Association Between Chronic Pain and Leisure Time Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior in Schoolteachers

Chronic pain (CP) is a public health problem with harmful social and individual effects, and its relationships with physical activity (PA) and sedentary behaviors are unclear. This study examined the relationship between CP and PA and time spent watching television as an indicator of leisure time sedentary behavior, and explored the effects of major confounding factors. The information was obtained between 2012 and 2013 from individual interviews with 943 teachers from public schools in Londrina, Brazil. Statistical analysis was performed in 2014 using a logistic regression model adjusted for sociodemographic, lifestyle, depression, and working conditions variables. The prevalence of CP was 31.9%. No statistically significant association was observed between PA and CP. In the adjusted analyses, CP was associated with time > 60 minutes/day spent watching television (odds ratio [OR] = 1.39, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.03, 1.89) on weekdays. In analyses stratified according to body areas affected by CP, only pain in the lower limbs was associated with more time watching television (OR = 1.62, 95% CI 1.06, 2.47). Watching television on a weekday for > 60 minutes is a sedentary behavior associated with a greater likelihood of teachers having chronic pain, especially in the lower limbs. This association was observed independently of the main confounders such as sex, age, leisure time physical activity, depression and working conditions.     

Relevance of Physical Activities,Sedentary Behaviors,and Genetic Predisposition in Body Fatness: Population-Based Study on Chinese Adults

IntroductionLittle attention has been paid to the interacting effect of specific intensities of physical activities (PAs) and sedentary lifestyle, like television watching, and genetic predisposition on body composition indices among Chinese adults. Herein, we aimed to examine whether specific types of PAs and sedentary behaviors (SBs) were associated with body composition indices among Chinese adults and to further explore whether these associations interacted with the genetic predisposition to high BMI.MethodsCross-sectional data regarding PAs and time spent on SBs and dietary intake of 3,976 Chinese adults (54.9% women) aged 25–65 years in Southwest China were obtained via questionnaires in 2013–2015. Weight, height, and waist circumference (WC) were measured, and BMI, percentage of body fat (%BF), fat mass index (FMI), and fat-free mass index (FFMI) of the participants were calculated. Genetic risk score (GRS) was calculated on 9 established BMI-associated SNPs among Chinese adults.ResultsWhen the participants were stratified by GRS for BMI, significant associations were only found for adults with high GRS for BMI: moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) was negatively associated with WC and %BF and positively related to FFMI. The adjusted positive relationship of time spent watching television with BMI, WC, %BF, and FMI were also just found between adults with high weighted GRS for high BMI: for every 1 h increment in television watching, the BMI, WC, %BF, and FMI of the participants increased by 0.2 kg/m², 0.9 cm, 0.3%, and 0.1 kg/m², respectively (p < 0.02).ConclusionMVPA may be a protective factor against obesity, and prolonged television watching may accentuate adiposity. These putative effects may be more pronounced among individuals with a high genetic risk of a high BMI.     

Premenopausal factors influencing premature ovarian failure and early menopause

OBJECTIVES: We conducted this study to examine premenopausal risk factors associated with premature ovarian failure (POF) and early menopause (EM) among Korean women. METHODS: A 73% of total women aged 30-69 at four districts in the KMCC (Korean Multi-center Cancer Cohort) was participated in this study during 2002-2003. We selected 137 POF and 281 EM cases who had menopause before age 40 and at age 40-44, respectively, and 1318 normal menopause (NM) controls that experienced menopause at age 45-60, and among them, selected idiopathic POF (n=84) and EM (n=261) after excluding surgical/medical menopause. We collected the information of premenopausal lifestyle and reproductive risk factors. Multivariate and polytomous logistic regression were used to estimate POF and EM risk and to differentiate POF and EM risk using ordinal and nominal scale. RESULTS: Cigarette smoking was associated with an increased risk of idiopathic POF (OR=1.82 [1.03-3.23]), whereas oral contraceptive use was associated with a reduced risk of natural EM (OR=0.62 [0.43-0.90]). Idiopathic POF risk by both factors differed from idiopathic EM risk (p-nominal<0.05). Factors related to ovulation, such as later menarche, irregular menstruation and longer breast feeding cumulatively reduced the risk of natural EM and POF (p-ordinal<0.05). In analysis including medical and surgical menopause, lung tuberculosis, hysterectomy, past cancers, and lower number of deliveries before menopause were associated with POF. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings indicate that etiology in POF development may partly differ from that in EM.     

