年龄绝经年限和绝经后雌二醇水平对心血管功能的影响

本文分析年龄、绝经年限和绝经后血清雌二醇水平与妇女心血管功能的关系。结果发现；年龄与心率、二尖瓣口舒张早期流速和Ｅ／Ａ比值呈负相关，与血压、二尖瓣口舒张晚期流速呈正相关，与左心室舒张末期容积、收缩末期容积、左心室每搏输出量、每分输出量、射血分数、外周血管总阻力、二尖瓣口最大流速和平均流速无关。绝经年限与血压呈正相关，与其它指标无关。绝经后血清雌二醇水平与收缩末期容积呈负相关，与二尖瓣口最大流速、二     

初潮及绝经年龄等因素与绝经后骨质疏松症发病的关系

目的探讨初潮年龄和绝经年龄、生育次数及哺乳时间与绝经后骨质疏松症发病的关系。方法1999年5月至2003年4月,对已绝经的1472例妇女进行骨密度测定,并对不同月经初潮年龄、绝经年龄、生育次数及哺乳时间妇女的骨质疏松症发生率及骨密度进行分析比较。骨质疏松症的诊断标准为骨密度值低于或等于正常年轻妇女平均骨密度峰值减去2.5个标准差。结果1472例中,共发生骨质疏松症861例,发生率为58.5%。其中绝经年限为1~10年、初潮年龄≥17岁者336例,发生骨质疏松症119例(35.4%);初潮年龄≤13岁者276例,发生骨质疏松症75例(27.2%)。1472例妇女中,初潮年龄11~13岁者,腰椎骨密度为(0.83±0.16)g/cm2;14~16岁者为(0.82±0.16)g/cm2;17~19岁者为(0.80±0.14)g/cm2;初潮年龄11~13岁者与17~19岁者比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。1472例妇女中,年龄为55~65岁、绝经年龄≤48岁者156例,发生骨质疏松症98例(62.8%);绝经年龄≥54岁者80例,发生骨质疏松症33例(41.3%),两者比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。1472例妇女中,生育次数≥4次者225例,腰椎、大转子及W ard三角区骨密度分别为(0.76±0.16)、(0.49±0.10)及(0.38±0.19)g/cm2;生育次数≤1次者475例,分别为(0.85±0.15)、(0.57±0.10)及(0.52±0.11)g/cm2,两者各部位骨密度比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。1472例妇女中,哺乳时间≥36个月者249例,腰椎、W ard三角区骨密度分别为(0.76±0.16)及(0.40±0.10)g/m2;哺乳时间≤6个月者418例分别为(0.83±0.17)及(0.48±0.12)g/m2,两者各部位骨密度比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论月经初潮时间晚及绝经时间早的妇女,骨质疏松症的发生率高;生育次数多,哺乳时间长的妇女的骨密度低于生育次数少、哺乳时间短的妇女。     

小剂量利维爱对绝经后症状和骨代谢生化指标的影响

利维爱（ｌｉｖｉａｌ）为合成类固醇类药物，结构与异炔诺酮相似，具有弱的雌、孕、雄激素作用，对子宫内膜影响小，在欧洲每日应用２．５ｍｇ治疗绝经后症状，防治绝经后骨质疏松症。本观察旨在确定减少利维爱剂量后，能否有效地控制绝经后症状，预防绝经后骨丢失，同时...     

雷洛昔芬对绝经后妇女骨密度、骨代谢生化指标和血脂影响的随机对照研究

目的　确定盐酸雷洛昔芬 (RLX)对中国绝经后妇女骨密度、骨代谢生化指标及血脂的影响。方法　将来自 3所医院的 2 0 4例绝经后妇女 [平均年龄 (6 0± 5 )岁 ,平均体重 (6 3± 9)kg]随机分组 ,进行双盲安慰剂对照的临床研究 ,受试者每天接受RLX 6 0mg(n =10 2 ,RLX组 )或安慰剂 (n =10 2 ,安慰剂组 )治疗 12个月 ,并于服药前及服药 12个月后各进行一次骨密度、骨代谢生化指标及血脂的测定。结果　与安慰剂相比 ,RLX使腰椎和髋部骨密度显著升高 ,RLX组腰椎的骨密度增加2 30 % ,而安慰剂组降低 0 0 8% ,两组比较 ,差异有极显著性 (P <0 0 0 1) ;RLX组髋部骨密度增加2 4 6 % ,安慰剂组增加 1 0 7% ,两组比较 ,差异有显著性 (P <0 0 5 )。RLX组骨代谢生化指标血清骨钙素和血清C端交联肽分别降低 2 7 6 %和 2 4 0 % ,而安慰剂组则分别降低 10 6 %和升高 15 8% ,两组比较 ,差异有极显著性 (P <0 0 0 1)。RLX组总胆固醇和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇分别降低 6 4 %和34 6 % ,而安慰剂组则分别升高 1 4 %和降低 19 1% ,两组比较 ,差异有极显著性 (P <0 0 0 1)。两组间高密度脂蛋白胆固醇和甘油三酯水平未见差异。仅有 5例因不良事件而提前退出研究 (RLX组 3例 ,安慰剂组 2例 )。结论　RLX能增加绝经后中国妇女     

