163体外培养的人胸原上皮细胞与胸腺细胞的相互作用

人胸腺上皮细胞（ＴＥＣ）的体外培养和传代。使研究人ＴＥＣ的特性和功能成为可能。人ＴＥＣ体外培养成功的关键是抑制成纤维细胞的生长。体外培养的ＴＥＣ除表达角蛋外，还表达ＨＬＡ－Ｉ类抗原，ＬＦＡ－３，ＩＣＡＭ－１和ＣＤ４０等表面抗原；可分泌ＩＬ－１，ＩＬ－６，ＩＬ－８，ＧＭ＿ＣＳＦ，Ｇ＿ＣＳＦ和Ｍ＿ＣＳＦ等多种细胞因子和胸腺素；静息的胸腺细胞与ＴＥＣ的结合由ＣＤ２／ＬＦＡ－３介导，激活的胸腺细胞与ＴＥＣ     

体外培养的人胸腺上皮细胞与胸腺细胞的相互作用

人胸腺上皮细胞（ＴＥｃ）的体外培养和传代，使研究人ＴＥｃ的特性和功能成为可能。人ＴＥｃ体外培养成功的关键是抑制成纤维细胞的生长。体外培养的人ＴＥｃ除表达角蛋白外，还表达ＨＬＡ－Ｉ类抗原、ＬＦＡ－３，ＩＣＡＭ－１和ＣＤ４０等表面抗原；可分泌ＩＬ－１，ＩＬ－６，ＩＬ－８，ＧＭ－ＣＳＦ，Ｇ－ＣＳＦ和Ｍ－ＣＳＦ等多种细胞因子和胸腺素；静息的胸腺细胞与ＴＥＳ的结合由ＣＤ２／ＬＦＡ－３介导，激活的胸腺细胞与ＴＥＣ的结合由ＣＤ２／ＬＦＡ－３和ＬＦＡ－１／ＩＣＡＭ－１共同介导；ＴＥＣ对成熟的胸腺细胞有辅助增殖的作用，对不成熟的胸腺细胞有直接激活作用：胸腺细胞可通过直接作用和分泌细胞因子的间接作用来调节ＴＥＣ的细胞因子分泌和表面抗原表达。     

内源性IL-12决定人PBMC产生干扰素γ的水平(英)

目的：ＩＦＮ－γ是由被有丝分裂原或抗原所激活的Ｔ细胞和ＮＫ细胞所产生，它具有广泛的免疫调节活性，现认为ＩＬ－１２（外源性）是诱导 ＩＦＮ－γ产生的强诱导剂，并可促进静息 ＣＤ４＋Ｔ细胞朝向 Ｔｈ１表型分化，即诱导细胞免疫。目的是为了解由ＰＢＭＣ产生的内源性ＩＬ－１２是否在体外可诱导ＩＦＮ－γ的产生及通过何机制诱导细胞免疫。方法：用抗ＣＤ３抗体、ＰＨＡ、抗ＣＤ３抗体加抗ＣＤ２８抗体和抗原（ＭＬＣ）来检测被刺激的ＰＢＭ细胞的ＩＦＮ－γ的产生，同时也用ＩＬ－１２和ＩＬ－１２Ｒβ１的中和抗体来抑制ＩＦＮ－γ的产生。结果：激活的人ＰＢＭ中ＩＦＮ－γ分泌依赖于内源性ＩＬ－１２的产生，而且激活的Ｔ细胞可诱导ＡＰＣ细胞产生ＩＬ－１２，此过程是通过Ｔ细胞表面的ＣＤ４０Ｌ和ＡＰＣ的ＣＤ４０相互作用而实现。结论：这些结果提示，内源性ＩＬ－１２在正常宿主抗细胞内抗原的感染反应中起重要作用，在某些形式的自身免疫性疾病和移植排斥反应的免疫病理发生中也起中心作用。     