Association of cortisol and the metabolic syndrome in Korean men and women

Obesity and the metabolic syndrome are closely related and have become increasingly prevalent in Korea. The cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors comprising the metabolic syndrome have previously been associated with increased hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPAA) activity, but the associations have not been extensively examined in non-Caucasian populations. The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationships between cortisol, adiposity and the metabolic syndrome in a Korean population. A total of 1,881 adults participated in the study between January 2001 and February 2008. Sociodemographic data were assessed by questionnaires. Body composition, clinic blood pressures as well as metabolic variables including glucose, insulin, and lipid profile were assessed and analyzed in relation to cortisol levels. Mean age of the participants was 58.7 ± 10.8 yr. Higher levels of cortisol was associated with elevated blood pressure, fasting glucose and total cholesterol in men, and between cortisol and systolic blood pressure, fasting glucose and total cholesterol in women. There was an increased risk for the metabolic syndrome associated with higher cortisol levels in both men (P < 0.001) and women (P = 0.040) adjusting for age and body mass index. Higher cortisol levels are associated with several CVD risk factors and the metabolic syndrome, independent of overall of adiposity level, in Korean men and women.     

Sports participation improves metabolic profile in adolescents: ABCD growth study

To analyze the impact of participation in sports with different cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) demands on changes in metabolic and cardiovascular markers in adolescents. Longitudinal study with 12 months of follow‐up (Analysis of Behaviors of Children During Growth [ABCD Growth Study]). Overall, 184 adolescents (age 15.6 ± 2.1) were classified according to sports participation: non‐sport (control), low CRF sports, and high CRF sports. Metabolic outcomes were total cholesterol (TC) and its fractions, triacylglycerol (TG), glucose, insulin levels, and the insulin resistance index. Cardiovascular outcomes were arterial thickness (carotid and femoral [ultrasound]), blood pressure, and resting heart rate. Adolescents engaged in sports classified as high CRF demand presented a significant increase in HDL‐c (1.2 mg/dL [95%CI: ?0.5 to 3.0]) when compared to the non‐sport group (?2.4 mg/dL [95%CI: ?4.4 to ?0.5]). Regular engagement in high CRF sports was significantly related to changes in TC (β = ?0.027 [95%CI: ?0.048 to ?0.005]), HDL‐c (β = 0.009 [95%CI: 0.001 to 0.019]), LDL‐c (β = ?0.032 [95%CI: ?0.049 to ?0.016]), and glucose (β = ?0.017 [95%CI: ?0.025 to ?0.008]), while engagement in low CRF sports was related to changes in TG (β = ?0.065 [95%CI: ?0.112 to ?0.019]). No significant relationships for cardiovascular parameters were observed in the low CRF group, but one significant relationship was found between high CRF sports and changes in SBP (β = ?0.063 [95%CI: ?0.117 to ?0.009]). In conclusion, engagement in sports seems to be beneficial for improvements in metabolic and cardiovascular parameters in adolescents, mainly sports with higher CRF demand.     

Associated Trends in Sedentary Behavior and BMI Among Chinese School Children and Adolescents in Seven Diverse Chinese Provinces

Background

Overweight and obesity is becoming a public health concern in China.

Objective

We examined associated trends in sedentary behavior and body mass index (BMI) among school children and adolescents from seven diverse Chinese provinces from 1997 to 2004.

Method

Sequential multiple regressions were conducted with combined cross-sectional data derived from the China Health and Nutrition Survey (N?=?5,497) to assess relationships between sedentary behavior and BMI.

Results

Between 1997 and 2004, the amount of time children (6- to 11-year-olds) spent engaging in sedentary behavior increased from 1.71 to 3.14?h/day (p?p?Conclusion With the growing amount of time Chinese school children and adolescents study outside of school and watch TV/videos, Chinese youth are increasingly likely to become more overweight unless population-based prevention actions are taken.     

