人工全髋关节置换术假体松动原因的回顾性研究

目的探讨髋关节置换术假体松动失败的原因及机制。方法收集我院2009年8月~2011年8月共15例髋关节置换术后初次失败病例,其中无菌性松动13髋(其中股骨假体柄松动合并髋臼假体松动4例,股骨假体柄松动4例,髋臼假体松动5例),感染性松动2例,全部15例均行翻修术,其中4例行全髋翻修、4例柄侧翻修、5例行髋臼翻修,感染性松动行抗生素骨水泥占位控制感染后二期翻修。结果 13例行翻修术者术后伤口均一期愈合,2例感染患者在感染控制后均行全髋翻修。随访10~36月(平均20.60±7.06月)无松动及感染,在最后一次随访中,本组病例的Harris评分为56~93(平均79.60±11.90)分,其中优4例,良7例,可1例,差3例,优良率为73.3%。结论本组全髋关节置换假体松动发生机理涉及手术技巧、假体类型、髋臼假体位置、股骨截骨长度及外展肌力量。     

人工髋关节置换术后假体松动的原因及处理

目的探讨人工髋关节置换术后假体松动的原因及处理方法。方法对39例（45髋）人工髋关节置换术后假体松动患者的临床资料进行分析,手术取出假体进行观察,重新置入髋臼及股骨头假体。结果本组假体松动发生在人工髋关节置入术后2 a 6个月～19 a 7个月,45髋中骨水泥型28髋、非骨水泥型17髋。手术取出的假体均呈现出不同程度的多区域抛光现象和界膜形成,其中9例假体表层钴铬小珠脱落,重新置入髋臼及股骨头假体后疗效满意。结论人工髋关节置换术后假体松动的原因主要是假体表面出现抛光现象和界膜形成。采用个体化非骨水泥型假体、小锉刀操作、建立良好的骨床将有效避免髋关节置换术后假体松动;出现假体松动后应将其取出并重新置入髋臼及股骨头假体,效果较好。     

颗粒打压植骨在髋臼骨缺损人工全髋关节置换术中的应用

目的 观察颗粒打压植骨在髋臼骨缺损人工全髋关节置换术（THA）中的应用效果.方法 随机选取伴有髋臼侧骨缺损拟行THA的患者20例22髋,术中应用颗粒打压植骨为主或结合钛网重建髋臼,恢复骨量;依照骨缺损量的不同,选择生物型或水泥型髋臼假体.结果 患者术后平均随访40个月,Harris评分由术前平均47.1分增至术后的91.6分（P＜0.05）,优良率90.9％;X线检查未见假体松动、下沉等情况,可见移植骨与原髋臼体结合处有连续性骨小梁通过,愈合良好,无感染、脱位等并发症.结论 在伴有髋臼侧骨缺损的THA中,采用颗粒打压植骨可有效重建髋臼,有利于髋关节功能的恢复.     

数字模板测量法在髋关节置换术术前设计中的应用

对122例全髋关节置换患者(132髋)采用数字模板测量行术前设计选择假体,与术中实际应用假体型号进行比较.结果数字模板测量髋臼假体符合率为71.97%、股骨假体符合率为78.79%,术后1个月符合率分别为74.24%、75.56%.提示数字模板测量进行人工髋关节置换术前设计准确率和可信度较高.     

大直径球头人工髋关节置换术后初期临床效果观察

目的：观察大直径球头人工髋关节置换术后初期临床效果。方法回顾性分析4021髋全髋置换患者的临床资料,评价22、28、32、36 mm球头假体的临床效果。连续观察其中100例全髋置换患者的临床资料,将其随机分为28 mm（小直径）球头组和36 mm（大直径）球头组,记录术中情况和术中术后的不良事件,并进行统计学比较。结果22、28、32、36 mm球头组术后Harris评分均较术前增加（ P均＜0．01）。大直径头组（≤28 mm）术后脱位、骨溶解均少于小直径头组（≥32 mm）。36 mm球头组术中剐蹭、膝关节痛VAS、髋臼假体直径、腹股沟痛均多于28 mm球头组（P＜0．05、0．01）。结论大直径球头全髋关节假体治疗髋关节疾病的近期疗效满意,但需要避免髋臼杯假体选择过大的问题,其远期临床结果有待观察。     

