闪罐疗法辅助治疗小儿支气管肺炎疗效观察

目的总结闪罐疗法对小儿支气管肺炎的临床辅助治疗效果。方法 2013-10/2014-10将营口市中医院儿科收治的支气管肺炎患儿180例,随机分为观察组和对照组两组。其中对照组90例采用常规方法进行治疗;观察组90例在此基础上采用闪罐疗法辅助治疗,疗程为7d,治疗后比较两组的治疗效果、临床体征改善时间及并发症发生情况。结果观察组总有效率为95.55%(86/90),对照组总有效率为72.22%(65/90),两组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。观察组患儿肺部啰音消失时间、住院时间均短于对照组,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。观察组并发症发生率为6.66%(6/90),对照组并发症发生率为26.67%(24/90),两组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论闪罐疗法辅助治疗小儿支气管肺炎疗效显著,可缩短肺部啰音消失时间及住院时间,患儿的并发症少,操作简单,值得临床应用。     

物理治疗婴幼儿肺炎临床观察

肺炎是儿科常见病、多发病,大部分使用抗生治疗能够得到满意效果,在临床工作中发现有部分患儿经正规足疗程抗生素治疗肺部罗音难以吸收或完全不吸收的情况,为此,对正规治疗6天,肺部罗音吸收不满意的患儿加用胸部物理治疗,取得了满意效果。     

维生素K_1及654-2辅佐治疗小儿急性肺炎康复疗效观察

小儿支气管肺炎是儿科临床常见下呼吸道疾病,其发病率有逐年上升趋势,发病年龄也逐年趋小。全年均可发病。以冬、春季较多,营养不良,维生素D缺乏性佝偻病,先天性心脏病及低出生体重儿更易发生本病。常见的病原体为细菌、病毒、支原体、衣原体等。鉴于婴幼儿患肺炎时痰不易咳出,肺部体征消失缓慢疗程较长,为缩短肺炎疗程有效提高疗效、降低死亡率。我院应用维生素K1小剂量654-2辅助治疗小儿肺炎160例取得了良好的临床效果,现报道如下。     

维生素K1及654—2辅佐治疗小儿急性肺炎康复疗效观察

小儿支气管肺炎是儿科临床常见下呼吸道疾病,其发病率有逐年上升趋势,发病年龄也逐年趋小。全年均可发病。以冬、春季较多,营养不良,维生素D缺乏性佝偻病,先天性心脏病及低出生体重儿更易发生本病。常见的病原体为细菌、病毒、支原体、衣原体等。鉴于婴幼儿患肺炎时痰不易咳出,肺部体征消失缓慢疗程较长,为缩短肺炎疗程有效提高疗效、降低死亡率。我院应用维生素K。小剂量654—2辅助治疗小儿肺炎160例取得了良好的临床效果,现报道如下。     

阿奇霉素联合消积止咳口服液治疗小儿肺炎支原体肺炎疗效观察

目的观察阿奇霉素联合消积止咳口服液治疗小儿肺炎支原体肺炎的临床疗效。方法对65例肺炎支原体性肺炎住院患儿,采用静脉滴注阿奇霉素联合口服小儿消积止咳口服液连续治疗2个疗程,观察临床疗效。结果患儿发热、咳嗽、纳差、肺部啰音大多在入院后第2周消失或明显缓解,2个疗程后56例患儿痊愈,治愈率达86.15%;65例患儿均未发生较重的肺外并发症和药物不良反应。结论阿奇霉素联合消积止咳口服液治疗小儿支原体肺炎疗效显著、安全可靠。     

机械排痰辅助治疗小儿肺炎的疗效观察

目的观察机械排痰辅助治疗小儿肺炎的治疗效果。方法 2015年3月至12月锦州市妇婴医院小儿呼吸科收治住院的肺炎患儿134例,随机分为观察组66例和对照组68例。两组患儿均给予常规的抗炎、对症治疗,观察组在常规的治疗基础上,加用机械排痰辅助治疗,对照组采用传统的叩背排痰方法。治疗5d后观察两组治疗效果及症状体征消失时间、住院时间。结果观察组总有效率为94.0%(62/66),显著高于对照组79.4%(54/68),差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。观察组咳嗽、肺部啰音消失时间及住院时间均显著少于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。在整个治疗过程中,观察组患儿未发现不良反应。结论小儿肺炎在给予常规的抗炎、雾化等治疗的基础上,待体温平稳后及时加用机械辅助排痰治疗,可明显缩短患儿病情恢复时间及住院时间,安全有效。     