Paternal support and preterm birth, and the moderation of effects of chronic stress: a study in Los Angeles County mothers

Maternal psychosocial stress is an important risk factor for preterm birth, but support interventions have largely been unsuccessful. The objective of this study is to assess how support during pregnancy influences preterm birth risk and possibly ameliorates the effects of chronic stress, life event stress, or pregnancy anxiety in pregnant women. We examined 1,027 singleton preterm births and 1,282 full-term normal weight controls from a population-based retrospective case–control study of Los Angeles County, California women giving birth in 2003, a mostly Latina population (both US-born and immigrant). We used logistic regression to assess whether support from the baby’s father during pregnancy influences birth outcomes and effects of chronic stress, pregnancy anxiety, and life event stress. Adjusted odds of preterm birth decreased with better support (OR 0.73 [95%CI 0.52, 1.01]). Chronic stress (OR 1.46 [95%CI 1.11, 1.92]), low confidence of a normal birth (OR 1.57 [95% CI 1.17, 2.12]), and fearing for the baby’s health (OR 1.67 [95%CI 1.30, 2.14]) increased preterm birth risk, but life events showed no association. Our data also suggested that paternal support may modify the effect of chronic stress on the risk of preterm birth, such that among mothers lacking support, those with moderate-to-high stress were at increased odds of delivering preterm (OR 2.15 [95%CI 0.92, 5.03]), but women with greater support had no increased risk with moderate-to-high chronic stress (OR 1.13 [95%CI 0.94, 1.35]). Paternal support may moderate the effects of chronic stress on the risk of preterm delivery.     

Biofilm production by Candida species and inadequate antifungal therapy as predictors of mortality for patients with candidemia

Nosocomial Candida bloodstream infections rank among infections with highest mortality rates. A retrospective cohort analysis was conducted at Catholic University Hospital to estimate the risk factors for mortality of patients with candidemia. We reviewed records for patients with a Candida bloodstream infection over a 5-year period (January 2000 through December 2004). Two hundred ninety-four patients (42.1% male; mean age +/- standard deviation, 65 +/- 12 years) were studied. Patients most commonly were admitted with a surgical diagnosis (162 patients [55.1%]), had a central venous catheter (213 [72.4%]), cancer (118 [40.1%]), or diabetes (58 [19.7%]). One hundred fifty-four (52.3%) patients died within 30 days. Of 294 patients, 168 (57.1%) were infected by Candida albicans, 64 (21.7%) by Candida parapsilosis, 28 (9.5%) by Candida tropicalis, and 26 (8.8%) by Candida glabrata. When fungal isolates were tested for biofilm formation capacity, biofilm production was most commonly observed for isolates of C. tropicalis (20 of 28 patients [71.4%]), followed by C. glabrata (6 of 26 [23.1%]), C. albicans (38 of 168 [22.6%]), and C. parapsilosis (14 of 64 [21.8%]). Multivariable analysis identified inadequate antifungal therapy (odds ratio [OR], 2.35; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.09 to 5.10; P = 0.03), infection with overall biofilm-forming Candida species (OR, 2.33; 95% CI, 1.26 to 4.30; P = 0.007), and Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation III scores (OR, 1.03; 95% CI, 1.01 to 1.15; P < 0.001) as independent predictors of mortality. Notably, if mortality was analyzed according to the different biofilm-forming Candida species studied, only infections caused by C. albicans (P < 0.001) and C. parapsilosis (P = 0.003) correlated with increased mortality. Together with well-established factors, Candida biofilm production was therefore shown to be associated with greater mortality of patients with candidemia, probably by preventing complete organism eradication from the blood.     