绝经妇女服用利维爱骨代谢的变化

许多研究表明，雌激素不足是绝经后骨质疏松症发病的主要原因，雌激素替代疗法是防治绝经后骨质疏松症的有效方法。本研究通过对部分骨代谢指标的检测，观察人工合成的仿性腺激素利维爱对绝经妇女骨代谢的影响。现报道结果如下。一、资料与方法１一般资料：本研究选择１...     

女性不同绝经年龄骨密度和骨强度256例分析

目的　研究绝经年龄对女性骨密度和骨强度的影响 ,为骨质疏松症 (OP)的预防提供科学依据。方法　采用双能X线骨密度仪和骨超声仪 ,测量 2 5 6例绝经年限 10～ 2 5年的健康女性志愿者骨密度 (BMD)和胫骨超声传导速度 (SOS) ,按绝经年龄不同分为Ⅰ组 (绝经年龄 <4 5岁 )、Ⅱ组 (绝经年龄 4 5～ 5 1岁 )、Ⅲ组 (绝经年龄>5 1岁 )进行分析。结果　三组除腰椎正、侧位 ,髋部wards区 ,尺骨和桡骨超远端外 ,其他部位BMD均与绝经年龄呈正相关 (r =0 10 7～ 0 2 11,P <0 0 5或P <0 0 1) ;Ⅱ、Ⅲ组髋部股骨颈、髋部总体、尺骨和桡骨远端 1/ 3段、尺骨和桡骨总体BMD均高于Ⅰ组对应部位 (P <0 0 5或P <0 0 1) ,且OP的患病率均低于Ⅰ组 (P <0 0 5或P <0 0 1) ;Ⅱ、Ⅲ组之间各部位BMD以及OP的患病率差异无显著性意义 ;胫骨SOS值与绝经年龄无相关性 ,且Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组之间胫骨SOS值以及OP的患病率差异无显著性意义 (P >0 0 5 )。结论　绝经年龄早 (<4 5岁 )主要引起皮质骨BMD降低 (腰椎正位除外 ) ,对松质骨BMD影响小 ;正常和晚绝经年龄对BMD影响小 ;绝经年龄对骨强度影响小     

碘缺乏地区绝经后妇女骨密度及骨代谢指标

绝经后40％妇女患有甲状腺疾病．甲状腺功能减退（HT）、接受甲状腺素治疗（TT）的绝经后妇女骨代谢状态的研究资料尚无报道。为研究绝经后HT妇女骨密度（BMD）及骨代谢生物化学变化的基本规律．480例年龄45。65岁、绝经后2—7年妇女纳人研究．因慢性自体免疫性甲状腺炎及地方性甲状腺肿所致HT妇女中，未接受，TT96例（1组）．接受，TT165例（2组），甲状腺手术后HT、接受TT119例（3组）．2和3组妇女接受L-甲状腺素个体化治疗7，10年：其余100例无甲状腺疾病（对照组）。超声检查甲状腺及性器官，放射免疫法检测血清骨形成标志物-骨钙素（Osteocalcin，OC）含量．酶免疫法检测骨吸收标志物—尿C-端端肽（C-terminaltelopeptide．CTTP）水平．双能X线吸收测量法检测BMD。     