Delta陶瓷人工假体在全髋关节置换术中的应用效果观察

目的 观察Delta陶瓷人工假体在全髋关节置换术的近期应用效果.方法 对56例(61髋)严重髋关节疾病患者行Delta陶瓷对陶瓷人工假体全髋关节置换术.采用Harris评分标准对髋关节功能进行评定.通过双髋正位X线片,测量髋臼外展角和估算前倾角,观察有无陶瓷碎裂、假体脱位、假体周围透亮线和骨溶解、假体松动、感染及假体周围骨折情况发生.结果 手术时间为55～90 min,术中出血量120～200 mL,术后引流量150～400mL.术后平均随访1年7个月.术后1年,Harris髋关节评分为(89.3±7.9)分,明显高于术前的(40.3±10.5)分(P＜0.01).髋关节功能优37例,良18例,可1例.X线检查示髋臼外展角42.7°±2.6°,前倾角为19.6°±3.5°.随访期间无关节异响发生,未见陶瓷碎裂、假体脱位、骨溶解形成及假体松动、移位和下沉,无感染和假体周围骨折的发生.1例术后6个月时出现髋关节周围异位骨化,关节功能良好.结论 Delta陶瓷人工假体全髋关节置换术治疗严重髋关节疾病的近期疗效满意.     

中青年髋关节疾病行金属对金属全髋关节表面置换术的疗效及安全性

目的 探讨中青年髋关节疾病患者行金属对金属人工全髋表面置换术的可行性.方法 选择各类髋关节疾病患者28例（35髋）,年龄28 ～ 54岁,平均42岁;其中股骨头缺血性坏死16例、骨性关节炎5例、先天性髋关节发育不良4例和创伤性关节炎3例.患者均行混合型金属人工全髋表面置换术,术后检查髋关节功能、计数Harris评分、评估疼痛程度、观察髋关节影像学形态.结果 28例平均随访34个月,髋关节功能优32髋,良2髋,可1髋,优良率96.9％.未发现股骨颈骨折、股骨头坏死及假体固定失败等并发症.结论 金属对金属全髋关节表面置换术治疗中青年髋关节疾病近期疗效满意,可作为传统全髋置换术的过渡性手术.     

国产人工髋置换远期疗效分析

目的探讨国产人工髋关节置换的远期临床效果。方法对在我院施行全髋关节置换术的42例（47髋）进行随访。平均年龄56．6岁。平均随访时间8．9年。通过临床评分及X线摄影分析治疗效果。结果临床评分总优良卑为68．6％。影像学检查发现髋臼松动共16髋（34％），股骨假体松动共19髋（40％）。异位骨化15髋（31．9％），但病人无明显不适症状，不需要翻修。另外发现感染患者共2髋，脱位者l髋。结论国产的髋关节假体，价格相对低廉，提高了患者的经济承受能力。应用此假体，可解决了患者的髋关节病痛。但是，国产假体在设计水平、材料工艺等方面都存在一定问题。     

人工全髋关节置换治疗发育性髋关节发育不良继发晚期骨关节炎的疗效

目的探讨人工全髋关节置换手术治疗发育性髋关节发育不良继发的晚期骨关节炎的手术要点和临床疗效。方法对126例患者150髋关节发育性髋发育不良伴发或继发的晚期骨性关节炎进行人工全髋关节置换手术治疗,观察手术后15 d、3个月、6个月Harris髋关节功能评分与下肢不等长缩短差,分析该手术方式成功的要点。结果 1本组126例患者术前平均Harris评分为(42.75±9.83)分,术后第15天、1、6个月分别为(76.15±9.83)分,84.16±9.43)分(87.15±8.64)分,与术前评分比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);2115例双下肢不等长患者,术后双下肢长度平均差值为(1.02±0.75)cm,较术前的(3.75±3.44)cm明显好转(t=6.32,P<0.05);3术中2例2髋小转子劈裂骨折,1例股神经牵拉伤,经治疗后恢复;术后1例1髋出现假体滑脱,给予二次手术治疗。结论人工全髋关节置换手术治疗发育性髋发育不良继发晚期骨关节炎可以获得比较理想的临床效果,选择合适的假体、充分松解周围软组织,真臼处高质量重建髋臼是保证手术成功、良好的预后的关键。     

