱性蛋白(MBP)及神经微丝(NF)免疫组化,光镜下观察病理改变。结果Wistar大鼠免疫后第16.07±4.25天发病,发病形式多样,除表现EAE经典症状外,尚出现痉挛状态、斜颈等特殊症状。HE染色发现神经组织内炎细胞浸润,血管"袖套"样病灶形成;三色染色可见轴突肿胀,呈串珠状,且不连续,着色不均匀;髓鞘结构层次紊乱,疏松,崩解;MBP及NF免疫组化研究发现病变组织内白质脱髓鞘及轴突损伤。结论三色染色结合MBP、NF免疫组化检测,较常规HE染色更能直接地、准确地显示EAE大鼠的病理变化,可推广应用。     

实验性自身免疫性脑脊髓炎大鼠听神经损害研究

目的建立实验性自身免疫性脑脊髓炎(experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis,EAE)大鼠模型,研究其脑干听觉诱发电位(brainstem auditory evoked potential,BAEP)Ⅰ波和听神经组织学改变。方法40只Wistar大鼠分为实验组和对照组,实验组(EAE组)用含卡介苗的豚鼠全脊髓匀浆为抗原免疫Wistar大鼠建立EAE动物模型,对照组用生理盐水混合完全福氏佐剂注射,采用诱发电位仪检测EAE组急性发病的大鼠和对照组大鼠的BAEP,通过透射电镜观察发病大鼠听神经外周段组织学改变。结果急性发病实验组大鼠BAEP的Ⅰ波潜伏期较对照组显著延长(P<0.01)。透射电镜下观察听神经外周段髓鞘松散,板层分离,局部变薄,呈不完全性脱髓鞘改变,轴突完整。对照组大鼠未见组织学改变。结论急性发病EAE大鼠听神经外周段脱髓鞘可能引起脑干听觉诱发电位Ⅰ波的改变。     

载脂蛋白E拟肽对实验性自身免疫性脑脊髓炎小鼠脑脊髓CD4+、CD8+T淋巴细胞表达的影响

目的 探讨载脂蛋白(Apo)E拟肽对实验性自身免疫性脑脊髓炎(EAE)小鼠脑脊髓CD4+、CD8+T淋巴细胞表达的影响.方法 40只C57BL/6J雌性小鼠随机分成EAE组、EAE治疗组、正常对照组、正常治疗组;采用髓鞘少突胶质细胞糖蛋白制备的完全抗原诱导EAE模型小鼠.免疫诱导次日,EAE治疗组和正常治疗组小鼠每隔2d皮下注射ApoE拟肽,EAE组和正常对照组小鼠皮下注射等量的生理盐水.免疫诱导后各组每日进行神经功能缺损评分(NDS);35 d后用免疫组化检测各组小鼠脑脊髓CD4+T细胞、CD8+T细胞的表达.结果 EAE治疗组NDS的峰值及终末评分显著低于EAE组(均P＜0.05).与正常对照组及正常治疗组比较,EAE组大脑、脑干和脊髓中CD4+T细胞数明显增高,大脑CD8+T细胞数明显增高(均P＜0.05).EAE治疗组小鼠大脑、脑干、脊髓组织CD4+T细胞表达显著低于EAE组(均P＜0.05);两组间CD8+T细胞表达水平的差异无统计学意义.结论 ApoE拟肽可抑制CD4+T细胞的表达,减轻免疫炎症反应,对EAE小鼠有神经保护作用;而对CD8+T细胞的表达无明显影响.     