胸腺因子D对LAK细胞活性诱导的影响

本文报道利用ＭＴＴ法和４小时５１Ｃｒ释放法，在有或无ＩＬ－２存在的情况下，研究了ＴＦＤ对正常人ＰＢＭＣ体外增殖、ＬＡＫ活性诱导的影响。结果表明：单纯ＴＦＤ不能促进静止的淋巴细胞增殖，也不能诱导出高活性的ＬＡＫ细胞，但可促使经ＩＬ－２活化的淋巴细胞进一步增殖如先用ＩＬ－２活化淋巴细胞２４小时，再加入ＴＦＤ联合诱导，第４天时，ＬＡＫ活性可达８１．３±６．５％，明显高于单用ＩＬ－２组（Ｐ＜０．０１）。     

OKT3＋rhIL－2激活胎儿脾细胞的研究

观察了１８～２８周龄胎儿脾单个核细胞（ＦＳＭＣ）在体外对ＯＫＴ３＋ｒｈＩＬ－２联合刺激的反应性，结果发现：ＯＫＴ３单独能活化ＦＳＭＣ，最适浓度ＯＫＴ３与ｒｈＩＬ－２联合对ＦＳＭＣ有强协同刺激作用。ＯＫＴ３刺激ＦＳＭＣ后明显促进ＩＬ－２Ｒ表达，表明ＯＫＴ３对ＦＳＭＣ的括化作用与ＩＬ－２／ＩＬ－２Ｒ途径相关。ＯＫＴ３＋ｒｈＩＬ－２协同诱导的ＦＳＭｃ能产生ＮＫ和ＬＡＫ活性，且ＬＭ活住较单用ｒｈＩＬ－２诱导者强，间接免疫荧光染色ＦＡＣＳ分析显示，ＯＫＴ３＋ｒｈｌＬ－２协同激活的ＦＳＭＣ主要是ＣＤ８￣＋Ｔ细胞。结果表明ＦＳＭＣ与成人ＰＢＭＣ－样能被ＯＫＴ３活化。     

IL－4对多发性骨髓瘤患者外周血细胞CD20及HLA－DR表达的影响

本文报道用流式细胞分析技术，检测了２８例多发性骨髓瘤（ＭＭ）患者和２０名健康对照者外周血Ｂ细胞（ＣＤ２０＋）以及Ｂ、Ｔ和单核细胞中ＨＬＡ－ＤＲ＋细胞比率。结果发现，ＭＭ患者ＣＤ２０＋以及Ｂ、Ｔ及单核细胞中ＨＬＡ－ＤＲ＋细胞比率与正常对照组差异非常显著（Ｐ＜０．０１）。加入重组ＩＬ－４，可使８名ＭＭ患者ＣＤ２０＋、ＨＬＡ－ＤＲ＋ＣＤ２０＋、ＨＬＡ－ＤＲ＋单核细胞比率提高非常显著（Ｐ＜０．０１）。而在Ｔ细胞，Ｐ值则＞０．０５。我们认为由于ＩＬ－４分泌减少，一方面使多克隆Ｂ细胞激活及增殖受抑，另一方面使单核细胞ＨＬＡ－ＤＲ抗原表达减少，抗原提呈能力下降可能是ＭＭ发生多克隆免疫球蛋白抑制的重要原因。     

Epstein—Barr病毒潜伏膜蛋白2A重组痘苗病毒转染DC及特异性CTL的体外诱导

通过ＥＢ病毒ＬＭＰ２Ａ重组痘苗病毒转染的ＤＣＳ体外诱导ＬＭＰ２Ａ特异性ＣＴＬ,并通过ＧＭ－ＣＳＦ、ＩＬ－４和ＴＮＦ－ａ培养体系,我们诱导出了人外周血单核细胞来源的ＤＣ。同时选用在鼻咽癌患者中表达的ＥＢ病毒潜伏蛋白之一ＬＭＰ２Ａ作为靶基因,利用重组痘苗病毒转染诱导的ＤＣＳ。ＤＣＳ与自体ＰＢＭＣＳ混合培养,在ＩＬ－２的刺激作用下获得特异性ＣＴＬ。结果如下：１．人外周血单核细胞经ＧＭ－ＣＳＦ、ＩＬ－４、ＴＮＦ－ａ的混合培养,１０天可获得成熟的功能性ＤＣＳ。ＦＡＣＳ检测显示ＤＣ表面相对特异性标志ＣＤ８３…     