全髋关节置换术中非水泥锥形股骨柄假体临床应用研究

目的 探讨非骨水泥锥形股骨柄在全髋关节置换术中的临床效果和意义.方法 回顾性分析48例(56髋)于我科行人工全髋关节置换术患者的临床资料,所有患者采用侧后方入路,手术股骨侧均采用同一种非水泥锥形股骨柄假体,术后平均随访15个月.结果 术前Harris评分平均56分,术后最后一次随访时Harris评分92分,有2例发生大腿痛,所有病例未发现不稳定征象,无翻修病例.结论 非水泥锥形股骨柄假体有着可靠的远期固定疗效和优异的临床效果.     

回顾性分析72例老年股骨颈囊内移位骨折患者关节置换术

目的 探讨老年股骨颈囊内移位骨折患者行人工髋关节置换术的方法及其疗效.方法 回顾性分析72例老年股骨颈囊内移位骨折患者的病例资料,其中Garden Ⅲ型35例,Garden Ⅳ型37例;按手术方法分4组：骨水泥全髋置换术11例,非骨水泥拿髋置换术12例,骨水泥半髋置换术30例,非骨水泥半髋置换术19例.术后定期随访X线片及Hams评分.结果 随访时间25-114个月,中位随访时间93个月,行人工髋关节置换术者Harris评分优良率为92.19%.结论 老年股骨颈骨折患者应尽可能接受手术治疗;老年股骨颈囊内移位骨折、Garden Ⅲ和Garden Ⅳ型患者宜行人工髋关节置换术;不同手术方法中期效果及并发症比较,差异无统计学意义.     

Bone marrow edema syndromes of the hip: MRI features in different hip disorders

The objectives of this study were to describe the essential magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features of bone marrow edema syndromes affecting the hip joint. In addition, to evaluate the role of MRI in the assessment of hip joint involvement in different clinical settings that may share similar clinical findings. Thirty-four patients who complained of hip pain were studied consecutively. Of these, 21 were men (61.8%) and 13 were women (38.2%). After clinical assessment of possible hip disease, plain radiograph and MRI study of both hips were performed. The literature was searched using keywords: bone marrow edema, hip, and MRI. All patients had antalgic gait and limping. Initial clinical examination revealed painful limited internal and external rotation of the affected hip/hips suspect for hip disease. Unilateral hip involvement was identified in 31 patients (91.2%), and bilateral hip involvement was found in three patients (8.8%), with a total of 37 hips evaluated by MRI. The final diagnoses in our patients were: reactive arthritis (1), transient osteoporosis (7), avascular necrosis (10), osteoarthritis (2), tuberculous arthritis (4), septic arthritis (2), osteomyelitis (2), sickle cell anemia (2), lymphocytic leukemia (1), and femoral stress fracture (3). Bone marrow edema affecting the hip is neither a specific MR imaging finding nor a specific diagnosis and may be encountered in a variety of hip disorders due to different etiologies. MR imaging is the modality of choice when clinical examination is suspect for hip disease and plain radiographs are normal or equivocal. Early diagnosis and treatment is important in many of the disorders. The literature is reviewed regarding bone marrow edema of the hip.     

髋关节置换术和空心加压螺钉内固定术治疗老年股骨颈骨折的效果比较

目的 对比观察全髋关节置换术与空心加压螺钉内固定术两种不同的手术方式对老年股骨颈骨折的疗效,以指导选择老年股骨颈骨折的治疗方案.方法 选择126例老年股骨颈骨折患者,回顾性对比分析患者行全髋关节置换术（A组,n=64）及内固定术（B组,n=62）两种不同治疗方式的手术时间、术中出血量、扶双拐下地时间、住院时间、并发症情况及术后关节功能的变化.结果 A组平均手术时间比B组明显延长[（72.8±10.1）min vs（55.7±7.8）min,P＜0.05];A组平均术中出血量显著多于B组[（365.5±51.2）mL vs （180.8±25.3） mL,P＜0.01];A组平均扶双拐下地时间显著少于B组[（7.5±1.2）d vs（48.7±6.8）d,P＜0.01];A组平均住院时间与B组比较,差异无统计学意义[（14.5±2.5） d vs （15.2±2.1）d,P＞0.05].A组并发症出现率明显低于B组（3.13％ vs 19.35％,P＜0.01）.A组Harris功能评分优良率明显高于B组（92.19％ vs 75.81％,P＜0.01）;A组无移位组Harris功能评分优良率与B组比较,差异无统计学意义（90.91％ vs 88.89％,P＞0.05）;A组移位组Harris功能评分优良率显著高于B组（92.85％ vs 60.00％,P＜0.01）.结论 全髋关节置换术适合于髋关节本身有骨关节炎、伴有严重骨质疏松症或有其他老年病不宜长期卧床的股骨颈骨折患者;而内固定术可作为受伤前髋关节活动能力好、骨质量好的或有严重内科合并症不能耐受关节置换的老年股骨颈骨折患者的首选治疗方案.     