上海市浦东新区妇女绝经年龄及行经年限调查与影响因素分析

目的 调查上海市浦东新区妇女的自然绝经年龄、行经年限,观察初潮年龄与生育次数对自然绝经年龄和行经年限的影响.方法 2007年1月至2008年7月,以参加上海市浦东新区宫颈癌筛查的、年龄≥56岁的15 083例自然绝经妇女为研究对象,采用一对一的问卷方式,调查妇女的初潮年龄、生育次数、自然绝经年龄、行径年限等情况.将研究对象按年龄分为56～60、61～65、66～70和>70岁4个组.采用方差分析方法,比较各年龄组绝经年龄和行经年限的差异;采用多因素回归方法分析年龄组别、初潮年龄、生育次数与绝经年龄和行经年限的关系.结果 (1)自然绝经年龄:最小为29岁,最大为61岁,平均为(50.6±3.7)岁.56～60、61～65、66～70和>70岁4个年龄组的平均绝经年龄分别为(50.9±3.4)、(50.7±3.7)、(50.0±4.1)、(49.6±4.0)岁,随着年龄组的年轻化,平均绝经年龄呈逐渐增加趋势,最小年龄组与最大年龄组比较,平均绝经年龄相差1.36岁.(2)行经年限:最长为48年,最短为12年,平均(34.3±4.1)年.56～60、61～65、66～70和>70岁组的平均行经年限分别为(34.6±3.8)、(34.3±4.1)、(33.9±4.6)、(33.2±4.5)年;随着年龄组的年轻化,平均行经年限呈逐渐延长趋势,最大年龄组与最小年龄组比较,相差1.41年.(3)初潮年龄对绝经年龄和行经年限的影响:相关分析显示,初潮年龄与绝经年龄无明显相关性(r=0.02),初潮年龄与行经年限呈负相关(r=-0.43).(4)生育次数对绝经年龄和行经年限的影响:生育1～2次妇女的绝经年龄明显高于生育0次和≥3次的妇女,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);但生育1次与2次的妇女及生育0次与≥3次的妇女绝经年龄比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05).生育1次的妇女行经年限明显长于生育1次以上的妇女,生育2次的妇女行经年限明显长于生育0次和≥3次的妇女,差异也有统计学意义(P<0.05);生育0次与≥3次者行经年限比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).(5)行经年限的多因素回归分析:初潮年龄与行经年限呈明显的负相关(r=-0.97,P<0.001);不同年龄组别的行经年限相关分析显示,61～65、66～70和>70岁组与56～60岁组比较,差异均有统计学意义(r=-0.18,P=0.020、r=-0.78,P<0.001和r=-1.23,P<0.001);生育1～2次者的行经年限明显长于生育0次和≥3次者.(6)绝经年龄的多因素回归分析:初潮年龄与绝经年龄无相关性(r=0.02);但不同年龄组别的绝经年龄的多因素分析显示,61-65、66～70和>70岁组妇女的绝经年龄与56～60岁组比较,差异也有统计学意义(r=-0.18,P=0.020、r=-0.78,P<0.001、r=-1.23,P<0.001).生育1～2次的妇女绝经年龄明显高于生育0次和≥3次者,但生育1次与2次,0次与≥3次者间比较,差异均无统计学意义.结论 (1)上海市浦东新区妇女的绝经年龄逐渐增加,行经年限呈延长趋势;(2)初潮年龄和生育次数是影响绝经年龄和行经年限的重要因素;(3)随着初潮年龄的年轻化,行经年限逐渐延长;(4)生育1～2次能明显推迟绝经年龄并且延长行经年限,而多次生育(≥3次)对绝经年龄和行经年限均无明显影响.     