雷公藤和地塞米松联合使用对实验性自身免疫性脑脊髓炎单核细胞趋化蛋白-1的影响

目的探讨雷公藤内脂醇(TRD)和地塞米松(DXM)联合使用对实验性自身免疫性脑脊髓炎(EAE)大鼠临床指标和单核细胞趋化蛋白(MCP)-1 mRNA的影响。方法用完全抗原和百日咳原液免疫大鼠后7 d随机分成6组即EAE组、TRD1组、TRD2组、TRD3组、DXM组和联合用药组,经其腹腔分别注射0.5 mL NS/d、10μg TRD/d、20μg TRD/d、40μg TRD/d1、mg DXM/d和20μg TRD 0.5 mg DXM/d。取脑和脊髓制成石蜡切片,进行HE和MCP-1 mRNA原位杂交(ISH)染色,比较各项临床指标。结果TRD3组、DXM组和联合组的发病率分别为15%、0、0,临床评分分别为(0.5±1.29)、0、0,MCP-1 mRNA阳性细胞数分别为(15±6)、(2±1)(、6±2),与EAE组、TRD1组、TRD2组[发病率分别为82%、60%、73%,临床评分分别为(3.5±1.72)、(2.25±2.00)、(2.5±1.88),MCP-1 mRNA阳性细胞数分别为(69±26)、(57±33)、(62±28)]比较均显著降低(P<0.01)。结论减少TRD和DXM药量并联合使用对EAE疗效显著,可为临床治疗多发性硬化(MS)提供理论基础。     

黏附分子CD44在实验性自身免疫性脑脊髓炎中的作用

目的 探讨黏附分子CD44在实验性自身免疫性脑脊髓炎（EAE）发病中的作用。方法 将20只大鼠随机分为正常对照组及EAE组,EAE组采用粗制髓鞘碱性蛋白（MBP）抗原注入大鼠后足掌皮下（0.2 ml/100 g）制作EAE模型,观察大鼠的发病情况及病理表现;并采用免疫组织化学法检测两组大鼠脑组织CD44的含量。结果 正常对照组大鼠未发病,EAE组大鼠均有不同程度的发病。HE染色后,光镜下观察,正常对照组大鼠脑和脊髓无异常;EAE组大鼠可见脑及脊髓实质内小血管充血,小静脉周围有大量炎性细胞浸润,血管周围白质脱髓鞘改变。免疫组化显示,正常对照组大鼠脑和脊髓组织未发现CD44阳性细胞;EAE组大鼠中枢神经系统（CNS）白质及灰白质交界处可见大量CD44阳性细胞。结论 EAE模型中存在黏附分子CD44的高表达,其对EAE的发病可能起到促进作用。     