Arthroscopic validation of radiographic minimum joint space width associated with the subchondral bone exposure in symptomatic hip dysplasia

Objective: The purpose of this study was to clarify the minimum joint space width (MJSW) that leads to subchondral bone exposure (SBE) in patients with hip dysplasia.

Methods: We included 82 subjects (86 hips) who had hip dysplasia with center-edge angle less than 20° and who underwent periacetabular osteotomy combined with hip arthroscopy. The acetabular and femoral cartilages were divided into three regions: anterosuperior, superior, and posterosuperior; for each region, we analyzed the correlation between the incidence of SBE and the MJSW measured on plain radiographs. The disease stage was defined according to the Kellgren and Lawrence grades (KL grade).

Results: SBE was found in 51 hips (59.3%) in total, involved the acetabulum in 49 hips (57.0%), and involved the femoral head in 26 hips (30.2%). SBE was more frequent in the acetabulum, with the highest incidence in the anterosuperior region, followed by the superior region. SBE was present in six hips (22.2%), 17 hips (56.7%), and 28 hips (96.5%), at KL-1, KL-2, and KL-3, respectively. MJSW of hips with SBE was significantly smaller than those without SBE (2.3 vs 4.0?mm, p?Conclusions: Cartilage degeneration is more advanced than would be predicted on plain radiographs. The cut-off value of MJSW for SBE was 3.7?mm in patients with symptomatic hip dysplasia.     

Hip dysplasia: a significant risk factor for the development of hip osteoarthritis. A cross-sectional survey

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this cross-sectional survey of 2232 women and 1336 men (age range 20-91 yr) was to investigate individual risk factors for hip joint osteoarthritis (OA). METHODS: Standardized, weight-bearing pelvic radiographs were evaluated. Radiological hip joint OA was defined as minimum joint space width (JSW) /=60 yr of age. Of factors entered into logistic regression analyses, only age (P<0.001 for right hips and P<0.001 for left hips) and hip dysplasia (P<0.001 for right hips and P = 0.004 for left hips) were significantly associated with hip OA prevalence in women. In men, only hip dysplasia was associated with hip OA prevalence, P<0.001 in right hips and P = 0.001 in left hips. CONCLUSIONS: Of the individual risk factors investigated in this study, only age and hip dysplasia were associated with the development of hip osteoarthritis.     

Distribution of hip pain in osteoarthritis patients secondary to developmental dysplasia of the hip

Objectives

Our aim was to clarify the distribution of hip pain in patients with osteoarthritis of the hip secondary to developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH).

Methods

We retrospectively studied 443 hips in 369 patients with osteoarthritis secondary to DDH; mean age was 61 years, and follow-up rate was 84 %. Hip pain was defined as preoperative pain that was relieved 3 months after total hip arthroplasty.

Results

Distribution of pain originating in the hip was 89 % (393 hips) to the groin, 38 % (170 hips) to the buttock, 33 % (144 hips) to the anterior thigh, 29 % (130 hips) to the knee, 27 % (118 hips) to the greater trochanter, 17 % (76 hips) to the low back, and 8 % (34 hips) to the lower leg. When the groin, buttock, and greater trochanter were combined as the hip region, 95 % (421 hips) of pain was located in the hip region. On the other hand, when the anterior thigh, knee, lower leg, and low back were combined as the referral region, 55 % (242 hips) showed referred pain.