上海市浦东新区妇女绝经年龄及行经年限调查与影响因素分析

Objective To investigate natural spontaneous menopausal age , menstruation span and their relationship with menarche age and parity in Pudong district of Shanghai. Methods From Jan 2007 to Jul 2008, 15 083 spontaneous menopause women undergoing cervical cancer screening were enrolled in this study. The questionnaire included menarche age, parity, spontaneous menopausal age and menstruation span. Those women were divided into four groups based on age, which were group of 56 -60, 61 -65, 66 -70 and more than 70. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used for comparing difference between menopausal age and menstruation span. Multiple factor regressions was used to analyze the relationship between menarche age, parity and menopausal age and menstruation span. Results (1) Spontaneous menopausal age: the minimum was 29 years old, the maximum was 61 years old, and the mean age was (50.6 ±3.7)years old. The mean spontaneous menopause age were (50.9 ± 3.4), ( 50.7 ± 3.7 ), (50.0 ± 4.1 ), (49.6 ±4.0) years in groups of 56 -60, 61 -65, 66 -70 and more than 70 years. With the increasing age range in four groups, the increasing trends of menopausal age were observed, which the difference of 1.36 year was shown between groups of 56 - 60 and more than 70 years. (2) Menstruation span: the mean of menstruation span was (34.3 ± 4.1 ) years, which the minimal age of 12 years and maximal age of 48 years were recorded. (34.6 ± 3.8), (34.3 ± 4.1 ), (33.9 ± 4.6), (33.2 ± 4. 5) were observed in groups of 56 - 60,61 -65, 66 -70 and more than 70 years. With the increasing age range in four groups, the increasing trends of menstruation span were observed, which the difference of 1.41 year was shown between groups of 56 –60 and more than 70 years. (3)The impact of menarche age on menopausal age and menstruation span: there was no correlation between menarche age and menopausal age ( r = 0.02); however, menstruation span was found to be negatively correlated with the menarche age ( r = - 0.43 ). (4) The impact of parity on menopausal age and menstruation span: the mean menopausal age of women who had 1 -2 deliveries was significantly higher than those had no delivery or more than 3 deliveries ( P < 0.05 ). However, there was no difference in menopausal age between women with 1 and 2 deliveries or between women without delivery and more than 3 deliveries (P > 0.05). Menstruation span of women with 1 delivery was significantly longer that those with more than 1 delivery( P < 0.05 ), similarly, women with 2 deliveries had longer menstruation span than women without delivery or more than 3 deliveries(P < 0.05 ). There were no difference in menstruation span between women with more than 3 deliveries and without delivery ( P >0.05 ). (5) Multifactor regression analysis for menstruation span: menarche age was correlated with menstruation span negatively ( r = - 0.97,P <0.001 ). There was significantly different menstruation span between group of 61 -65, 66 -70 or more than 70 years and group of 56-60 (r= -0. 18, P=0.020; r= -0.78,P <0.001 and r= - 1.23,P<0.001). Menstruation span in women with 1 -2 deliveries was significantly longer than that of women without delivery or more than 3 deliveries. (6)Multifactor logistic analysis of menopausal age: there was no association between menarche age and menopausal age, however, significant differences were found in mean menopausal age between different groups, which show that menopausal age of group 56 - 60 years was significant higher than the other groups, including age-group 61 -65 years ,66 -70 years and over 70 years ( r = - 0.18, P = 0.020; r = - 0.78,P < 0.001; r = - 1.23, P < 0.001 ). Menopausal age in women with 1 - 2 deliveries was significantly higher than those of women without delivery or with more than 3 deliveries,however, no difference between women with 1 and 2 deliveries or between women without deliveries and more than 3 deliveries was observed. Conclusion (1) Menopausal age and menstruation span exhibited increasing trends in Pudong district of Shanghai. (2) Menarche age and parity were the important factors influencing menopausal age and menstruation span. (3) With younger age of menarche, the menstruation span become longer. (4) Deliveries of 1 -2 times can significantly delay the menopause and prolong menstruation span, however, the multiple deliveries ( ≥ 3 times) had no significant impact on menopausal age and menstruation span.     