MHCI类抗原多肽致敏IL—2基因修饰的树突状细胞对小鼠引流淋巴结T细胞亚群

目的：探讨ＭＨＣ Ｉ类分子限制性肿瘤抗原多肽Ｍｕｔｌ体外冲击白细胞介素２（Ｉｎｔｅｒｌｅｕｋｉｎ－２,ＩＬ－２）基因修饰的树突状细胞（Ｄｅｎｄｒｔｉｃ ｃｅｌｌｓ,ＣＤ）对小鼠体内特异性免疫的活化机制。方法：用腺病毒作为载体介导小鼠ＩＬ－２基因修饰ＤＣ,用小鼠Ｌｅｗｉｓ肺癌３ＬＬ细胞株ＭＨＣ Ｉ类分子限制性八肽Ｍｕｔｌ冲击ＩＬ－２基因修饰的ＤＣ（ＤＣ－ＩＬ－２Ｍｕｔｌ）免疫小鼠,用流式细胞术（ＦＡＣＳ）分析免疫保护小鼠接受３ＬＬ细胞再攻击后引流淋巴结内Ｔ细胞亚群的比例变化。结果：用Ｍｕｔｌ冲击的ＤＣ免疫的小鼠抵抗３ＬＬ细胞再攻击时,引流淋巴结内ＣＤ８＾＋Ｔ淋巴细胞比例明显升高,ＤＣ－ＩＬ－２－Ｍｕｔｌ免疫保护的小鼠接受３ＬＬ细胞再攻击后引流淋巴结内ＣＤ８＾＋和ＮＫ细胞的比例都明显升高。结论：研究表明ＭＨＣ Ｉ类     

LFA-1/ICAM-1单抗对ConA诱导脾淋巴细胞增殖及分泌细胞因子的影响

通过研究ＬＦＡ－１／ＩＣＡＭ－１单抗对ＣｏｎＡ诱导的脾淋巴细胞活化增殖及其分泌细胞因子的影响　，探　讨了ＬＦＡ－１／ＩＣＡＭ－１分子在Ｔ细胞活化过程中所起的共刺激作用。结果表明，单独应用ＬＦＡ－１α链单抗（Ｍ１７／４．４．１１．９）或ＩＣＡＭ－１单抗（ＹＮ１／１．７．４）均不能引起脾淋巴细胞的增殖，但在加入ＣｏｎＡ诱导脾淋巴细胞增殖反应的最初８小时内加入ＬＦＡ－１单抗可以剂量依赖性地抑制ＣｏｎＡ诱导的脾淋巴细胞增殖反应及脾淋巴细胞分泌ＩＬ－２、ＩＰＮ－γ，而加入ＩＣＡＭ－１单抗却无此效应。说明ＬＰＡ－１在ＣｏｎＡ诱导的Ｔ细胞活化过程中起着重要的共刺激作用，ＬＰＡ－１通过与除ＩＣＡＭ－１以外的其它配体分子（如ＩＣＡＭ－３）相互识别，提供Ｔ细胞活化所必需的共刺激信号。     

IL—4对多发性骨髓瘤患者外周血细胞CD20及HLA—DR表达…

本文报道用流式细胞分析技术，检测了２８例多发性骨髓瘤（Ｍ Ｍ）患者和２０名健康对照者外周血Ｂ细胞（ＣＤ＾＋２０）以及Ｂ、Ｔ和单核细胞中ＨＬＡ－ＤＲ＾＋细胞比率。结果发现，ＭＭ患者ＣＤ＾＋２０以及Ｂ、Ｔ及单核细胞中ＨＬＡ－ＤＲ＾＋细胞比率与正常对照组差异非常显著（Ｐ＜０．０１）。加入重组ＩＬ－４，可使８名ＭＭ患者ＣＤ＾＋２０、ＨＬＡ－ＤＲ＾＋ＣＤ＾＋２０、ＨＬＡ－ＤＲ＾＋单核细胞比率提高非常显著（Ｐ     

IL-10 prevents the differentiation of monocytes to dendritic cells but promotes their maturation to macrophages