Behavioral and physiological indices related to BMI in a cohort of primary schoolchildren in Greece.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the differences between normal weight and overweight primary schoolchildren in terms of certain cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors and furthermore to identify behavioral correlates significantly affecting their body mass index (BMI). The sample consisted of 198 children with a mean age of 11.5 +/- 0.4 years (106 females and 92 males). Data was obtained on children anthropometry, plasma lipids, plasma glucose, dietary intake, cardiorespiratory fitness, and physical activity. Significant gender differences were observed for most of these parameters, with boys being more active and fit but also spending more time on sedentary activities and exhibiting higher intake of energy and fat compared to girls. Using the International Obesity Task Force's (IOTF) BMI cut-off points, the prevalence of overweight and obesity was estimated to be 35.6% and 6.7% among boys and 25.7% and 6.7% among girls, respectively. Overweight and obese children had higher levels of plasma triglycerides (TG) and total cholesterol to HDL-cholesterol (TC/HDL-C) ratio and lower levels of HDL-C and physical fitness compared to their normal-weight peers. Among the behavioral variables tested, only participation in organized sports, cardiorespiratory fitness, and TV watching were significantly correlated with BMI, while energy and fat intake were found to have no significant effect. The current study suggests that even in childhood, overweight and obesity are indicative of an unfavorable lipidemic profile. Among the behavioral parameters known to affect BMI, those found to exert a significant effect were organized physical activities, cardiorespiratory fitness, and TV watching, but not energy or fat intake.     

High-density lipoprotein cholesterol is positively associated with hypertension in apparently healthy Japanese men and women

Among five components of metabolic syndrome, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol is unique because it is not significantly associated with blood pressure. This study looks at cross-sectional relationships between HDL cholesterol and hypertension using medical check-up data from 1803 apparently healthy Japanese men aged 49.9 +/- 9.0 years, and 1150 Japanese women aged 49.5 +/- 9.0 years. Pearson's correlation coefficients between systolic blood pressure (SBP)/diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and HDL cholesterol were -0.01 (ns)/-0.01 (ns) in men and -0.04 (ns)/-0.01 (ns) in women. The standardised partial regression coefficient of HDL cholesterol for SBP/DBP (mmHg) controlling for age, body mass index (BMI), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), triglycerides, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol were 0.15 (P < 0.0001)/0.15 (P < 0.0001) in men and 0.10 (P < 0.0001)/0.12 (P < 0.0001) in women. The odds ratio (OR; 95% confidence interval [CI]) of a 1 mg/dL increment of HDL cholesterol for hypertension controlling for age, BMI, FPG, triglycerides, hs-CRP, LDL cholesterol, metabolic syndrome, diabetes, exercise status, drinking status, and smoking status was 1.03 (1.02-1.04; P < 0.001) in men and 1.03 (1.01-1.05; P = 0.002) in women. Thus, HDL cholesterol was independently positively associated with hypertension in apparently healthy Japanese men and women.     

Relationship between Sarcopenic Obesity and Cardiovascular Disease Risk as Estimated by the Framingham Risk Score

This study was conducted to assess the association between sarcopenic obesity and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in Korean adults (n=3,320; ≥40 yr) who participated in the 5th Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey in 2010. The appendicular skeletal muscle mass divided by body weight was calculated for each participant; participants with values <1 standard deviation below the mean reference value (i.e., aged 20-39 yr) were considered sarcopenic. Subjects were further classified into 4 groups according to their obesity (i.e., body mass index ≥25 kg/m²) and sarcopenic status. Individuals'' 10-yr CVD risk was determined using the Framingham risk model. The sarcopenic obese group had more participants (43.8% men, 14.6% women) with a high risk of CVD (≥20%). The sarcopenic obese group was associated with an increased 10-yr CVD risk than the non-sarcopenic, non-obese group (odds ratio [OR], 2.49; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.53-4.06, P<0.001 in men; OR, 1.87; 95% CI, 1.02-3.41, P=0.041 in women). Sarcopenic non-obese and non-sarcopenic obese subjects were not associated with an increased 10-yr CVD risk. Sarcopenic obesity, but not non-sarcopenic obesity, was closely associated with an increased CVD risk in Korean adults.

