滑石接尘退休工人肺功能损害的调查及其影响因素分析

对１２１名滑石接尘退休工人进行了肺功能损害的调查及其影响因素分析。结果表明：不论吸烟与否，退休接尘工人ＦＶＣ、ＦＥＶ１、ＭＭＦ、Ｖ５０、Ｖ２５等指标的实测值、实测值／预计值（％）较对照组明显降低，异常率则明显升高，且多具有显著或非常显著的统计学意义。多因素分析表明：慢性支气管炎和接尘工龄是影响退休接尘工人肺功能下降的主要因素。     

调离铸钢粉尘作业人工肺功能的研究

本文对１４３名调离铸钢粉尘作业工人肺功能损害及呼吸系统症状阳性率与慢性支气管炎的患者病进行了研究，结果表明，无论吸烟与否，离尘组工人的ＦＶＣ１，ＦＥＶ１．０，ＦＥＦ２５－７５％，Ｖ７５，Ｖ５０及ＦＥＶ１．０／ＦＶＣ％等肺功能指标的实测值占地值百分比均较对照工人组显降低，肺功能异常率则显著增高，除个别指标外，其差别均有非常显著的意义，配对比较显示，离尘组工人肺功能各项指标的实测值显著低于对照组，异常     

离尘矿工肺通气功能和呼吸系统症状的配对研究

对１５６名离尘矿工进行了肺通气功能和呼吸系统症状的配对研究，结果表明：无论是ＦＶＣ、ＦＥＶ１．０、ＦＥＦ２５％～７５％、Ｖ７５、Ｖ５０等肺通气功能指标的实测值，还是肺通气功能异常率均显示离尘矿工肺通气功能损害较对照工人严重，除ＦＶＣ外，均有统计学意义；呼吸系统症状阳性人数和慢性支气管炎患病人数离尘矿工也均显著高于对照工人。     

沈阳水泵厂铸造车间接尘不吸烟工人呼吸系统损害的调查

本文对沈阳水泵厂铸造车间８２名接尘不吸烟工人进行了呼吸系统询问调查与肺功能检测。结果表明，接尘组咳嗽、咳痰、气短、胸痛、胸闷的阳性率较对照组明显升高，且均具有显著性；ＦＶＣ、ＦＥＶ１、ＦＥＦ２５－７５与对照组相比，其实测值、实测值占预计值％的下降及异常率的升高，多具有显著性差别。     

铸钢接尘与离尘工人肺功能及呼吸系统症状的配对研究

本文对沈阳某重型机器厂铸钢车间２５９名接尘工人与７４名调离铸钢粉尘作业工人进行了肺功能与呼吸系统症状的配对分析。结果表明：无论是接尘人工，还是调离粉尘作业工人，其ＦＶＣ、ＦＥＶ、ＦＥＦ２５－７５％、Ｖ７５、Ｖ５０等肺功能指标的实测值均较对照组明显降低，肺功能异常人数以及呼吸系统症状阳性人数与慢性支气管炎的患病人数则较对照组显著升高。     

影响铸钢接尘工人肺功能损害的因素分析

对沈阳重型机器厂铸钢车间５０６名铸钢接尘工人进行了肺功能测定与影响因素分析。结果表明：不论吸烟与否，铸钢接尘工人ＦＶＣ、ＦＥＶ１、ＦＥＦ２５－７５％、Ｖ７５、Ｖ５０和ＦＥＶ１／ＦＶＣ％等肺功能指标的实测值占预计值百分比较对照组明显低（Ｐ均＜０．０１）．接尘工人肺功能损害随着累计接尘量的增加和接尘工龄的延长而加重。清砂工肺功能损害较其它工种为重．多因素分析表明：粉尘是影响工人肺功能损害的主要因素．     

铸造接尘女工肺功能与呼吸系统症状的配对研究

为了深入探讨铸造粉尘对接尘女工呼吸系统的损害，本文按配对设计原则，就１６２对不吸烟的铸造接尘女工与对照女工进行了肺功能和呼吸系统症状的配对研究。结果表明：接尘组ＦＶＣ、ＦＥＶ１、ＦＥＦ２５％～７５％、Ｖ７５、Ｖ５０等肺功能指标的实测值均较对照组显著降低，除Ｖ７５外，Ｐ值均小于０．０１；肺功能各项指标异常、呼吸系统症状呈阳性以及患慢性支气管炎的例数，接尘组则均较对照组明显增加，且均具有统计学意义。因此，对铸造接尘女工的职业性危害问题应给予足够的重视。     