小儿肺炎临床治疗分析

目的：探讨小儿肺炎的临床治疗成果并加以分析。方法：122例小儿支原体肺炎患儿采用抗生素治疗．并给予辅助支持疗法。患儿入院经临床确诊为小儿支原体感染型肺炎后应立即采用阿奇霉素通过对患儿进行静脉注射给药。阿奇霉素用量为10mg／kg,一天一次,连续给药七至十天。若患儿临床症状得到有救控制后将阿奇霉素用药方法由静脉注射给药变为口服给药继续进行序贯疗法。对于重度支原体肺炎患儿进行短疗程的地塞米松给药。在所有小儿支原体感染型肺炎惠儿治疗中均可根据患儿实际情况采取适当祛除痰液的治疗方法。结果：对所有122例小儿支原体肺炎患儿进行x射线检查,结果显示患儿单侧大叶性肺炎86例,占总数的70．49％,两侧肺出现斑片状阴影30例,占患儿总数的24．59％,患儿出现肺门影增浓现象6例,占总数的4．92％。即小儿支原体肺炎患者中单侧大叶性肺炎占大多数。利用抗生素阿奇霉素进行小儿支原体肺炎的治疗,可以达到良好的治疗效果,患儿体温及肺部阴影X射线显示均有所下降。122例小儿肺炎患者均治愈出院。     

痰热清注射液雾化吸入辅助治疗小儿支气管肺炎42例疗效观察

目的观察痰热清雾化吸入治疗小儿支气管肺炎的临床效果及不良反应。方法将82例支气管肺炎患儿随机分为观察组42例和对照组40例,在常规治疗的基础上,观察组给予痰热清3mL＋0.9%氯化钠每次3mL雾化吸入,对照组给予氨溴索15mg＋0.45%氯化钠每次5mL雾化吸入,均为每日2次,疗程5d,观察两组有效率、退热时间,咳嗽消失时间,肺部啰音消失时间及不良反应情况。结果观察组总有效率95.2%（40/42）,对照组总有效率80%（32/40）;观察组症状、体征缓解时间均较对照组缩短,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。两组治疗期间无明显不良反应发生。结论痰热清雾化吸入辅助治疗可改善小儿支气管肺炎临床症状,缩短治疗时间,方便、安全,不良反应少,值得临床应用。     

痰热清注射液联合阿奇霉素治疗儿童肺炎支原体肺炎疗效观察

目的观察痰热清注射液联合阿奇霉素治疗儿童肺炎支原体肺炎的临床疗效。方法 2012-01/2013-12湖南省汉寿县人民医院儿科收治儿童肺炎支原体肺炎患儿126例,随机分为两组。对照组60例给予阿奇霉素序贯疗法,按10mg/(kg·d),每日1次,前1~3d静脉滴注,后改为口服,疗程7d;观察组66例在对照组治疗的基础上加用痰热清注射液0.3~0.5mL/(kg·d),每日1次静脉滴注;疗程7d,如病情需要,可间隔3d进行第2个疗程。疗程结束后观察两组疗效、退热及咳嗽消失时间、肺部啰音消失及肺部X线片改善时间,出院前对两组药物不良反应进行分析。结果与对照组比较,观察组退热和咳嗽消失时间,肺部啰音消失时间,肺部X线片改善时间明显优于对照组,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05或P0.01)。观察组总有效率为96.9%(64/66),优于对照组85.0%(51/60)。两组药物不良反应均较轻微,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论痰热清注射液联合阿奇霉素治疗儿童肺炎支原体肺炎临床症状缓解快,疗效肯定,无药物不良反应发生,较单用阿奇霉素具有一定的优势,值得推广应用。     