Graphical Abstract

相似文献   

Sleep patterns in Spanish adolescents: associations with TV watching and leisure-time physical activity

We aimed to describe the sleep patterns in Spanish adolescents and to examine the relationships of sleep duration and morning tiredness with participation in leisure-time physical-sporting activities (LT-PA) and television (TV) watching. Sleep duration, morning tiredness, participation in LT-PA and time spent on watching TV were reported by 2,179 (1,139 females) Spanish adolescents (AVENA study). Data were analyzed by binary logistic regression. One-fifth of the adolescents reported insufficient night sleep (<8 h) on school days. The review of the literature (30 studies) showed that the Spanish adolescents sleep as long as adolescents from central Europe, and longer than those from other Mediterranean countries, South Africa, Asia and North America. Insufficient sleep duration doubled the odds of excessive TV watching (≥3 h/day) in males, regardless of morning tiredness (OR 2.15, 95% CI 1.42–3.27). Morning tiredness reduced the odds of participating in any LT-PA in both males and females (0.49, 0.34–0.70 and 0.49, 0.35–0.69, respectively), and increased the odds of excessive TV watching in females, regardless of sleep duration (2.49, 1.64–3.79). We conclude that non-participation in LT-PA is associated with morning tiredness in male and female adolescents, while excessive TV watching is more associated with short sleep or morning tiredness depending on gender.     

Neurofibromatosis 1: analysis of the demand for prenatal diagnosis in a French cohort of 361 patients

The severity of neurofibromatosis 1 and its variable expressivity make prenatal diagnosis appealing. We conducted our research to assess patient characteristics associated with the desire for prenatal diagnosis. Between 1995 and 2004, 361 neurofibromatosis 1 adult patients were interviewed about their desire for prenatal diagnosis. Answers were classified in three groups: (1) 'no;' (2) 'uncertain;' (3) 'yes.' Socio-demographical and clinical data were analyzed by logistic multinomial regression for their association with the desire for prenatal diagnosis. Male-to-female sex ratio was 0.93. Mean age at study +/- SD was 33.5 +/- 10. Seven four patients (20.5%) would consider prenatal diagnosis; 240 (66.5%) did not; and 47 (13.0%) were uncertain. In multivariate analysis, compared to the 'no' group, a longer follow-up (OR = 1.25 [1.11-1.41]), a younger age at study time (OR = 1.25 [1.11-1.41]), not having child (OR = 2.46 [1.03-5.97]) and a higher educational level (OR = 5.07 [1.05-24.47]) were independently associated with the 'yes' group. Compared to the 'no' group individuals who were in the 'uncertain' groups were younger (0.95 [0.90-0.99]), less often married (0.11 [0.01-0.89]) and had a longer follow-up (1.26 [1.09-1.46]). There is a significant demand for prenatal diagnosis among neurofibromatosis 1 French patients. This demand is associated with individuals who are younger, have no child, have a longer follow up, and higher level of education.     

Pentraxin 3 (PTX3) is associated with cardiovascular risk factors: the Health 2000 Survey

Pentraxin 3 (PTX3) is a novel candidate immunoinflammatory marker that has been reported to be associated with cardiometabolic risk factors and to predict adverse outcomes in individuals with cardiovascular disease (CVD). Despite being a member of the same pentraxin protein family as C-reactive protein (CRP), PTX3 probably reflects different aspects of CVD pathogenesis. In this study, we assessed plasma PTX3 correlates and determinants in the Health 2000 Survey population, which comprised n = 403 insulin-resistant subjects, n = 845 hypercholesterolaemic subjects and n = 311 hypertensive subjects, all aged between 46 and 76 years. In insulin-resistant subjects the PTX3 concentration was found to correlate directly with age, pulse pressure and indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) enzyme activity and inversely with total and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol. In hypercholesterolaemic subjects, the PTX3 concentration correlated directly with HDL cholesterol, systolic blood pressure and pulse pressure, whereas in hypertensive subjects, the PTX3 concentration correlated directly with systolic blood pressure, pulse pressure and IDO activity. No correlation was observed between the concentrations of PTX3 and CRP, adiposity indicators or indicators of subclinical atherosclerosis in any of the subject groups. PTX3 concentration variations were attributed to variations in LDL cholesterol and IDO activity in insulin-resistant subjects and to pulse pressure in hypercholesterolaemic and hypertensive subjects. These results indicate that, in individuals at high risk of CVD, the PTX3 concentration is associated with cardiovascular risk factors but not with subclinical atherosclerosis.     