铸造工人肺功能和呼吸系统症状的配对分析

对４３４名铸造工人与３６名脱离铸造粉尘作业的工人进行了肺功能以及呼吸系统症状与慢性支气管炎患病情况的配对分析。结果表明：接尘与脱尘组ＦＶＣ、ＦＥＶ１、ＦＥＦ２５－７５％、Ｖ７５、Ｖ５０、等肺功能指标的实测值均较对照组明显降低．肺功能异常人数则均较对照组显著升高。接尘组呼吸系统症状的阳性数与慢性支气管炎的患病数均显著高于对照组；与对照组相比，脱尘组呼吸系统症状的阳性数与慢性支气管炎患病数也均有增高的趋势。     

滑石粉尘对接尘工人肺通气功能影响的配对研究

本文按照配对设计方法，以年龄、身高、体重与吸烟习惯等作为配对条件，进行了滑石接尘工人肺功能损害的研究。结果表明，无论吸烟与否，接尘组ＦＶＣ，ＦＥＶ１，ＭＭＦ，ＰＥＦ，Ｖ＿（５０），Ｖ＿（２５）等指标的实测值，实测值占预计值％均较对照组显著降低，肺功能异常率明显升高，且多具有显著或非常显著的意义。     

铸钢和铸铁接尘工人肺功能损害的配对分析

本文按配对设计的原则，严格控制年龄、身高、吸烟量、接尘量等因素，分别对５２名铸钢和铸铁接尘工人进行了肺功能的比较分析，结果表明铸钢接尘工人的ＦＶＣ、ＦＥＶ_（１．０）、ＦＥＦ_（２５～７５）、Ｖ_（７５）、Ｖ_（５０）、Ｖ_（２５）等肺功能指标均低于铸铁接尘工人，ＦＶＣ、ＦＥＶ_（１．０）有显著意义的差别（Ｐ＜０．０５）；相同接尘工龄、相同累计接尘量的配对结果，尘龄小于２０年或累计接尘量小于５００毫克·年时，两组肺功能损害未见差别（Ｐ＞０．０５），当尘龄大于２０年或累计接尘量大于５００毫克·年时，铸钢接尘工人肺功能各项指标明显低于铸铁接尘工人（Ｐ＜０．０５或Ｐ＜０．０１）。     

退休矿工与离尘后定诊矽肺病人肺通气功能的14年动态观察

深入研究退休矿工肺通气功能的损害情况。方法本文对某镍矿４５名退休矿工、３７名离尘后定诊矽肺患者和４０名对照矿工的肺通气功能进行了１４年的追踪与配对追踪观察。结论长期接触高浓度的矽尘,矿工退休离尘后肺通气功能仍在丧失,损害的严重程度可与矽肺患者相比。     

The potential hazardous effect of exposure to iron dust in Egyptian smoking and nonsmoking welders

Exposure to iron dust and welding fumes is widespread and may increase the risk of lung inflammation. The aim of this study was to identify associations between exposure to iron/welding fumes and the levels of inflammatory parameters and allergic mediators among 120 Egyptian men. Forty nonsmoking and 40 smoking Egyptian welders as well as 40 healthy volunteers who were never exposed to welding fumes and were nonsmoking were enrolled in the study. Peak expiratory flow rates (PEFR) assessed at the end of the shift of work on working days revealed an impairment in lung function, with the smoking workers showing the worse results, followed by nonsmoking workers, as compared to healthy volunteers. Moreover, the results of the present study showed a significant increase in serum iron and immunoglobulin E, as well as plasma thiobarbaturic acid reactive substances, C-reactive protein, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, haptoglobin, interleukin-2, interleukin-6 and interleukin-23 histamine, lactate dehydrogenase isoenzyme-3, and calcitonin. In addition, the results revealed significant decrease in plasma α-1-antitrypsin and serum transferrin, as well as blood activities of antioxidant enzymes: catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione reductase (as compared with control group). However, there was a nonsignificant change in arginase and α-L-fucosidase in smoking and nonsmoking welders exposed to iron dust and welding fumes. In conclusion, occupational exposure to iron dust and welding fumes increases lung inflammation risk among Egyptian blacksmith workers, a condition that worsens with smoking.     