阿奇霉素联合小儿清肺颗粒治疗儿童肺炎支原体肺炎疗效观察

目的观察阿奇霉素联合小儿清肺颗粒治疗儿童肺炎支原体肺炎的临床效果。方法河南省睢县人民医院儿科2012年11月至2014年9月收治肺炎支原体肺炎患儿40例,随机分为对照组与观察组各20例。对照组实施阿奇霉素治疗,观察组采取阿奇霉素与小儿清肺颗粒联合治疗,治疗10d为1个疗程。观察两组患儿临床疗效及X线阴影消失时间及头痛缓解时间、发热缓解时间。结果对照组治疗后总有效率为65.0%(13/20),显著低于观察组95.0%(19/20),差异有统计学意义(P0.05);观察组治疗后头痛缓解时间、发热缓解时间及X线阴影消失时间均较对照组短,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论小儿肺炎支原体肺炎采取小儿清肺颗粒与阿奇霉素联合治疗疗效显著,患儿症状及体征能快速改善。     

阿奇霉素治疗肺炎支原体肺炎临床分析

目的:观察阿奇霉素静滴治疗肺炎支原体肺炎的疗效。方法:将40例患儿随机分为2组,治疗组20例静滴阿奇霉素,对照组20例静滴红霉素,其余治疗相同。结果:治疗组总有效率85%,对照组总有效率70%。结论:阿奇霉素静滴治疗肺炎支原体肺炎退热快,胃肠道反应小,疗程缩短。     

先天性巨结肠清洁洗肠术的护理体会(附42例)

目的:观察先天性巨结肠清洁洗肠术的疗效。有效的术前肠道准备是先天性巨结肠根治术的重要环结,使手术过程中术区视野暴露良好,术中元粪水流出,降低了手术无菌区污染的机会。方法:对2005年1月至2009年6月我院小儿外科收治的42例先天性巨结肠患儿的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果:40例患儿均获得满意的临床效果。     

2例唐氏综合征患儿出生原因分析

目的:探讨唐氏综合征患儿出生原因。方法:对在我院自开展产前筛查项目以来出生的2例唐氏综合征患儿进行跟踪观察和回顾性分析。结果:1例为孕妇产前主动放弃对唐氏综合征确诊的分析试验,选择继续妊娠。1例为孕妇围产期未进行任何保健而娩出患儿。结论:孕妇原因导致患儿出生。     

小儿经口腔插管全麻下扁桃体挤切术21例治疗体会

目的:探讨一种既简捷方便,又能避免患儿忍受身心痛苦的手术方式。方法:对我科收治的21例慢性扁桃体炎患儿给予经口腔插管全麻下行双侧扁桃体挤切术,术后给予抗生素预防感染,住院治疗7天后痊愈出院,出院后随访1月。结果:21例患儿均痊愈出院,未出现术后出血,感染,扁桃体残体遗留等并发症。结论:该术式手术与无麻(或黏膜表面麻醉)下扁桃体挤切术相比,有手术过程简单,安全,痛苦小,患儿身心损伤小等优点,在有条件的医院,值得提倡应用。     

肺炎支原体肺炎中医论治名家说

肺炎支原体肺炎(MPP)发病有逐年升高的趋势,中医药防治MPP具有一定的优势。热、燥、痰、瘀、虚作为单一致病因素可引发MPP,诸多因素亦可混合致病,病变过程热痰瘀互为因果,胶相互结,可以化毒,引发重症肺炎。诸多名家从MPP的病因病机因素出发,从不同角度辨证论治MPP,取得了很好疗效。本文通过总结当代名家论治MPP经验,以期为MPP治疗提供有效依据并拓展思路,同时为规范和完善MPP的辨证论治体系奠定基础。     

护理干预在小儿重症肺炎中的临床价值分析

目的：探讨对小儿重症肺炎进行护理干预所取得的临床治疗效果，并对其临床价值进行分析。方法：选择曾于我院进行治疗的60例重症肺炎患儿，对患儿行综合护理干预。结果：在完成护理治疗之后，观察组中患儿的护理有效率为93．3％。观察患儿临床症状改善时间；观察患儿家属对护理满意率。结论：对重症肺炎患儿行综合护理干预，有较好的临床效果。可使临床治疗效果明显提高，尽快改善患儿临床症状，在临床上有重要作用和意义，可进行推广。     

Learning gains derived from a high-fidelity mannequin-based simulation in the pediatric emergency department.