上海市浦东新区妇女绝经年龄及行经年限调查与影响因素分析

Objective To investigate natural spontaneous menopausal age , menstruation span and their relationship with menarche age and parity in Pudong district of Shanghai. Methods From Jan 2007 to Jul 2008, 15 083 spontaneous menopause women undergoing cervical cancer screening were enrolled in this study. The questionnaire included menarche age, parity, spontaneous menopausal age and menstruation span. Those women were divided into four groups based on age, which were group of 56 -60, 61 -65, 66 -70 and more than 70. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used for comparing difference between menopausal age and menstruation span. Multiple factor regressions was used to analyze the relationship between menarche age, parity and menopausal age and menstruation span. Results (1) Spontaneous menopausal age: the minimum was 29 years old, the maximum was 61 years old, and the mean age was (50.6 ±3.7)years old. The mean spontaneous menopause age were (50.9 ± 3.4), ( 50.7 ± 3.7 ), (50.0 ± 4.1 ), (49.6 ±4.0) years in groups of 56 -60, 61 -65, 66 -70 and more than 70 years. With the increasing age range in four groups, the increasing trends of menopausal age were observed, which the difference of 1.36 year was shown between groups of 56 - 60 and more than 70 years. (2) Menstruation span: the mean of menstruation span was (34.3 ± 4.1 ) years, which the minimal age of 12 years and maximal age of 48 years were recorded. (34.6 ± 3.8), (34.3 ± 4.1 ), (33.9 ± 4.6), (33.2 ± 4. 5) were observed in groups of 56 - 60,61 -65, 66 -70 and more than 70 years. With the increasing age range in four groups, the increasing trends of menstruation span were observed, which the difference of 1.41 year was shown between groups of 56 –60 and more than 70 years. (3)The impact of menarche age on menopausal age and menstruation span: there was no correlation between menarche age and menopausal age ( r = 0.02); however, menstruation span was found to be negatively correlated with the menarche age ( r = - 0.43 ). (4) The impact of parity on menopausal age and menstruation span: the mean menopausal age of women who had 1 -2 deliveries was significantly higher than those had no delivery or more than 3 deliveries ( P < 0.05 ). However, there was no difference in menopausal age between women with 1 and 2 deliveries or between women without delivery and more than 3 deliveries (P > 0.05). Menstruation span of women with 1 delivery was significantly longer that those with more than 1 delivery( P < 0.05 ), similarly, women with 2 deliveries had longer menstruation span than women without delivery or more than 3 deliveries(P < 0.05 ). There were no difference in menstruation span between women with more than 3 deliveries and without delivery ( P >0.05 ). (5) Multifactor regression analysis for menstruation span: menarche age was correlated with menstruation span negatively ( r = - 0.97,P <0.001 ). There was significantly different menstruation span between group of 61 -65, 66 -70 or more than 70 years and group of 56-60 (r= -0. 18, P=0.020; r= -0.78,P <0.001 and r= - 1.23,P<0.001). Menstruation span in women with 1 -2 deliveries was significantly longer than that of women without delivery or more than 3 deliveries. (6)Multifactor logistic analysis of menopausal age: there was no association between menarche age and menopausal age, however, significant differences were found in mean menopausal age between different groups, which show that menopausal age of group 56 - 60 years was significant higher than the other groups, including age-group 61 -65 years ,66 -70 years and over 70 years ( r = - 0.18, P = 0.020; r = - 0.78,P < 0.001; r = - 1.23, P < 0.001 ). Menopausal age in women with 1 - 2 deliveries was significantly higher than those of women without delivery or with more than 3 deliveries,however, no difference between women with 1 and 2 deliveries or between women without deliveries and more than 3 deliveries was observed. Conclusion (1) Menopausal age and menstruation span exhibited increasing trends in Pudong district of Shanghai. (2) Menarche age and parity were the important factors influencing menopausal age and menstruation span. (3) With younger age of menarche, the menstruation span become longer. (4) Deliveries of 1 -2 times can significantly delay the menopause and prolong menstruation span, however, the multiple deliveries ( ≥ 3 times) had no significant impact on menopausal age and menstruation span.     

年龄、绝经状态与同型半胱氨酸水平的关系

目的:探讨年龄、绝经状态与同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)水平的关系。方法:搜集2012年1月—2013年10月首都医科大学附属北京友谊医院妇科门诊就诊患者450例(绝经过渡期女性123例,绝经后女性327例),年龄45~65岁、未应用过激素替代疗法(HRT)治疗,抽取空腹肘正中静脉血测量血清同型半胱氨酸水平。结果:450例患者Hcy水平为5.7~45.4μmol/L,平均(8.4±3.1)μmol/L。不考虑绝经状态和绝经时间,体质量指数(BMI)未分层和分层后,不同年龄的女性血清Hcy水平差异有统计学意义(均P0.05)。不考虑年龄因素,不同绝经状态和绝经时间的女性,血清Hcy水平差异无统计学意义(均P0.05)。校正年龄和BMI后不同绝经状态和绝经时间的女性Hcy水平差异无统计学意义(F=30.67,P0.05)。结论:不考虑绝经状态和绝经时间,不同年龄组血清Hcy水平存在差异,将BMI进行分层后,年龄仍然影响同型Hcy水平。但校正年龄和BMI后,血清Hcy水平与绝经状态无关。在绝经后妇女中,Hcy水平并不随着绝经时间的改变而改变。     

Bone Mass,Serum Lipids,and Lipoproteins during Three Years of Opposed Estrogen Replacement

The effects of three years of low dose or moderate dose hormone replacement on bone mass and serum cardiovascular risk factor were measure in post-menopausal women. After six months of calcium supplementation, women chose to add hormone replacement therapy (HRT) or to remain on calcium. Those choosing hormones were randomized either to a law dose or moderate dose group. The low dose regimen was 0.3 mg/d equine estrogen and 2.5 mg/d medroxyprogesterone for three years. The moderate dose group rook 0.625 mg/d equine estrogen (days 1-25) and 5 mg/d medroxyprogesoerone (days 16-25) for the first two years, after which the cyclical regimen was replaced with a continuous regimen of 0.625 mg/d dequine estrogen and 2.5 mg/d medroxyprogesterone.Low dose HRT prevented the loss of radius bone mass observed in subjects taking calcium only. Moderate dose HRT also protected radius bone mass, increased lumbar spine bone mass, and improved the ratio of serum high density to low density lipoproteins.     