Triglyceride (TG) and remnant lipoproteins

Lowering low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol (LDL-C) can reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) by approximately 30%, and the remaining 70% should be the second front of CVD risk reduction. Such residual risks include high triglyceride (TG) concentrations and low levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (HDL-C) in terms of dyslipidemia. TG-rich lipoproteins are heterogenous and composed of a variety of subfractions, all of which are not necessarily relevant to atherosclerosis and CVD risk. However, remnant lipoproteins, TG-rich lipoproteins, are atherogenic and related to CVD risk. Two different methods (RLP-C and RemL-C) have been developed to measure cholesterol levels of remnant lipoproteins. Although there is a difference in affinity to intermediate-density lipoprotein (IDL) between the two methods, they may be better qualified as biomarkers of CVD risk than TG itself. TG measurements play a certain role in the evaluation of CVD risk, but the remnant lipoprotein cholesterol measurement can provide better screening for patients at high CVD risk than TG and may be a useful examination in both quantity and quality.     

Abnormalities of body fat distribution in HIV-infected persons treated with antiretroviral drugs: The Swiss HIV Cohort Study

We prospectively assessed the 1-month prevalence of abnormal body fat distribution in HIV-infected individuals. Of 1,359 patients treated with antiretroviral drugs, 578 (43%) had signs of abnormal fat distribution. Peripheral fat loss was observed in 382 patients (28%), whereas 412 (30%) had signs of fat accumulation. The presence of lipodystrophy (peripheral fat loss with or without fat accumulation) was found to be independently associated with increasing age (less than 35 years of age as a reference group: 35 to 41 years of age, OR = 1.5 [95% CI, 1.1-2.3]; and older than 41 years of age, OR = 2.4 [95% CI, 1.7-3.5]), current use of stavudine (OR = 2.4 [95% CI, 1.8-3.3]), current use of abacavir (OR = 2.1 [95% CI, 1.3-3.4]), and elevated lactate level (OR = 1.6 [95% CI, 1.1-2.4]). The prevalence of lipodystrophy was higher among patients who had received stavudine for a longer period (no stavudine in the current combination as a reference group: <6 months, OR = 1.1 [95% CI, 0.6-1.8]; 6-24 months, OR = 2.4 [95% CI, 1.7-3.5]; and >24 months, OR = 3.2 [95% CI, 2.4-4.3]). This study confirms the association between the use of stavudine and lipodystrophy.     

Diagnostic certainty is sometimes certainly an error

We evaluated a low-density lipoprotein (LDL) subfraction separation method using polyacrylamide tube gel electrophoresis (PTGE) and compared it with the reference method, polyacrylamide gradient gel electrophoresis (PGGE-REF). Excellent intra-assay and interassay coefficients of variation were obtained (<4%) for PTGE. For 102 subjects, LDL subclasses correlated most significantly with triglyceride (TG) level, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol level, total cholesterol/HDL cholesterol ratio, and non-HDL cholesterol level (P < .05). The distribution of large LDL (76%) was predominant for subjects with low TG levels (< 150 mg/dL [1.69 mmol/L]), while distribution of small LDL (79%) was predominant for subjects with high TG levels (>200 mg/dL [2.26 mmol/L]). Excellent agreement between the methods was observed (weighted kappa = 0.78). Of 51 samples classified as small, dense LDL by PGGE-REF, none were misclassified as lage LDL and 4 as intermediate LDL by PTGE (92% concordance); of 44 samples classified as small and 7 as intermediate by PTGE (77% concordance). The PTGE method is precise and compares favorably with PGGE-REF. It has the advantage of being simple, less expensive, and more suitable for use in the clinical laboratory.     

Family history of heart disease and cardiovascular disease risk-reducing behaviors.