There are limited data on the effectiveness of mannequin-based simulations in pediatrics. This study developed a training program using a high-fidelity child mannequin to simulate critical cases in an emergency department, and examined the learning gains derived from this simulation. Eighteen pediatric residents, as pairs, participated in a high-fidelity simulation pretest, training session and a posttest. The training session, developed based on participants' pretest performance, included videotape review, feedback, and hands-on practice, and focused on the improvement of management skills for shock and tachydyspnea. The pre- and posttest performances were scored for task-specific technical skills and behaviors. The learning gains between the pre- and posttests were significant (p < 0.001) for task-specific technical skills (from 64 +/- 15% to 93 +/- 4%) and behaviors (from 65 +/- 18% to 85 +/- 12%). This study suggests that high-fidelity simulation can enhance learning about how to manage critical cases in the pediatric emergency department.     

Butterbur extract: Prophylactic treatment for childhood migraines

The incidence of migraine headaches in childhood is increasing. Migraines are often difficult to diagnose in pediatrics and even more difficult to treat and prevent. In order to decrease the impact of the condition on the child and the family, prophylactic treatment is recommended if the child is experiencing disabling migraines. The medications currently prescribed for the prevention of pediatric migraines often have significant side effects and are of questionable therapeutic value. For those patients and parents who are interested in alternative therapies and natural remedies for preventive treatment of pediatric migraines, butterbur extract derived from the butterbur plant, Petasites hybridus, has emerged as a promising treatment. This paper discusses the impact of migraines among pediatric patients, the rationale for the preventative treatment of pediatric migraines, the current therapies and the relevance of butterbur extract as a prophylactic treatment for migraines in this patient population.     

Birth experiences of urban women of advanced age having their second child after introduction of the universal two-child policy in China: A qualitative study

Objectiveto investigate the birth experiences of women of advanced age having a second child in urban China after introduction of the universal two-child policy in 2016.Designdata were collected using semi-structured in-depth interviews, and were processed and analysed using a qualitative phenomenological method.Settingobstetric department of a class 1, level 3 hospital in Henan Province, China.Participantspurposive sampling was undertaken, and 11 hospitalized women from urban backgrounds were selected as the participants. They were all aged >35 years and were having their second child. The interviews were conducted 2–4 days post partum.Findingsthe findings were divided into four themes: motives for the birth of a second child; anticipations for the child's gender; difficulty in conceiving; and conflicts after birth. The main reason for having a second child was no longer in accordance with the traditional Chinese mindset to ‘raise sons to secure a happy life when one gets old’; instead, it was to secure family balance and harmony to respond to the new policy. Educated women from urban backgrounds were able to accept the gender of the second child ‘as it came’, without the old mindset that ‘men are superior to women’ and ‘only boys can carry on family lines’. Advanced maternal age and gestational complications were the major difficulties facing these women. Chinese medicine and regimens were recognised as effective and conducive. Following the birth of their second child, the women experienced both positive feelings (joy due to the arrival of the new baby) and negative feelings (pressures and challenges on family finances, demands for more living space, and balancing their affections between two children).Conclusions and implications for practicewomen of advanced age who choose to have a second child have sensible motives and, for the most part, their experience is positive. That said, the participants faced and overcame many difficulties before, during and after the birth of their second child. They were in need of help from the government and their employers in terms of policy, and proper education on care-taking and recuperation from medical professionals. Families who have a second child should treat the second child calmly and with common sense, make quick adjustments to family structural changes, and strike a proper balance in an effort to divide love and care equally between the two children.     

哮咳饮加黄芩治疗小儿支原体肺炎后慢性咳嗽

慢性咳嗽是临床上小儿常见的就诊原因之一,引起小儿慢性咳嗽的病因有很多,最主要的原因是呼吸道感染,其中以肺炎支原体感染为主要原因,并呈逐年增加的趋势。导师孙丽平教授认为,支原体肺炎后慢性咳嗽的病因病机多为余热郁肺,肺气上逆。因此,导师于临证中,采用开肺清热,降逆止咳的治疗方法,应用哮咳饮加黄芩治疗支原体肺炎后慢性咳嗽,获得较好的疗效。