木犀草素对实验性自身免疫性脑脊髓炎大鼠SPH/SPHK1/S1P1通路及神经元凋亡的影响

目的 探讨木犀草素(Luteolin)对实验性自身免疫性脑脊髓炎(Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis,EAE)大鼠神经酰胺-鞘氨醇(Sphingosine,SPH)/鞘氨醇激酶1(Sphingosine kinase 1,SPHK1)/1-磷酸鞘氨醇受体1(Sphingosine-1-phosphate 1,S1P1)通路蛋白表达水平及神经元凋亡的影响。方法 取雌性Wistar大鼠,采用注射豚鼠脊髓免疫抗原法建立EAE模型,将造模成功的50只大鼠随机分为模型(EAE)组,Luteolin低(5mg/kg)、中(25 mg/kg)、高(50 mg/kg)剂量组,芬戈莫德(FTY720)阳性对照组(61.7 mg/kg),每组各10只; 另取10只雌性Wistar大鼠,注射等量生理盐水,作为空白对照(Control)组; 各组于造模15 d后开始给药,Luteolin低、中、高剂量组经腹腔注射相应剂量Luteolin药物,芬戈莫德(FTY720)阳性对照组灌胃给予相应剂量的FTY720,EAE组和Control组灌胃和腹腔注射等量生理盐水,各组连续给药14 d,2次/d; 各组大鼠于末次给药12 h后对大鼠EAE临床症状进行评分; 取脊髓组织,用苏木精-伊红染色(Hematoxylin eosin,HE)及固蓝(Luxol fast blue,LFB)染色法检测大鼠髓鞘组织病理表现及脱髓鞘面积; 原位缺口末端转移酶标记法(TdT-mediated dUTP nick and labeling,TUNEL)法检测髓鞘组织中神经元的凋亡情况并计算凋亡率; 以蛋白免疫印迹法(Western Blot)检测髓鞘组织中通路蛋白SPHK,SPH,S1P1及凋亡蛋白半胱氨酸天冬氨酸蛋白酶-12(Cystein-asparate protease-12,Caspase-12)蛋白相对表达水平。结果 与Control组比较,EAE组大鼠EAE临床症状评分、脊髓组织炎性细胞浸润和髓鞘脱失程度、神经元凋亡率、髓鞘组织中SPH,SPHK1,S1P1及Caspase-12蛋白表达水平均升高(P<0.05); 与EAE组比较,Luteolin低、中、高剂量组及芬戈莫德(FTY720)阳性对照组大鼠EAE临床症状评分、脊髓组织炎性细胞浸润和髓鞘脱失程度、神经元凋亡率、髓鞘组织中SPH,SPHK1,S1P1及Caspase-12蛋白表达水平均降低(P<0.05),且Luteolin各剂量组上述指标水平呈剂量依赖性; Luteolin高剂量组与芬戈莫德(FTY720)阳性对照组的上述指标水平均无明显差异(P>0.05)。结论 Luteolin可能通过抑制EAE模型大鼠髓鞘组织SPHK,SPH,S1P1蛋白表达来抑制EAE大鼠脱髓鞘病变及神经元凋亡。     

载脂蛋白E拟肽对EAE小鼠的髓鞘和轴突损伤的影响

目的探讨载脂蛋白E(ApoE)拟肽对实验性自身免疫性脑脊髓炎(EAE)小鼠中枢神经系统髓鞘脱失和轴突损伤的影响。方法以髓鞘少突胶质细胞糖蛋白多肽(MOG35-55)为抗原建立EAE模型。将40只雌性C57BL/6J小鼠随机分为4组,即正常组、EAE组、正常治疗组和EAE治疗组,两个治疗组皮下注射ApoE拟肽。免疫组化法检测髓鞘碱性蛋白(MBP)和神经丝轻链(NF-L)的表达。结果 EAE治疗组中脑和脊髓的MBP和NF-L的表达均高于EAE组(P<0.05)。结论 ApoE拟肽可能对EAE的髓鞘和轴突的损伤有保护作用。     

Induction of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in guinea pigs using myelin basic protein and myelin glycolipids

Strain 13 guinea pigs were immunized with galactocerebroside, asialo-GM1 (GA1) or GM4 ganglioside in association with myelin basic protein (MBP) in complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) to produce experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). The clinical and pathological features, serum antibodies, and lipid compositions of affected brains and spinal cords were compared with those of guinea pigs immunized with MBP, in CFA, alone. Perivascular demyelination was seen in brains from all guinea pigs immunized with GA1/MBP. The incidence and degree of demyelination in this group were significantly higher than in the group immunized with only MBP. The onset of EAE was slightly, but significantly, retarded in groups of animals immunized with GM4/MBP and there was no detectable demyelination. Otherwise, no significant differences were detected between groups. Augmentation of EAE by myelin glycolipids may provide some important clues in understanding the mechanism of demyelinating diseases.     