孕妇年龄与妊娠高危因素及妊娠结局的关系

目的:探讨孕妇年龄与妊娠高危因素、妊娠结局的关系。方法:通过对2015年1月1日至2016年10月31日期间,在南方医科大学珠江医院分娩的所有产妇作为研究分析对象,按年龄划分为4组,≤24岁组543例(13.76%)、25~29岁组1648例(41.18%)、30~34岁组1208例(30.61%)、≥35岁组547例(13.86%)。统计4组不同年龄孕妇妊娠合并症、并发症的发生率和妊娠结局,将25~29岁组设为对照组(OR=1),进行二元Logsitic回归分析年龄与妊娠合并症、并发症及妊娠结局等的相关性。结果:在年龄30岁孕妇中,不良孕产史、本次辅助生殖助孕妊娠、妊娠合并子宫肌瘤、妊娠期糖尿病、瘢痕子宫OR值均1,且随年龄组增加,OR值递增。前置胎盘、多胎妊娠、产后出血,分娩巨大儿、低体质量儿、早产儿,在年龄≥35岁组中OR值1。子痫前期中年龄≤24岁组、≥35岁组OR值均1。在30~34岁组出生缺陷儿的OR值1。结论:对不同年龄孕妇,要有针对性地采取围生期检查及保健工作,及时对高危孕妇进行干预,积极治疗相关合并症,预防并发症,适时选择最佳分娩方式,综合保障母婴健康。     

Pregnancy in Women Aged 35 Years and Above: A Prospective Observational Study

Abstract

Pregnancy is affected by maternal age from conception till delivery. Various studies have been conducted globally to study this effect; few in developing countries. Maternal age is increasing in developing countries as well, so we have conducted this study.

Method

This was a prospective observational study consisting of 1,263 women booked at Jehangir hospital during a period of 2 years, fulfilling inclusion criteria and consenting for the study. They were divided into two groups; women aged 35 years and above and women less than 35 years of age. Pregnancy outcomes were studied in terms of antepartum, intrapartum and postpartum complications. Neonatal outcomes were studied in terms of birth weight and NICU admissions. Data was analyzed statistically using statistical package for social sciences version 17, by applying Chi square test and Fisher exact test. A p value below 0.05 was considered significant.

Results

Women aged 35 years and above constituted 9.63 % of the total study population. Most were multigravidae. Rate of assisted conception was significantly higher among women aged 35 years and above; early pregnancy loss was also high in this group. Pre-eclampsia and abruption were significantly higher among them. Neonatal outcomes were comparable.

Conclusion

Women with advanced maternal age are at higher risk of complications from conception till delivery and should be provided close supervision for better pregnancy outcome.     

胎儿生长受限与小肠细菌过度生长的相关性研究

目的:通过乳果糖氢呼气试验(LHBT)检测小肠细菌过度生长(SIBO),探讨胎儿生长受限(FGR)与SIBO的关系,并探讨SIBO、血清炎性指标、血清铁蛋白(SF)及血脂代谢等指标在FGR发生、发展中的作用.方法:随机选取符合入选条件的FGR孕妇50例设为病例组,另随机选取同期健康孕妇50例设为对照组;应用LHBT检测...     

Functional Variations in the NOS3 Gene Are Associated With Erectile Dysfunction Susceptibility,Age of Onset and Severity in a Han Chinese Population