Lung function in Pakistani welding workers

Our objective was to study the effects of welding fumes and their duration of exposure on lung function. This was a matched case-control cross-sectional study of spirometry in 50 nonsmoking manual metal arc welders who work without the benefit of welding fume control ventilation or respiratory protective devices. Welding workers, with exposures longer than 9 years, showed a significant reduction in spirometry (forced expiratory volume in one second [FEV1], FEV1/forced vital capacity [FVC%], and peak expiratory flow [PEF]) relative to controls. Lung function in nonsmoking welding workers is impaired and stratification of results shows a dose-effect of years of welding on lung function. This effect primarily shows an obstructive pattern of airways disease. Preventive measures in developing countries have to be adopted to avert long-term lung damage in welders.     

Lung function and chest radiograph abnormalities among construction insulators.

We carried out a prevalence survey of pulmonary health parameters among current and retired construction insulators (50 years old and older) from all areas of British Columbia, Canada. The study population included 59 active workers (81 percent participation in this group) and 29 workers who were retired or inactive due to illness (69% participation). Radiograph results were compared to those from actively working bus mechanics from the same age group, and retired grain and civic workers, who were all tested in the same manner. Chest radiographs were read independently by two readers and were graded according to the ILO classification system. Pleural abnormalities alone were found in 34% (20) of active workers (5% in comparison group) and 45% (13) of non-active workers (14% in comparison group). Rates for parenchymal abnormalities for these same groups (ILO grade 1/0 or higher) were 17% (5%) and 20% (5%), respectively. Airflow obstruction was present in 35% (31) of the insulators and was associated with age and the presence of diffuse pleural thickening, and 5 or more years of employment in pulp mills. Restrictive lung function was present in 22% (19) of the insulator population and was associated with age and radiographic evidence of parenchymal fibrosis. The results indicate that construction insulators, a group at high risk for asbestos-related lung disease, also have a high prevalence of airflow obstruction. This was associated not only with smoking, but also with diffuse pleural thickening and a history of pulp-mill employment, suggesting that airflow obstruction in this population is also partly work related.     

职业接触烟草尘对肺功能急性影响的研究

本文对３２２名在职，８２名退休烟草工人以及同一地区的无尘毒接触史的对照工人的肺功能测定结果进行了分析。在职烟草男工的ＦＶＣ，女工的ＦＥＶ１的班后与班前的差值明显大于对照的差值，有统计学意义，且多项肺功能指标的急性改变也高于对照工人。     

Respiratory impairment due to asbestos exposure in brake-lining workers

There is extensive evidence that exposure to asbestos causes pulmonary parenchymal fibrosis, pleural disease, and malignant neoplasm in asbestos-exposed workers. However, few data concerning brake-lining workers are available in the literature. In this study, we aimed to assess the long-term effects of chrysotile asbestos exposure on lung function and the risk of asbestos-related diseases in brake-lining workers. Seventy-four asbestos-exposed workers who processed brake-lining products and 12 unexposed office workers were offered pulmonary function tests (spirometry and transfer factor) in 1992 and 1999. In 1999, the mean duration of asbestos exposure was 10.00+/-4.07 and 11.02+/-4.81 years (7-31 years) in nonsmoking and smoking asbestos workers, respectively. Transfer factor (T(L), CO) and transfer coefficient (K(CO)) decline were significant in the 7-year follow-up in both smoking and nonsmoking asbestos workers. However, lung function indices of the control group, whom were all current smokers; were also found to be decreased, including FEF(75), T(L), CO and K(CO). We found minimal reticular changes in 10 asbestos workers who were all current smokers, they underwent high-resolution computed tomography scans of the chest and we found that they had peribronchial thickening resulting from smoking. As a conclusion, even in the absence of radiographic asbestosis, T(L), CO and K(CO) may decrease after a mean 10-year duration of exposure to asbestos in brake-lining workers and this is more noticeable with cigarette burden.     

