吗啡吸入成瘾大鼠模型的建立

目的建立吗啡吸入成瘾大鼠模型,从而减少进行功能影像学检测时的干扰因素,更好地了解成瘾强化环路。方法将30只SD雄性大鼠随机分成吸入对照组、吸入成瘾组以及注射成瘾组,利用超声雾化吸入的方式建立吸入成瘾模型,将该模型与吸入对照组、注射成瘾组进行戒断反应对比,并将吸入组各组大鼠尿液、血液样本进行吗啡检测。结果吸入成瘾组各戒断反应与吸入对照组相比具有显著性差异,P<0.01;吸入成瘾组与注射成瘾组戒断反应比较无明显显著性差异;尿检及血液吗啡胶体金法检测,吸入成瘾组吗啡定性阳性。结论通过超声雾化吸入的方式建立吗啡吸入成瘾大鼠模型是切实可行的。     

吗啡成瘾大鼠脑电图的频谱信号分析

在系统观察大鼠吗啡成瘾不同阶段脑电图时我们发现大鼠成瘾后脑电图有特殊改变，表现为波形、频率及幅度的变异。为了考察该变化的含义，我们将经过A/D转换记录与贮存于计算机内的大鼠脑电图信息依频率(H2)分为0-0．5、0．5-4、4-8、8-13、13-40、40-50等6个频段，采用频谱分析方法对大鼠脑电图各频段能量分布情况进行分析，     

肺炎支原体脑炎53例脑电活动分析

支原体脑炎是肺炎支原体 (MP)肺炎最常见的神经系统并发症 ,国外报道约占全部支原体感染的 0 .1% ,约占支原体感染住院病例的 7%。国内报道发生率约为 2 .6 %～8.3% [1] 。为探讨脑电图 (EEG)与脑电地形图 (BEAM)在支原体脑炎中的表现特点及诊断意义 ,现将我院经住院确诊的5 3例支原体脑炎患儿脑电图及脑电地形图的改变回顾性分析如下。1　资料和方法1 1　临床资料本组 5 3例中 ,女 2 0例 ,男 33例 ;<3岁 11例 ,～ 6岁 9例 ,>6岁 33例 ,最小 11月 ,最大 13岁。在MP呼吸道感染的基础上 ,临床上出现脑损害的症状和体征 ,脑脊液检查结果符…     

吗啡对离体兔小肠平滑肌电变化及环肌和纵肌收缩活动的影响

本实验同时观察吗啡对离体兔十二指肠平滑肌电活动,肠腔内压变化以及纵肌收缩活动三方面的影响。结果显示:吗啡可使离体兔十二指肠节律性环肌收缩加强,纵肌收缩减弱,以及平滑肌峰电位幅度,数量和峰电位发生率增加。吗啡的小肠兴奋作用可被纳洛酮或阿托品阻断。吗啡对纵肌的抑制作用不被心得安阻断,但可被酚妥拉明减弱。实验结果表明吗啡对兔小肠环肌和纵肌作用相反,它兴奋环肌,抑制纵肌。吗啡是通过肠道阿片受体起作用的。乙酰胆碱参与了吗啡对小肠的作用。     

氯氮平对精神分裂症患者脑电活动的影响

近年来，氯氮平引起精神分裂症患者脑电活动的改变．已有较多文献报道．并取得较大进展。本研究的目的在于观察精神分裂症患者服用不同剂量氯氮平后脑电活动的变化情况，现将51例患者的脑电图(EEG)检查结果报告如下。     

吗啡慢性处理及戒断后不同时期大鼠海马脑源性神经营养因子与trkB表达的变化

目的:观察吗啡慢性处理及戒断后不同时期大鼠海马内脑源性神经营养因子(BDNF)与trkB的表达.方法: 实验组雄性成年SD大鼠以剂量递增的方法连续腹腔注射吗啡10d,每天2次.动物在戒断后0、1、7、14d和21d处死.对照组动物注射等量生理盐水,按同样方法处理.用免疫组织化学方法(ABC法)检测海马CA1区BDNF与trkB的表达.用Motic 3.2图像分析系统测定免疫阳性产物的平均光密度值.结果: 实验组BDNF免疫阳性产物的平均光密度值在戒断后0、1、7、14d和21d分别低于相应对照组,差异具有统计学意义,以戒断后14d下降最为明显.实验组trkB免疫阳性产物的平均光密度值在戒断后0、1、7、14d和21d分别也低于相应对照组,差异具有统计学意义.结论: 大鼠慢性吗啡成瘾及戒断后不同时间点BDNF与trkB在海马CA1区的表达明显下降,这种下降可能与大鼠吗啡成瘾及戒断后不同时期的行为学变化有关.     