Human monocytes cultured with granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and IL-13 for 7 days differentiate into cells with the morphology and function of dendritic cells (DC). We have investigated the effect of IL-10 on this differentiation pathway. In the presence of IL-10 cells did not develop DC morphology, did not express CD1a and had lower levels of MHC class II. IL-10 promoted the differentiation of large cells with the morphology, cytochemistry and membrane phenotype of macrophages, including staining for nonspecific esterase and high levels of CD14, CD16 and CD68. The effect of IL-10 was dose dependent and was best appreciated when the cytokine was added at the initiation of the culture, as addition on day 3 was less inhibitory. When added to already differentiated DC on day 6, IL-10 caused only a modest reduction of MHC class II and CD1a expression, and no acquisition of the macrophage markers CD14, CD16 and CD68. Prolonged incubation up to 5 days with IL-10 did not induce a shift of differentiated DC to macrophages. On the other hand, the macrophages obtained by culturing for 7 days with GM-CSF+IL-13+IL-10 did not shift to DC upon removal of IL-10 for up to 3 days. Thus, the effect of IL-10 on monocyte differentiation, occurs only at the precursor level and confers an irreversible phenotype. From a functional point of view, cells cultured in the presence of IL-10 were poor stimulators of allogeneic cord blood T cells in mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) and presented tetanus toxin (TT) to specific T cell lines with much less efficiency than control DC. In contrast, IL-10-cultured DC showed 7 times greater endocytosis of FITC-dextran. This increased endocytosis was mostly mediated via the mannose receptor, as demonstrated by blocking with unlabeled mannose. In conclusion, IL-10 inhibits DC differentiation from monocytes and, in a substantial proportion of the cells, promotes the differentiation to mature macrophages. Intriguingly, IL-10 inhibits antigen presentation while it stimulates endocytic activity.     

Serum concentration of the growth medium markedly affects monocyte-derived dendritic cells' phenotype, cytokine production profile and capacities to stimulate in MLR

We have investigated how the maturation of monocyte-derived dendritic cells (Mo-DC) is affected by the serum concentration of the culture medium. Day 6 DC cultured in 1% human serum were a heterogeneous population of CD1a(-) and CD1a(+) DC that were separated by flow sorting. In contrast, Mo-DC generated in 10% human serum formed a homogenous population of CD1a(-) cells. Other phenotypically immature characteristics also varied, and three subsets were still distinguishable upon maturation in LPS. Furthermore, CD1a(-) DC and CD1a(+) DC from 1% culture conditions were excellent stimulators in MLR, while DC cultured in 10% serum were poor stimulators. Similarly, different cytokine profiles of the three subsets were identified. DC cultured in 1% serum had low expression of interleukin-12 (IL-12) p40 and IL-10 mRNA at day 6. Upon maturation, expression of IL-12 p40 mRNA was upregulated in CD1a(+) DC, whereas the level remained relatively low in CD1a(-) DC. In contrast, DC cultured in 10% had high levels of IL-10 mRNA at day 6 that was downregulated upon maturation. We conclude that the differentiation of monocytes into DC is significantly influenced by the serum concentration of the growth medium with effects on phenotype, cytokine profile and stimulatory activity.     

人外周血分离树突状细胞前体分离培养及其分化成熟过程中生物特征的变化

用从人外周血分离、纯化、扩增树突状细胞的方法,对树突状细胞成熟过程中的功能分化作初步探讨.以酵母菌、HRP吞噬实验测试树突状细胞的内吞能力;以同种混合淋巴细胞反应检测细胞的免疫刺激能力.结果显示,在GM-CSF或GM-CSF与IL-4联合培养2～3天后,树突状细胞无或仅有极弱的吞噬酵母菌能力,但能活跃内吞HRP.培养5天的树突状细胞内吞HRP能力减弱.但能有效的刺激T细胞增殖,GM-CSF与IL-4联合作用后的树突状细胞,其内吞HRP能力及刺激T细胞能力均强于单用GM-CSF培养的树突状细胞.由此可见,树突状细胞在分化成熟的不同阶段表现出不同的功能,GM-CSF与IL-4联合培养能明显增强树突状细胞功能.     