Conclusions

We suggest that rheumatologists be aware of hip disease masquerading as knee pain or low back pain.     

Assessment of primary hip osteoarthritis: comparison of radiographic methods using colon radiographs

OBJECTIVE: To compare the reliability of quantitative measurement of minimum hip joint space with a qualitative global assessment of radiological features for estimating the prevalence of primary osteoarthritis (OA) of the hip in colon radiographs. METHODS: All colon radiographs from patients aged 35 or older, taken at three different radiographic departments in Iceland during the years 1990-96, were examined. A total of 3002 hips in 638 men and 863 women were analysed. Intraobserver and interobserver reliability was assessed by measuring 147 randomly selected radiographs (294 hips) twice by the same observer, and 87 and 98 randomly selected radiographs (174 and 196 hips) by two additional independent observers. Minimum hip joint space was measured with a millimetre ruler, and global assessment of radiological features by a published atlas. RESULTS: With a minimum joint space of 2.5 mm or less as definition for OA, 212 hips were defined as having OA. When the global Kellgren and Lawrence assessment with grade 2 (definite narrowing in the presence of definite osteophytes) or higher as definition for OA was used, 202 hips showed OA. However, only 166 hips were diagnosed as OA with both systems. With 2.0 or 3.0 mm minimum joint space as cut off point, the difference between the two methods increased. Both intrarater and interrater reliability was significantly higher with joint space measurement than with global assessment. CONCLUSIONS: Overall prevalence of radiological OA was similar with the two methods. However, the quantitative measurement of minimum hip joint space had a better within-observer and between-observer reliability than qualitative global assessment of radiographic features of hip OA. It is thus suggested that minimum joint space measurement is a preferable method in epidemiological studies of radiological hip OA.     

Knee and hip arthroplasty infection rates in persons with haemophilia: a 27 year single center experience during the HIV epidemic

Total joint replacement (TJR) is an option for the management of chronic haemophilic arthropathy. Because surgery is technically challenging, there is a high rate of deep prosthetic infections, particularly in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals. We determined the incidence of deep infection rates following total knee and hip arthroplasties in HIV-seropositive and HIV-seronegative persons with haemophilia. Fifty-one primary joint replacements were performed on 32 patients seen at a regional comprehensive haemophilia care center from 1975 to 2002. Thirty prostheses were placed in patients who were HIV-seropositive prior to surgery (n = 14) or seroconverted later (n = 16). Median age at the time of surgery was 33 years (range: 20-61) among 19 HIV-seropositive patients and 35 years (range: 26-74) among 13 HIV-negative patients. Median duration of follow-up was 83 months (range: 2-323). Rate of primary joint infection per artificial joint-year by HIV status was compared by Poisson regression. Main outcome measures were the incidence of primary replacement joint infections by HIV status. Deep infections developed in five (9.8%) of 51 replacement joints. There were two infections during 204.15 joint-years without HIV infection and three infections during 205.28 joint-years with HIV infection. The incidence rate of joint infection (0.98 vs. 1.46 per 100 joint-years) was not increased with HIV (relative risk, RR: 1.49, 95% CI: 0.25-8.93, P = 0.66). We conclude that HIV infection is not a contraindication to knee or hip replacement arthroplasty in the appropriate clinical setting.     

股骨开窗在人工髋关节翻修术中的应用

目的探讨股骨开窗用于人工髋关节翻修术中的效果。方法对15例行人工髋关节翻修术患者术中于股骨前外侧假体柄尖端开窗,经骨窗直视下取出远端塞及残留骨水泥,引导髓腔锉位于髓腔中央位置,选用非水泥长柄假体应超过开窗处至少股骨直径2倍。开窗处取下骨块回植。术后6周内部分负重。记录手术时间、出血量,术后复查X线观察骨窗愈合情况、假体位置,采用Harris评分评价髋关节功能,观察并发症发生情况。结果本组手术时间115-235 min;出血量400-1 500 ml;术中无骨折、穿凿发生,术后未发生感染。随访时间24-35个月,X线片示无假体松动、脱位、下沉,骨窗平均愈合时间3.4个月;Harris评分由术前平均42.8分提高至80.2分。结论股骨开窗应用于人工髋关节翻修术疗效确切,并可降低术中骨折、穿凿发生率,缩短手术时间。