BackgroundImpaired function of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) is involved in the pathologic processes of erectile dysfunction (ED), and three functional polymorphisms (G894T, T-786C, and a tandem repeat of 27 bp in intron 4) in the NOS3 gene, which encodes eNOS, are associated with the clinical characteristics of ED in several populations.AimTo investigate the effect of these variations of NOS3 on ED phenotypes and the response to sildenafil in a Han Chinese population.MethodsThis case-control study enrolled 112 patients with ED and 156 age-matched healthy men. Their medical history and laboratory data were collected. ED severity and response to sildenafil were assessed using the five-item International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-5) score. Routine polymerase chain reaction and Sanger sequencing were used to genotype the three polymorphisms of NOS3.OutcomesThe frequencies of alleles, genotypes, and haplotypes of the loci in patients and controls; the IIEF-5 scores of patients carrying the risk and non-risk genotype; and the frequencies of risk and non-risk genotypes in patients with different ages at onset and responses to sildenafil were assessed.ResultsThe frequencies of drinkers and diabetic and hyperlipidemic patients in the ED group were higher than those in the age-matched control group (P < .05). The distributions of alleles (G894T, P < .005; T-786C, P < .015), genotypes (G894T, P < 0.015; T-786C, P < .010), and haplotypes (G894T/T-786C, P < .015) of the NOS3 polymorphisms were significantly different between patients with ED and controls. An increased risk for earlier onset of ED was observed in the G894T risk genotype carriers (odds ratio = 3.572; P < .020). Patients with the risk genotype of T-786C exhibited lower IIEF-5 scores than patients with the non-risk genotype (8.2 ± 4.5 vs 12.2 ± 5.0; P < .015). The influence of the T-786C or G894T genotype on the response to sildenafil was not observed.Clinical TranslationThe detectable effect of NOS3 functional polymorphisms on ED suggests their application potential as a molecular biomarker in predicting ED susceptibility and severity in the Han Chinese population.Strengths & LimitationsThis study provides strong evidence that NOS3 functional variation is an independent risk factor for ED in the Han Chinese population, which should be confirmed in larger cohorts considering the limited number of subjects in this study.ConclusionThese results are the first to identify a clear association between NOS3 functional variation and ED susceptibility, age at onset, and severity in the Han Chinese population.Yang B, Liu L, Peng Z, et al. Functional Variations in the NOS3 Gene Are Associated With Erectile Dysfunction Susceptibility, Age of Onset and Severity in a Han Chinese Population. J Sex Med 2017;14:551–557.     

兰州大学第一医院近11年宫颈癌临床特点及发病趋势的研究

目的：探讨2007-2017年兰州大学第一医院（我院）确诊的宫颈癌患者的空间分布、发病趋势与临床特征。方法：收集2007-2017年我院确诊的1 023例宫颈癌患者的临床资料,采用趋势分析和卡方检验探讨其分布状况、年龄变化、临床特征、病理特点与发病趋势等。结果：①我院近11年收治的宫颈癌患者主要分布在甘肃省东南部,其中天水市最多（173例）,其次为兰州市（168例）,而我省西北部的患者较少,特别是敦煌市（9例）;②我院医治的宫颈癌患者总数的年际变化呈增加趋势,变化率为6.98例/年,其中兰州市增加最多,为1.33例/年,而天水市增加最少;③患病年龄集中在40～49岁和50～59岁并存在大龄化趋势,即50～59岁的患者增多,而40～49岁的患者减少,其他年龄段患者所占比例较小,无明显变化特征;平均年龄介于50～59岁的患者主要分布在甘肃省东南部,包括嘉峪关市、金昌市、庆阳市等,而介于40～49岁的主要在甘南藏族自治州和酒泉市;④Ⅰa期、Ⅰb期、Ⅱa期和Ⅳ期的高发年龄段均为40～49岁,而Ⅱb期和Ⅲ期的高发年龄段为50～59岁;鳞癌为主要病理类型（占94.53%）,其次为腺癌,腺鳞癌则较少见;⑤2007-2011年与2012-2017年宫颈癌患者临床分期、病理类型以及发病年龄比较,差异均无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。结论：我院确诊的宫颈癌患者主要分布在甘肃省东南部,年际变化呈增加趋势,患者年龄主要集中在50～59岁,呈大龄化趋势;Ⅰ期和Ⅱa期宫颈癌患者的发病年龄主要集中在40～49岁,Ⅱb期和Ⅲ期患者以50～59岁为主,这些年龄段患者均以鳞癌为主要病理类型。     

避孕针剂Mesigyna，Cyclofem对脂、糖代谢及肝功能影响的比较研究

本文比较两种避孕针剂对代谢的影响，经用药９个周期，结果显示：Ｍｅｓｉｇｙｎａ注射期间，各项脂质水平均显著下降，胰岛素反应略有增加。停药２周期后，除ＨＤＬ－Ｃ水平仍显著低于注射前水平外，其余均能恢复。Ｃｙｃｌｏｆｅｍ注射期间ＨＤＬ－Ｃ水平亦显著下降，但停药后能恢复到原基础水平，对糖代谢无明显改变。该两种针剂对肝功能皆无影响。本文提示Ｃｙｃｌｏｆｅｍ对脂、糖代谢的影响较Ｍｅｓｉｇｙｎａ为少，可以认为Ｃｙｃｌｏｆｅｍ及Ｍｅｓｉｇｙｎａ是一种安全有效的每月一次避孕针。     