大鼠骨髓源性内皮祖细胞的分离培养与鉴定

背景：内皮祖细胞因其分离与培养的方法各不相同,在实验中难以重复。 目的：探讨大量获取骨髓源性内皮祖细胞分离与培养的方法。 方法：通过密度梯度离心法从4周龄SD大鼠骨髓中分离单个核细胞,使用EGM-2 MV培养基进行诱导培养,采用形态学特征观察、摄取Dil-Ac-LDL与结合FITC-UEA-1实验、免疫荧光化学鉴定其表面抗原CD133与VEGFR2等方法对其进行鉴定,并通过管腔形成实验观察形成管腔的能力。 结果与结论：①形态学观察：分离的骨髓单个核细胞经诱导培养后,在生长的早期(8 d左右)、晚期(15 d左右)其细胞形态有一定差异,早期以纺锤形、三角形、圆形细胞多见,晚期以圆形、短梭形细胞多见。②摄取Dil-Ac-LDL与结合FITC-UEA-1实验：显示8,21 d的细胞均为阳性。③免疫荧光化学染色：8 d的细胞表达CD133、VEGFR2。④管腔形成实验：在Matrigel基质上15 h左右能够生成血管样结构。结果表明：利用密度梯度离心法分离大鼠骨髓单个核细胞后以EGM-2 MV进行诱导培养,经过鉴定证明获得的细胞符合内皮祖细胞的特征。这种方法能够简单、快速、可靠、大量地获取内皮祖细胞。     

Effects of human plasma proteins on maturation of monocyte-derived dendritic cells

Dendritic cells (DC) are a promising tool for vaccine therapy due to their unique properties as antigen presenting cells and their ability to prime naïve T cells. Increasing evidence suggests that maturation stage of DC critically influences the fate of the immune response. Generation of monocyte-derived DC for clinically applicable immunotherapy requires the use of well-defined components and stringent culture conditions. An alternative strategy is to use human autologous serum. However, its constituents are not stable and reflect the inflammatory condition of the donor. In order to investigate whether DC properties are influenced by proteins present in the plasma, we matured human monocyte-derived DC with four main plasma components: fibrinogen, fibronectin, plasminogen or C-reactive protein. These purified proteins were added at various concentrations on day 6 after the initial differentiation induced by IL-4 and GM-CSF. The maturation was assessed by phenotyping of maturation-associated marker (CD83) and co-stimulatory molecule CD86 as well as IL-12 production. Functional properties of DC were assessed by endocytic activity and mixed leukocyte culture. Our results indicate that fibrinogen had DC-maturation effect comparable to poly-I:C, TNF-α and PGE₂ as a positive control, but it failed to induce IL-12 production. The other plasma proteins had no effect on DC maturation. CRP at high concentration had rather inhibitory effect on DC induced lymphocyte function. We conclude that none of the tested plasma components and acute phase proteins sufficiently induce fully competent mature DC. This finding is important for the preparation of human DC-based vaccines supplemented by autologous sera.     

复方中药对外周血树突状细胞的干预作用

目的:探讨复方中药在体外对外周血树突状细胞(DC)的干预作用。方法:采用体外培养细胞的方法培养DC,经复方中药作用后,流式细胞术分析细胞表型的变化,MTT法观察细胞刺激淋巴细胞增殖的变化及ELISA法观察分泌IL-12的影响。结果:复方中药可明显使DC的CD83和CD86表达增高,使对混合淋巴细胞的刺激作用增强,但是对IL-12的分泌起抑制作用。结论:复方中药可增强DC的抗原提呈能力,抑制细胞因子IL-12的产生。     

人外周血树突状细胞培养和地塞米松对其分化的影响作用

目的分离培养和鉴定人外周血树突状细胞（DC）,以及探讨地塞米松对其分化的影响作用。方法密度梯度离心法分离人外周血单个核细胞,贴壁后加入GM-CSF、IL-4和LPS培养,部分组另加入地塞米松,观察细胞形态学、流式标志和DC与T淋巴细胞共培养后的增殖变化。结果外周血单核细胞诱导培养后具有DC形态学特征,CD83表达上调,CD14表达下调,DC与T淋巴细胞共培养后呈增殖反应。培养液中加入地塞米松后CD83表达下调,CD14表达上调,DC与T淋巴细胞共培养后增殖反应减弱。结论外周血单核细胞经联合细胞因子可诱导为DC;地塞米松可使DC在功能上处于不成熟状态。     