新生大鼠脑缺血后脑室下区基因表达谱的生物信息学分析

目的建立3日龄大鼠脑缺血模型,采用基因芯片分析新生大鼠未成熟脑缺血损伤后脑室下区(SVZ)基因表达谱的变化。方法同窝3日龄大鼠随机分为实验组和对照组,采用双侧颈总动脉结扎法制备缺血性脑损伤模型,于不同时点取SVZ组织,采用Affymetrix Rat230 2.0基因表达谱芯片观察SVZ基因表达变化,芯片数据分别用3种不同方法分析,并用实时PCR方法验证芯片结果。结果①通过差异基因筛选,发现3日龄大鼠脑缺血损伤后SVZ有17个基因发生表达变化,其中上调基因10个,下调基因7个,这些基因参与多种功能的调节。②基于基因功能的表达趋势分析显示,在所有参与增殖、凋亡功能的基因中,转化生长因子-β(TGF-β)在3日龄大鼠脑缺血损伤后SVZ微环境基因表达变化中起枢纽作用。实时PCR验证结果显示,TGF-β1及Smad2于缺血后1、4和7 d表达均上升,7 d达高峰。③在参与Wnt、TGF、BMP和血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)通路所有基因组成的基因功能相似性网络中,有13个基因在网络中起核心调控作用,构成信号通路串话节点。结论新生大鼠在脑缺血损伤后SVZ微环境中,参与神经新生的BMP、TGF、VEGF和Wnt通路间的串话...     

吗啡成瘾戒断对大鼠海马CA1区P-CREB表达的影响

目的探讨吗啡成瘾戒断后大鼠海马CA1区P-CREB的表达变化。方法48只健康雄性成年SD大鼠,随机分为实验组和对照组:实验组腹腔注射吗啡起始剂量5mg/kg,1d2次,逐日递增,连续10d;对照组:以生理盐水代替吗啡。停药后7d、14d和21d处死。用免疫组织化学方法(ABC法)检测海马CA1区P-CREB的表达,图像分析系统测定阳性反应产物的平均灰度值。结果P-CREB表达在7d、14d实验组与对照组相比表达上调(P<0.05),21d与对照组比较无显著差异(P>0.05)。结论海马CA1区CREB磷酸化在吗啡依赖的形成中发挥作用。     

脑电地形图的临床应用

脑电地形图(Brain Atlas,BA)是80年代问世的一项具有国际先进水平的临床医学、电子工程学和计算机学相结合的新兴科学。是继CT和MRI(磁共振成像)技术之后,又一成像技术的重大发展,是基于电子计算机分析脑生物电的一种新的诊断技术。它既可进行功能诊断,又可协助进     

五音乐曲对精神分裂症脑电活动率的影响

目的 :观察五音乐曲刺激对精神分裂症患者脑电活动产生的影响。方法 :选取 2 0例精神分裂症患者和 10名正常对照 ,分别记录安静时段及聆听五音乐曲时段的脑电图 ,将脑电信号转化为功率数值 ,将 β/α定义为脑电活动率。 结果 :1、正常人与精神分裂症患者的脑电活动率在安静状态差异无显著性 (P >0 0 5 )。在听乐曲时患者的脑电活动率在C3、T3、T4、T5导联中 ,明显高于正常人 (P <0 0 5 )。 2、正常人在安静状态和听乐曲时其左右脑脑电活动率差异无显著性 (P >0 0 5 )。精神分裂症患者在安静状态左右脑脑电活动率在O1、O2及T5、T6导联间差异有显著意义 (P <0 0 5 ) ,并且听乐曲时在P3、P4和C3、C4以及F7、F8导联间差异有显著意义 (P <0 0 5 )。结论 :在五音乐曲的刺激下 ,精神分裂症患者的脑电反应与正常人不同。     