基础窦卵泡数与高生育年龄患者IVF/ICSI-ET结局的关系及经济学评价

目的:探讨40岁以上女性进行体外受精/单精子卵胞浆内注射-胚胎移植(IVF/ICSI-ET)时基础窦卵泡数(bAFC)预测助孕结局的价值及所需的医疗成本。方法:将2007年1月至2010年5月于本院行IVF/ICSI-ET治疗不孕症的101例高生育年龄女性按bAFC分为3组:A组(bAFC<6个),B组(6个≤bAFC<10个)和C组(bAFC≥10个),回顾性分析各组的助孕结局及治疗成本。结果:A组45例,47个周期;B组35例,41个周期;C组21例,24个周期。3组患者的年龄、不孕年限、体重指数、促性腺激素总量、促性腺激素刺激时间和流产率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);C组的基础卵泡刺激素较低、促性腺激素启动剂量较小,人绒毛膜促性腺激素日血清E2水平较高,而获卵数、2原核期个数(2PN)、成熟卵子个数、优质胚胎数和移植胚胎数明显增加,周期临床妊娠率和着床率明显升高,与A组和B组比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。3组患者首次助孕的各项治疗费用及总费用比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:bAFC对高生育年龄女性的助孕结局具有一定的预测价值,bAFC≥10个具有较好的临床结局,而不同bAFC个数的治疗费用相似。     

Validity of Erectile Function Assessment Questionnaires in Premature Ejaculation Patients: A Comparative Study Between the Abridged Forms of the International Index of Erectile Function and Proposal for Optimal Cutoff Redefinition

BackgroundPatients with premature ejaculation (PE) are often diagnosed as having a comorbid erectile dysfunction (ED). When evaluating erectile function in PE patients with the popular International Index of Erectile Function-5 (IIEF-5, or Sexual Health Inventory for Men [SHIM]), question #5 (Q5) about sexual satisfaction in the intercourse often lowers the total score of the questionnaire, giving false-positive results for the presence of ED.AimWe aimed to compare SHIM with the other abridged form of IIEF, which is IIEF-EF, and to discriminate which tool has the best diagnostic accuracy in the evaluation of erectile function in PE patients.MethodsThe study was conducted from March 2019 to January 2020. A total of 189 heterosexual males with lifelong PE (117, 61.9%) or acquired PE (72, 38.1%) were included. They all compiled Premature Ejaculation Diagnostic Tool, IIEF-15, SHIM, and IIEF-EF and underwent a full clinical examination to evaluate their erectile function.OutcomesThe scores of the 2 erectile function assessment questionnaires (SHIM and IIEF-EF) were compared in terms of their sensitivity and specificity in the diagnosis of ED in PE patients.ResultsIn terms of diagnosing ED in PE patients, the sensitivity of SHIM is 100% while the specificity is only 36%; meanwhile, the sensitivity of IIEF-EF is 100% but specificity is 77.2%. Further analysis demonstrates that decreasing cutoff of SHIM to 17.5 would provide an increased specificity of 82.5%, while sensitivity would lower to 96.0%. However, the highest area under the curve (0.966 vs 0.941) is given by the IIEF-EF with 100% sensitivity and 80.7% specificity at the cutoff of 24.5, which is one point lower than the usual cutoff value of 25.5.Clinical ImplicationsOur study suggests that when evaluating erection function in PE patients, the cutoff of both SHIM and IIEF-EF should be amended.Strengths & Limitations.We proposed the solution for the bias of erectile function assessment in PE patients. However, other trials are needed to further validate in larger cohorts of PE patients.ConclusionWe suggest that the cutoff of SHIM and IIEF-EF should be amended (SHIM at 17.5 and IIEF-EF at 24.5, respectively) when assessing erectile function among PE population.Xi Y, Colonnello E, Ma G, et al. Validity of Erectile Function Assessment Questionnaires in Premature Ejaculation Patients: A Comparative Study Between the Abridged Forms of the International Index of Erectile Function and Proposal for Optimal Cutoff Redefinition. J Sex Med 2021;18:440–447.