The health investigation of cotton textile workers in Beijing

This study reports findings from a survey of byssinosis among 289 cotton workers in certain cotton textile mills in Beijing. Incidence of byssinosis was 4.2% (12 cases). It decreased with a lower concentration of cotton dust and increased with yearly increment of cotton dust exposure. An elevation in body temperature over 37 degrees C was present among 14.2% of the workers on the first working day after rest. Acute lung function decrement was related to high dust concentration in the rooms. The higher the dust concentration in the rooms, the more evident was the chronic lung function decrement. Chronic bronchitis in cotton workers was higher than in controls. Incidence of byssinosis in smoking cotton workers was higher than in nonsmoking cotton workers.     

Obstructive pulmonary function defects among Taiwanese firebrick workers in a 2-year follow-up study.

The purpose of the study was to follow up an earlier observation of pulmonary function among workers employed in firebrick-manufacturing factories. A 2-year follow-up study of pulmonary function among 442 workers in 30 firebrick-manufacturing factories was designed. Excluding 79 workers with a history of other occupational dust exposure, changes in pulmonary function of 291 firebrick workers were compared with pulmonary function in 72 control subjects over a period of 2 years. Baseline pulmonary function values (i.e., forced expiratory volume in 1 second [FEV1]/forced vital capacity [FVC] and forced expiratory flow after 50% of vital capacity has been expelled [FEF50%] in smoking firebrick workers, and FEV1/FVC and FEF75% in nonsmoking firebrick workers) were significantly lower than those in the comparison group. The statistical method for repeated measurements was used for comparison of the difference between follow-up and baseline lung function. There was no significant difference in FVC and FEV1 changes between firebrick workers and those in the comparison group during the 2-year follow-up period. The decreases in FEV1/FVC, peak expiratory flow rate, maximal midexpiratory flow, and FEF50% in the firebrick workers were significantly greater than in the comparison group, after adjustment for smoking status. The FEV1, maximal midexpiratory flow, FEF50%, and FEF75% also showed a dose-response relationship with job titles. The decrement of pulmonary function in the 2-year follow-up period was the worst in burning work, followed by crushing and molding. The results show that workers in firebrick-manufacturing factories with exposure to silica-containing dusts may contract obstructive pulmonary function defects.     

Is chronic airway obstruction from cotton dust exposure reversible?

BACKGROUND: Exposure to cotton dust is known to cause chronic airway obstruction, but there is little information on whether the obstructive impairment is reversible after the exposure stops. METHODS: Longitudinal changes in lung function were evaluated among 429 cotton textile workers and 449 silk workers in Shanghai, China, beginning in 1981. Both active and retired workers were tested every 4 to 6 years for 15 years. RESULTS: Overall, cotton workers had greater annual declines in forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) and forced vital capacity (FVC). Compared with active workers, retired cotton workers had lower annual loss of FEV1, although the retired workers had a greater loss during their active employment than the currently active workers. No such trends were detected in silk workers. Annual declines in FEV1 in retired cotton workers were smaller with increasing time since retirement. Multivariate analysis showed that retirement was a substantial contributing factor for improved FEV1 and FVC in the cotton workers, especially among those who did not smoke. Correspondingly, remission of airflow obstruction, defined as a ratio of FEV1 and FVC of less than 70%, was more common in retirees than in the active workers, and more common in nonsmokers than in smokers. CONCLUSION: Chronic airway obstruction related to long-term exposure to cotton dust may be partially reversible after the exposure ceases, although lung function does not return to the level found in unexposed workers.     

镍矿退休矿工肺通气功能的7年追踪观察

为探讨离尘矿工肺通气功能的变化情况，在某镍矿对１１０名退休接尘矿工进行了肺通气功能的７年追踪观察。结果显示：无论是一般追踪观察，还是配对追踪观察，退休组ＦＶＣ、ＦＥＶ１．０的年均下降值较对照组高（Ｐ＜０．０５或Ｐ＜０．０１）；１９８８年与１９８１年相比，退休组异常率的增高、异常程度的加重均有显著或非常显著意义，对照组则未见差别。提示：离尘工人的肺通气功能损害未因脱离粉尘作业而消除或减轻。