马索罗酚对实验性自身免疫性脑脊髓炎小鼠Th1/Th2细胞炎症因子平衡的影响

目的探讨马索罗酚对实验性自身免疫性脑脊髓炎(EAE)小鼠白细胞介素-4(IL-4)、IL-12、干扰素-γ(IFN-γ)表达的调节作用。方法将8~10周雌性C57BL/6小鼠54只随机分成对照组、模型组、治疗组。每组再随机均分为发病后10d及20d亚组,每亚组9只。采用皮下注射髓鞘少突胶质细胞糖蛋白35-55(MOG35-55)多肽0.1mL诱导EAE模型。自发病当天起,治疗组小鼠给予马索罗酚10mg/(kg·d)治疗,模型组及对照组给予等量5%二甲基亚砜(DMSO)10mL/(kg·d)处理。比较3组小鼠临床症状评分。应用实时定量PCR检测小鼠脊髓和脾组织中IL-4、IL-12、IFN-γmRNA表达水平。应用ELISA检测脑组织中IL-4、IL-12、IFN-γ蛋白表达水平。结果与模型组比较,治疗组小鼠临床症状较减轻(P0.05)。与模型组相比,治疗组小鼠10d时脊髓和脾组织IL-12、IFN-γmRNA表达水平降低(P0.05),IL-4mRNA水平增高(P0.05),脑组织IL-12、IFN-γ蛋白水平降低(P0.05),IL-4蛋白水平增高(P0.05);与模型组相比,治疗组20d时脊髓组织IL-12、IFN-γmRNA表达水平降低(P0.05),脑组织IFN-γ含量降低(P0.05)。结论马索罗酚可能通过降低脑、脊髓及脾组织中IL-12、IFN-γ表达,增加IL-4表达,调节Th1/Th2细胞炎症因子平衡,进而改善EAE小鼠疾病严重程度。     

法舒地尔对EAE小鼠血-脑屏障功能的保护作用及机制研究

目的探讨法舒地尔(Fasudil)对实验性自身免疫性脑脊髓炎(EAE)的血-脑屏障(BBB)保护机制。方法采用MOG_(35-55)肽段诱导C57BL/6小鼠建立EAE模型,于免疫后第3天起Fasudil组腹腔注射Fasudil[40mg/(kg·d)]干预,EAE组注射等量生理盐水,持续至免疫后第20天。于免疫后第7d、14d、21d采集小鼠脑和脊髓标本,行HE染色、脱髓鞘染色和免疫荧光染色;测定脑和脊髓伊文思蓝(EB)的渗透量;采用Western blot法检测脑内细胞紧密连接蛋白Occludin和ZO-1表达情况。结果与EAE组相比,Fasudil组小鼠中枢神经系统(CNS)炎性细胞计数和髓鞘脱失面积均明显减少[分别98.00±33.15 vs.417.70±78.89,t=3.736,P0.05;(11.38±1.09)%vs.(38.21±7.94)%,t=3.473,P0.05]。在免疫后14d、21d,Fasudil组脑和脊髓内EB渗透量均低于EAE组(脑:9.04±0.15 vs.9.93±0.25,t=5.776,P0.05;9.09±0.089 vs.9.83±0.22,t=3.116,P0.05;脊髓:17.28±0.38 vs.21.33±2.21,t=7.782,P0.05;16.48±0.71 vs.21.77±0.17,t=7.256,P0.01)。与EAE组相比,Fasudil组小鼠脑内细胞紧密连接蛋白Occludin表达上调(7d:0.068±0.045 vs.0.127±0.022,t=6.026,P0.05),14d:0.185±0.011 vs.0.233±0.014,t=2.609,P0.05,21d:0.248±0.021 vs.0.364±0.121,t=2.834,P0.01)和ZO-1(7d:2.013±0.073 vs.2.404±0.256,t=1.467,P0.05;14d:1.783±0.129 vs.2.003±0.184,t=2.409,P0.05;21d:1.332±0.052 vs.1.674±0.023,t=6.026,P0.01)。结论 Fasudil可能通过抑制小鼠脑内细胞紧密连接蛋白Occludin和ZO-1的下调而保护BBB的完整性。     