Prefrontal and tegmental electrical activity during olfactory stimulation in virgin and lactating rats

This study was designed to analyze if the electroencephalographic (EEG) activity of the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and the ventral tegmental area (VTA) was modified throughout various reproductive stages of female rats exposed to pup-associated or non-associated odors. Simultaneous EEG recordings were obtained from right and left mPFC and VTA in adult female rats during the smelling of nest bedding and female bedding under three reproductive states: proestrus-estrus (P-E), diestrus (D) and lactation (L). Absolute (AP) and relative (RP) powers of three EEG band frequencies, and interhemispheric correlation (r) of EEG activity were calculated and compared among conditions. During the awake-quiet condition, RP of the 12-21 Hz band was significantly higher in the right and left mPFC as well as in the right VTA of lactating rats as compared to P-E rats. During the smelling of nest bedding, the RP of the 8-11 Hz in the mPFC became increased while that of the 6-7 and 12-21 Hz decreased in the three reproductive stages. In the VTA, this phenomenon was mainly observed in lactating rats. Only the RP of the lower frequencies (6-7 and 8-11 Hz bands) was higher in the right mPFC and in the left and right VTA, respectively, of the lactating rats with respect to P-E rats, while that of the 12-21 Hz band was lower in lactating as compared to P-E rats. Moreover, the interprefrontal correlation of the lower-frequency bands was higher in relation to smelling of nest bedding in diestrus and lactating rats, whereas during the smelling of female bedding the correlation of the 6-7 Hz band was increased only in the diestrus rats as compared to P-E rats. These data indicate that EEG activity recording is a sensitive tool to study the functionality of the mPFC and VTA during different reproductive states and suggest the possible participation of these structures in the processing of olfactory stimuli associated to pups to modulate the motivational and performance processes, crucial for the expression of maternal behavior.     

Ultrastructural changes associated with reversible and irreversible suppression of electrical activity in olfactory cortex slices

Summary The fine structure and electrical activity were studied in thin brain sections prepared from the olfactory cortex of the guinea pig and incubated in vitro in standard and modified conditions. In the standard medium, the potential response was maintained with no marked changes for 4–5 hours and thereafter gradually decreased. The ultrastructure of the tissue was well preserved for the initial 2 hours of incubation. After incubation for 5 hours, many empty spaces were noted. Some dendritic stumps lost fine internal structure, but most of the synapses were apparently normal. Cyanide suppressed the potential response, and caused swelling of the nerve terminals and a decrease in the number of synaptic vesicles. The recovery of the response in the standard medium was not accompanied by a full restoration in the fine structure. If slices were incubated in the absence of glucose and oxygen, with cyanide in glucose-free medium, or at a low temperature, the potential response was irreversibly depressed. In these slices, numerous wide spaces of low electron density were noted which were concluded to have been derived, at least partly, from the swollen dendrites.Dedicated to Professor Toshihiko Tokizane on the occasion of his 60th birthday.     

Epileptiform activity in the somatosensory cortex of rats with trigeminal neuralgia

Laboratory of Pathophysiology of Pain, Research Institute of General Pathology and Pathological Physiology, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow. Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 114, No. 8, pp. 126–128, August, 1992.     

Effect of sensitization on muscle electrical activity in the lower respiratory tract of rats

No. 2 Department of Internal Medicine, First Leningrad Medical Institute. Leningrad University. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR A. D. Ado.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 111, No. 3, pp. 297–299, March, 1991.     

Character of formation of a generator of pathologically enhanced excitation (epileptic focus) in the rat sensomotor cortex during repetitive electrical stimulation

Laboratory of General Pathology of the Nervous System, Research Institute of General Pathology and Pathological Physiology, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR, Moscow. Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 112, No. 9, pp. 234–237, September, 1991.     

Changes in cerebral cortical electrical activity in rats with compression of the infraorbital nerve

Laboratory of Pathophysiology of Pain and Laboratory of General Pathology of the Nervous System, Research Institute of General Pathology and Pathological Physiology, Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow. Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 113, No. 5, pp. 458–459, May, 1992.     

Dexamethasone induced changes of neural activity in the auditory cortex of rats

Previous studies have suggested that elevation of glucocorticoid level can alter auditory processing and may have relevance for auditory hallucinations. However, the neural mechanism underlying the glucocorticoid induced sensory change remains unclear. To examine the effects of glucocorticoid on the neuronal spike activities of sensory cortex, we topically applied dexamethasone (DEX), a glucocorticoid receptor agonist, to the auditory cortical surface of rats while recording single-unit extracellular spike activities in response to sound stimuli. Our major findings are: (1) a topical administration of DEX increased the cortical neural responses to pure-tone stimuli from 10 to 60 min after administration, while the peak response enhancement occurred at 20–30 min; (2) DEX not only markedly increased the magnitude of tone-evoked responses, but also extended the response duration and the frequency range of the neural responses; (3) the enhancement of neural responses was more salient at the higher frequency band; (4) the ratio of spontaneous firing rate between post- and pre-administration was negatively correlated with the unit's spontaneous firing rate before treatment. Our data confirm that DEX can modulate the neural activity at the cortical level and provide more information for understanding the mechanism of glucocorticoid-induced alterations in auditory processing.     

海洛因诱导的条件性位置偏爱大鼠额叶联络皮层脑电的无线遥测及其分析

目的:利用条件性位置偏爱(CPP)视频系统结合脑电无线遥测技术,记录海洛因诱导的CPP大鼠额叶联络皮层(FrA)区的脑电变化,分析其与觅药行为之间的关系。方法:对大鼠FrA区进行脑立体定位电极埋藏,并分成对照组和海洛因诱导CPP组,后者制作海洛因依赖模型。利用无线遥测技术,分别记录2组大鼠黑白箱停留、黑-白穿梭和白-黑穿梭时大鼠FrA区脑电变化,分析其各波相对功率和百分比的差异。结果:海洛因诱导的CPP组大鼠黑白箱停留时遥测脑电各波相对功率和百分比,与对照组比较无显著差异(P>0.05),但海洛因诱导的CPP大鼠穿梭时左侧FrA脑电波呈现δ波减少、β波和β₂波增加的改变(P<0.05,P<0.01),尤以黑-白箱穿梭明显,而对照组大鼠穿梭时则表现出截然相反的脑电变化。结论:大鼠左侧FrA区慢波减少、快波增加的特异性改变,可能与海洛因诱导的CPP大鼠戒断状态下穿梭觅药行为及其动机形成有关。     

Baseline and evoked spike activity in neurons in embryonic transplants of the somatosensory cortex in rats

The aim of the present work was to study the nature of the baseline and evoked spike activity of neurons in embryonic transplants four months after homotopic allotransplantation into the whisker representation zone of the somatosensory cortex of the recipient rat brain (the barrel field). These studies showed that the instantaneous mean spike frequency of neuron activity was decreased in neural transplants as compared with the somatosensory cortex of control rats, while the latent period of evoked cell activity was longer. In addition, the pattern of evoked activity in transplant neurons was characterized by an increased frequency of spike generation or alternation of periods of activation and decreased spike frequency with subsequent recovery to the initial level, this being similar to the pattern seen in neurons in the whisker representation zone of the somatosensory cortex in control rats. __________ Translated from Rossiiskii Fiziologicheskii Zhurnal imeni I. M. Sechenova, Vol. 91, No. 5, pp. 473–480, May, 2005.     

Iso-renin secretion from rat brain cortex slices in vitro under the influence of ions and electrical stimulation

Summary The aim of this study was to obtain additional data concerning the influence of changes in osmolarity and ionic composition on iso-renin secretion from rat brain cortex slices. The slices were isolated and superfused in vitro according to the technique of Pull and McIlwain (1972). The secretion of iso-renin was strongly stimulated by an increase of Na⁺ concentration. Iso-renin output almost doubled upon raising NaCl from 120 to 240 mM. Decrease of the NaCl concentration to 60 mM resulted in a reduced isorenin secretion while addition of tetrodotoxin (TTX) (60 M) did not significantly alter the iso-renin content of brain slices. Changes in osmotic pressure were without significant influence. Electrical stimulation or elevation of extracellular K⁺ concentrations enhanced iso-renin secretion. Furthermore, Ca²⁺ ions seem to increase both the content and the release of cerebral iso-renin.