BACKGROUND: Family history is an important cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factor. Preventive behaviors, including lifestyle modifications, can attenuate CVD risk. We studied the association between family history-based heart disease (HD) risk and CVD risk-reducing behaviors. METHODS: Using data from the 2001 Healthstyles survey, we compared frequencies of CVD risk-reducing behaviors among adults without known CVD in categories defined by family history-based HD risk. We classified respondents' HD risk as average (no first-degree relatives with HD), moderate (one relative), or high (> or = two relatives). Behaviors studied included lifestyle modifications, cholesterol measurement, and aspirin use. RESULTS: Of 3383 respondents without known CVD, 28% were classified as being at moderate risk and 15% as being at high risk for HD based on family history. Adjusted odds ratios indicated that moderate- and high-risk respondents were more likely to report having cholesterol measured within the previous 5 years (OR = 1.39, 95% Confidence Interval [CI] = 1.16-1.67 and 1.29, 95% CI = 1.01-1.64, respectively), and aspirin use to reduce CVD risk (OR = 1.49, 95% CI = 1.23-1.79 and 1.67, 95% CI = 1.33-2.09, respectively) than average-risk respondents. CONCLUSION: Almost one half of respondents reported a family history of HD. Aspirin use and cholesterol measurement (i.e., behaviors that health-care providers might suggest) were more likely to be reported by moderate- and high-risk respondents than were lifestyle changes. Family history merits further investigation as a public health tool to identify persons with increased HD risk who might benefit from enhanced prevention strategies.     

RNF43 frameshift mutations contribute to tumourigenesis in right-sided colon cancer

The truncating mutations of RNF43 frequently occur in CRC, we aimed to clarify the relationship between RNF43 frameshift mutations and MS status, BRAF V600E mutation, distant metastasis, TNM stage and location of CRC. RNF43 frameshift mutations R117.fs and G659.fs and BRAF V600E mutation were detected in 392 sporadic CRC samples from our tissue bank. We integrated our original study with the TCGA database and five published datasets to analyse the relationship between RNF43 frameshift mutation and tumour location, distant metastasis, TNM stage and BRAF V600E mutation in 2396 CRC samples when controlling for MS status. RNF43 frameshift mutation was correlated with MSI-H (OR = 122.27) [31.82, 469.92], BRAF V600E mutation (OR = 7.92 [3.45, 18.18]), distant metastasis (OR = 0.30 [0.17, 0.53]), advanced TNM stage (OR = 0.34)[0.23, 0.51], and right colon site (OR = 8.32 [2.98, 23.22]). After controlling for the effect of MS status, there was no correlation of RNF43 frameshift mutation with distant metastasis (OR = 1.57 [0.75, 3.28]) and advanced TNM stages (OR = 0.98 [0.58, 1.67]), but RNF43 frameshift mutations still occur more frequently in right colon (OR = 2.58 [1.49, 4.47]) and with BRAF V600E mutation (OR = 1.94 [1.22, 3.10]). RNF43 frameshift mutations were related to distant metastasis and TNM-stage in an MS status-dependent manner, but they contributed to tumourigenesis in right-sided colon cancer independent of MS status.     

Objectively measured physical activity and sedentary behaviour of Yakut (Sakha) adults

Background: Circumpolar regions are undergoing social and economic transition, which often corresponds to a behavioural transition. Yet, physical activity and sedentary behaviour are rarely objectively measured within these groups.

Aim: This study aimed to characterize objectively measured physical activity and sedentary behaviour in a sample of indigenous Siberians.

Subjects and methods: Yakut (Sakha) adults (n?=?68, 32 men) underwent anthropometry, interviews and wore a triaxial accelerometer for two days. Time spent in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) or sedentary behaviour was calculated using a single axis and also all three axes.

Results: Men spent significantly more time in MVPA than women, although no sex difference was found in sedentary behaviour. Participants were far more active and less sedentary when classified using all three axes (vector magnitude) than a single axis. Television viewing time significantly related to sedentary behaviour in men only.

Conclusion: The Yakut have gender differences in amount and predictors of physical activity and sedentary behaviour. Triaxial accelerometry is more sensitive to daily physical activity in free living populations than single axis.