氯喹对EAE模型小鼠神经元损伤的影响

目的观察氯喹对实验性自身免疫性脑脊髓炎(EAE)小鼠脊髓神经元存活的影响,并探讨相关机制。方法采用髓鞘少突胶质细胞糖蛋白35-55(MOG35-55)诱导C57BL/6小鼠建立EAE模型,造模成功后给予氯喹干预。应用Knoz法进行临床评分,脊髓腰膨大节段石蜡包埋、冠状切片,行苏木精-伊红、LFB和Nissl染色,分别观察各组小鼠脊髓炎症反应、髓鞘脱失和神经元存活情况。脊髓腰膨大冷冻切片,行免疫荧光双标染色。同时提取脊髓腰膨大组织蛋白检测凋亡相关蛋白表达。结果氯喹缓解EAE小鼠临床症状,减轻脊髓炎性细胞浸润、髓鞘脱失、以及神经元死亡和损伤。与对照组相比,氯喹治疗组脊髓Bax水平降低,Bcl-2水平升高,Bax/Bcl-2比值降低。Neu N与Bcl-2荧光共定位明显增强。结论氯喹可能通过调节中枢神经系统前凋亡蛋白水平、上调神经元Bcl-2表达,从而减轻EAE小鼠神经元损伤以及神经功能缺失症状,发挥神经保护作用。     

Interferon γ, interleukin 4 and transforming growth factor β in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in lewis rats: Dynamics of cellular mrna expression in the central nervous system and lymphoid cells

The potential role of certain important immunoregulatory and effector cytokines in autoimmune neuroinflammation have been studied. We have examined the expression of mRNA, with in situ hybridization, of interferon -γ (IFN-γ), interleukin 4 (IL-4) and transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) both in sections of spinal cords and the antigen-induced expression of these cytokines by lymphoid cells after stimulation with a dominant encephalitogenic peptide of MBP (MBP 63–88) during the course of actively induced experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) in Lewis rats. In spinal cords, the target organ in EAE, cells expressing mRNA for IFN-γ, first appeared at the onset of clinical signs, i.e., day 10 postimmunization (p.i.), peaked at the height of disease (day 13 p.i.), and then gradually decreased concomitant with recovery. Very few IL-4 mRNA-expressing cells appeared in the spinal cord with no clear relation to clinical signs or histopathology. In contrast, expression of mRNA for TGF-β did not increase until day 13 p.i., at height of the disease, shortly preceding recovery. These data are consistent with a disease upregulating role of IFN-γ, while TGF-β may act to limit central nervous system (CNS) inflammation. In lymphoid organs, primed MBP 63–88 reactive T cells showed an interesting time-dependent evolution of their cytokine production in vitro. Thus, early after immunization there was a conspicuous MBP 63–88-induced production of both IFN-γ and IL-4. Such cells may act in the initiation and promotion of the disease. Later, in the recovery phase, MBP 63–88 induced lymphoid cells to TGF-β production. Thus, an autoantigen-specific production of TGF-β occurred during EAE and hypothetically such a mechanism may serve to downregulate aggressive autoimmunity systemically. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

Expression of citrullinated proteins in murine experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis

In this study, we demonstrate for the first time the immunohistochemical expression of citrullinated proteins in the central nervous system (CNS) of mice with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG)-induced experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). By using an established monoclonal antibody (F95) against natural and synthetic citrullinated proteins (Nicholas and Whitaker [2002] Glia 37:328-336), numerous, small, previously unrecognized "patches" of citrullinated proteins were discovered throughout EAE brains, whereas EAE spinal cords showed similar but much larger lesions. On dual color immunofluorescence, these lesions were found to contain citrullinated myelin basic protein (MBP) and were surrounded by astrocytes immunoreactive for both glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and F95. These lesions became evident about the time when EAE mice became symptomatic and increased in size and number with increasing disease severity. In some sections of spinal cord but not brains of severely debilitated EAE mice, a widespread gliotic response was seen, with astrocytes containing citrullinated GFAP spread throughout the gray and white matter. Western blot analysis of acidic proteins from the brains and spinal cords of EAE mice had higher levels of multiple citrullinated GFAP isoforms compared with controls, with more F95-positive bands in the EAE brains vs. spinal cords. These results raise the possibility that citrullination of both GFAP and MBP may contribute to the pathophysiology of EAE and that the brains of EAE mice may contain more pathology than previously realized.     