Effects of mesenchymal stem cells on differentiation, maturation, and function of human monocyte-derived dendritic cells

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) reportedly inhibit the mixed lymphocyte reaction. Whether this effect is mediated by dendritic cells (DCs) is still unknown. In this study, we used an in vitro model to observe the effects of MSCs and their supernatants on the development of monocyte-derived DCs. Phenotypes and the endocytosic ability of harvested DCs were determined by flow cytometry; interleukin 12 (IL-12) secreted by DCs was evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA); and the antigen-presenting function of DCs was evaluated by MLR. Our results show that MSCs inhibit the up-regulation of CD1a, CD40, CD80, CD86, and HLA-DR during DC differentiation and prevent an increase of CD40, CD86, and CD83 expression during DC maturation. MSCs supernatants had no effect on DCs differentiation, but they inhibited the up-regulation of CD83 during maturation. Both MSCs and their supernatants interfered with endocytosis of DCs, decreased their capacity to secret IL-12 and activate alloreactive T cells. Thus, effects of MSCs on DCs contribute to immunoregulation and development.     

IL-17A 协同GM-CSF 和LPS 促进骨髓细胞衍生树突状细胞的分化和成熟研究

目的:探讨IL鄄17A 对小鼠骨髓细胞衍生树突状细胞分化和成熟的影响。方法:分离小鼠骨髓细胞,加入含GM-CSF(20 ng/ ml)RPMI1640 完全培基培养8 d,诱导小鼠骨髓单个核细胞向DC 分化,加入LPS(1 滋g/ ml)继续培养36 h,进一步诱导DC 成熟,同时在骨髓细胞衍生诱导DC 分化及成熟的不同阶段加入不同浓度的rmIL-17A(10、100 ng/ ml),采用流式细胞术检测DC 表面共刺激分子的表达,ELISA 方法检测DC 培养上清中IL-12p40 和IL-10 水平。结果:rmIL-17A 可促进GM-CSF 诱导骨髓细胞衍生DC 表面共刺激分子CD40、CD80、CD86 和MHC域的表达,且具有剂量依赖性,其中以高浓度rmIL-17A刺激组的CD40 及MHC域表达增加最显著;在LPS 诱导DC 成熟阶段加入rmIL-17A,骨髓细胞衍生DC 共刺激分子CD40、CD80、CD86 和MHC域的表达均明显增加,并且随着rmIL-17A 浓度的增加,CD86 和MHC域的表达水平也随之增高;同时与未加rmIL鄄17A 的对照组相比,低浓度rmIL-17A 组LPS 刺激骨髓细胞衍生DC 分泌IL-12p40 和IL鄄10 水平均显著增加(P <0.001),高浓度rmIL-17A 组IL-12p40 水平显著增高(P<0.001),但IL-10 水平没有变化。结论:IL-17A 可促进GM-CSF 诱导的骨髓细胞衍生DC 前体细胞表型发展,并能协同LPS 诱导骨髓衍生DC 的分化和成熟。     

Deoxyspergualin, a novel immunosuppressant, markedly inhibits human mixed lymphocyte reaction and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte activity in vitro.

Deoxyspergualin (DSG) has demonstrated potent immunosuppressive activities in vivo. However, because of its lability in culture medium, the mechanism of activity has not yet been identified in vitro. In this study, a more stable analogue, deoxymethylspergualin (MeDSG), was used to investigate the in vitro immunosuppressive activity of DSG. MeDSG suppressed both human mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) activity at doses greater than 0.1 micrograms/ml in vitro. In kinetics studies, MeDSG was found to suppress a MLR when added on day 3 of a 7 day MLR incubation but cyclosporin A (CYA) suppressed a MLR only when added during the initial stage of a MLR (i.e. on day 1). In studies of cell surface phenotype in the MLR, MeDSG treatment decreased the numbers of CD8+ lymphocytes but those of CD4+ lymphocytes were not affected. In addition, MeDSG had no significant effect on interleukin-2 (IL-2) receptor expression or IL-2 production. These results suggest that MeDSG suppresses the T-cells which are proliferating competent cells such as cytotoxic T-cells (CD8+), but has a different mode of immunosuppressive action compared with CYA.