用正相高效液相色谱法测定人血浆中奥沙西泮浓度的效果观察

目的：探讨用高效液相色谱法测定人血浆中奥沙西泮浓度的效果。方法：用乙醚萃取血浆样品。在55℃的水浴中将血浆样品用氮气吹干，用甲醇对血浆样品的残留物进行溶解。进行实验使用的色谱柱为氰基键合相色谱柱，其流动相是正己烷-甲醇-无水乙醇（比例为：80比17比3，V/V/V），其流速为：1.10 ml·min-1，其紫外检测波长为：230 nm，其柱温为30℃。结果：奥沙西泮在0.02～5.0 mg·L-1的范围内其线形关系良好，Y=7.163×10-3＋1.030C（r＝0.9996），其方法回收率接近100%，其日内RSD和日间RSD均≤2%（n＝5）。结论：用高效液相色谱法测定人血浆中奥沙西泮浓度的准确率高。此检测方法是可行的。     

高效液相色谱法测定隐球菌性脑膜炎患者脑脊液中两性霉素B和伊曲康唑含量

 目的 建立人脑脊液(CSF)中两性霉素B(AmB)和伊曲康唑(ITZ)含量测定的高效液相色谱方法(HPLC)，并用于隐球菌性脑膜炎患者脑脊液样品的测定。 方法 脑脊液样品经固相萃取(SPE)后直接进样。AmB测定采用Gemini 5w C18柱，流动相为5mmol/L乙二胺四乙酸二钠(醋酸调pH至4.5)/乙腈(62/38，V/V)，流速0.3mL/min，DAD检测器：检测波长410nm。ITZ测定采用YMC C18柱，流动相为0.2%三氟乙酸/乙腈(45/55,V/V)，流速1.1mL/min，荧光检测器：激发波长260nm，发射波长365nm。 结果 AmB和ITZ的线性范围均为5ng/mL~100ng/mL，线性相关系数大于0.999，最低定量限为5ng/mL，低、中、高浓度质控样品在日内、日间精密度均小于7.6%。 结论 该方法灵敏、快速、简便，适用于隐球菌性脑膜炎患者治疗药物监测。     

高效液相色谱法测定小鼠血浆中黄芩苷含量及其药代动力学研究

目的：建立小鼠血浆中黄芩苷含量的高效液相色谱测定方法。方法：样品经甲醇沉淀蛋白,10 000 r/min离心5 min,取上清液进样。采用高效液相色谱法,Waters C18柱（150 nm×4.6 nm,5μm）,乙腈-水（含0.05%的磷酸）（75∶25,V/V）为流动相;检测波长278 nm,柱温30℃,流速1 mL/min。结果：黄芩苷在0.025~25μg/mL范围内线性良好,相关系数r=0.999 6;日内、日间精密度RSD均小于10%;回收率为86.87%~108.86%。结论：本方法简单、灵敏、准确,可用于黄芩苷在小鼠血浆中药代动力学研究。     

RP-HPLC法快速测定血清中头孢呋辛的浓度

目的：建立测定人血清中头孢呋辛浓度的反相高效液相色谱法。方法：采用uBondapakC18柱，V（乙酸盐缓冲液）：V（乙腈）＝75：25为流动相，咖啡因为内标，检测波长为272nm，流速为1.5mL/min， 柱温25 ℃。结果：线性范围在0.5-40mg/L,r=0.9997(n=7)，平均回收率为98.7%(RSD=10.3%,n=3)；日内RSD为2.4%，日间RSD为2.9%。结论：该方法简单、快速、准确。     

高效液相色谱法测定粮食中伏马菌素B1

目的建立伏马菌素B(1FB1)的高效液相色谱检测方法;了解辽宁地区玉米产品中FB1的污染状况。方法利用强离子交换固相提取柱(SPE柱)净化样品提取液,选用C18反相柱,以甲醇∶NaH2PO4为流动相,流速1ml/min;荧光检测器检测。结果1μg/ml、5μg/ml、10μg/ml3个加标浓度的回收率在71.77%～102.68%之间,平均回收率为84.72%,总变异系数为12.17%。检测78份玉米样品,阳性率为32.05%,阳性样品中FB1平均含量为(0.74±0.05)μg/g。结论建立了用高效液相色谱法检测FB1的方法;本实验检测结果提示辽宁地区玉米样品的FB1污染率较低。     

高效液相色谱法测定隐球菌性脑膜炎患者脑脊液中两性霉素B和伊曲康唑含量

目的建立人脑脊液（cerebrospinal fluid,CSF）中两性霉素B（amphotericin B,AmB）和伊曲康唑（itraconazole,ITZ）含量测定的高效液相色谱方法,并用于隐球菌性脑膜炎患者脑脊液样品的测定。方法脑脊液样品经固相萃取后直接进样。AraB测定采用Gemini5wC18柱,流动相为5mmol／L乙二胺四乙酸二钠（醋酸调pH至4．5）／乙腈（62／38,V/V）,流速0．3mL／min,DAD检测器;检测波长410nm。ITZ测定采用YMC C18柱,流动相为0．2％三氟乙酸／乙腈（45／55,V/V）,流速1．1mL／min,荧光检测器：激发波长260nm,发射波长365nm。结果AmB和ITZ的线性范围均为5ng／mL-100ng／mL,线性相关系数大于0．999,最低定量限为5ng／mL,低、中、高浓度质控样品在日内、日间精密度均小于7．6％。结论该方法灵敏、快速、简便,适用于隐球菌性脑膜炎患者治疗药物监测。     

柱前衍生-高效液相色谱法测定丙戊酸钠血药浓度

目的 建立柱前衍生-高效液相色谱法测定血清样品中丙戊酸钠的含量.方法 以Diamonsil C18（4.6×250mm 5μm）为色谱柱,流动相为甲醇-水（87：13,V/V）,检测波长为245nm;流速为1.0mL/min;柱温25℃.样品酸化提取后经α-溴代苯乙酮衍生化后分析,环己烷羧酸为内标.结果 标准曲线线性相关系数R为0.999 3,线性范围15.0～180.0μg/mL,平均回收率为103.2%,日内、日间相对标准差均小于10%,最低检出浓度为0.3μg/mL.结论 该方法简便、准确,适合于临床血药浓度监测.     

高效液相色谱法测定血浆中的阿替洛尔浓度

目的 :建立测定人血浆中阿替洛尔浓度的HPLC法。方法 :采用混合有机试剂 (氯仿∶异丙醇 ,75∶25,V/V)萃取样品中的药物 ,对干燥后的残渣用流动相复溶 ,应用高效液相色谱法分离 ,采用荧光检测器检测 (检测波长Ex=225nm ,Em=300nm)。流动相为乙腈∶水∶1mol/L磷酸缓冲液6∶89∶5(V/V/V) ,pH=4 ,流速1ml/min ,内标为美托洛尔。结果 :血浆中阿替洛尔在15.6～1000.0ng/ml范围内 ,药物浓度与峰面积比值呈良好的线性关系 (r=0.9996 ,RUN=3)。总回收率为98.78 %±7.96 %。日内和日间差异均小于10%。最低检出限为10ng/ml。结论 :用改进后的高效液相色谱法测定人血浆中阿替洛尔的浓度具有对样品纯化程度高、分析周期短等优点 ,实际应用效果良好     

双氯芬酸钠滴眼液有关物质检测方法研究

目的：建立双氯芬酸钠滴眼液有关物质高效液相色谱检查法.方法：以十八硅烷键合硅胶为填充剂;以0.03 mol/L磷酸溶液-0.2％醋酸（V/V）甲醇溶液（33∶67）为流动相;流速：1.0mL/min;柱温：室温;检测波长：222 nm;进样量：20μL.结果：该方法中有关物质之间及有关物质与主峰分离良好;检测限为0.1996ng;应在2h内完成测定.结论：该法操作简便、专属,能有效快速地控制产品质量.     

HPLC法测定痔特佳片中柚皮苷的含量

目的：建立高效液相色谱法测定痔特佳片中柚皮苷含量的方法。方法；样品用甲醇超声提取40分钟，测定条件的固定相为SpherisorbC18。流动相为甲醇-水-冰乙酸（35：60：5），检测波长为283nm。结果：平均加样回收率为98.55%,RSD=0.8%,n=5。结论：方法简便，快速，灵敏，专属性好，是制剂质量控制的有效方法。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.