不同剂量甲泼尼龙治疗实验性变态反应性脑脊髓炎大鼠的疗效及其与大鼠脊髓糖皮质激素受体亚型表达的关系

目的探讨不同剂量甲泼尼龙(MP)治疗实验性变态反应性脑脊髓炎(EAE)大鼠的疗效及其与大鼠脊髓糖皮质激素受体(GR)亚型表达的关系。方法健康雌性Wistar大鼠28只,随机分为大剂量MP治疗组(8只)、小剂量MP治疗组(8只)、EAE模型组(7只)和正常对照组(5只)。大、小剂量MP治疗组及EAE模型组接种豚鼠全脊髓制成的抗原乳剂,制作EAE模型。免疫接种后每日对大鼠进行神经功能缺损评分。接种后第12 d,大、小剂量MP治疗组分别予以MP 100 mg/(kg.d)或25 mg/(kg.d)尾静脉注射,连续3d后减半量再给药2 d;EAE模型组及正常对照组大鼠予等容量生理盐水。给药结束后次日,采用免疫组化法检测大鼠脊髓组织GRα及GRβ的表达。结果两MP治疗组大鼠治疗后的神经功能缺损评分比治疗前明显降低(均P<0.01);并且明显低于EAE模型组(均P<0.001),但两组间差异无统计学意义。大、小剂量MP治疗组大鼠脊髓组织GRα表达均明显低于EAE模型组与正常对照组(P<0.05～0.01);各组大鼠脊髓组织GRβ表达的差异无统计学意义。相关性分析显示,EAE大鼠治疗前后神经功能缺损评分的差值与脊髓组织GRα、GRβ的表达不相关,与GRα/GRβ比值呈正相关(r=0.550,P=0.027)。结论 MP治疗EAE大鼠的疗效与剂量无关,而与脊髓组织GRα/GRβ比值有关。     

Bone morphogenetic proteins 4, 6, and 7 are up-regulated in mouse spinal cord during experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis

Although spontaneous remyelination occurs in multiple sclerosis (MS), the extent of myelin repair is often inadequate to restore normal function. Oligodendrocyte precursors remaining in nonremyelinating MS plaques may be restricted by an inhibitory signal. Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) have been implicated as repressors of oligodendrocyte development and inducers of astrogliogenesis. We hypothesized that BMPs are up-regulated in MS lesions and play a role in demyelination and astrogliosis. We examined expression of BMPs in an animal model of MS, chronic experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) induced by the myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) peptide in C57BL/6 mice. By 14 days postimmunization, compared to those of control mice, the lumbar spinal cords of MOG-peptide EAE mice demonstrated prominent astrogliosis, infiltration of inflammatory cells, and disrupted expression of myelin proteins. Quantitative RT-PCR showed that expression of BMP4, BMP6, and BMP7 mRNA increased 2- to 4-fold in the lumbar spinal cords of animals with symptomatic EAE versus in vehicle-treated and untreated controls on days 14, 21, and 42 postimmunization. BMP2 mRNA expression was not altered. BMP4 mRNA was much more abundant in the spinal cords of all animals than was mRNA encoding BMP2, BMP6, and BMP7. Immunoblot analysis confirmed the increased expression of BMP4 in the EAE animals. Immunohistochemistry revealed increased BMP4 immunoreactivity in areas of inflammation in MOG-peptide EAE animals. BMP4 labeling was mostly limited to macrophages but was sometimes associated with astrocytes and oligodendrocytes. These results indicate that members of the BMP family are differentially expressed in adult spinal cord and are up-regulated during EAE. (c) 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc.