Miller-Fisher综合征临床分析

目的 探讨Miller-Fisher综合征的临床特点.方法 对11例Miller-Fisher综合征患者临床特征辅助检查及治疗方法进行分析.结果 Miller-Fisher综合征急性发病,以眼外肌麻痹、共济失调、腱反射减弱或消失为主要表现.脑脊液蛋白升高10例,肌电图检查示神经源性损害6例,MRI检查未发现异常.结论 Miller-Fisher综合征主要累及周围神经.根据临床特点,结合脑脊液检查及肌电图能确诊,头颅MRI有助于诊断.     

纯感觉型吉兰-巴雷综合征1例报道并文献复习

急性炎性脱髓鞘性多神经根性神经病(AIDP),即吉兰-巴雷综合征(GBS)。临床主要表现为急性或亚急性,对称性四肢弛缓性瘫痪和脑神经损害,轻微感觉异常,脑脊液蛋白-细胞分离现象,周围神经以脱髓鞘电生理改变为特征[1]。临床上除上述典型病例外,尚有一些临床表现不典型的变异型,其中纯感觉型GBS相对少见,目前国内报道较少。现将我科     

格林—巴利综合征的流行病学、病理生理、临床分型及治疗

格林-巴利综合征(Guillaine Barre Syndrome,GBS)是以周围神经急性炎性脱髓鞘为特点的临床综合征,主要表现为四肢对称性的麻木、无力,常常累及颅神经所支配的肌肉,重者可出现呼吸肌的无力而危及生命;患者腱反射常常减弱或消失,无病理反射,可伴有四肢末梢套状感觉减退;脑脊液呈蛋白一细胞节离现象,肌电图提示周围神经脱髓鞘和/或轴索损伤.本病诊断多依靠临床表现及辅助检查.     

脊髓空洞症合并吉兰-巴雷综合征一例

目的探讨脊髓空洞症(SM)合并吉兰-巴雷综合征(GBS)的临床特点、影像学及实验室检查特征、诊断标准。方法分析1例SM合并GBS临床资料。结果患者肌电图(EMG)提示周围神经轴索损害,脑脊液(CSF)未出现"蛋白-细胞"分离现象,胸椎MRI示胸7~8椎体水平脊髓内异常信号,考虑SM。结论 GBS脑脊液检查可能不出现"蛋白-细胞"分离现象;SM临床特点结合MRI即可确诊;两者的病因、发病机制均不同,为一合并症。     

复发性吉兰-巴雷综合征的临床与病理研究(附23例报告)

目的:研究复发性吉兰-巴雷综合征(GBS)的临床和病理特征,以及急性复发性脱髓鞘性多发性神经病(复发型AIDP)与慢性复发性脱髓鞘性多发性神经病(复发型CIDP)的鉴别。方法:23例患者,复发型AIDP10例,复发型CIDP13例,分析比较二组病人的临床表现,病程特点,腰穿脑脊液(CSF)检验,肌电图电生理检查,以及腓肠神经活检病理诊断。结果:二组病例首次发病前有上呼吸道感染史者多见,复发均无诱因;临床表现为对称性肢体肌无力,末梢型感觉障碍;多数可见CSF蛋白细胞分离;肌电图呈周围性神经源性损害。与复发型CIDP比较,复发型AIDP起病较快,临床发病期病程短,恢复较为完全,复发间距长,颅神经损害更为多见。腓肠神经病理示:复发型AIDP可见炎症细胞浸润,神经纤维密度明显减少;复发型CIDP以脱髓鞘病变为主,施万细胞增生明显,可有洋葱头样改变。结论:复发型AIDP与复发型CIDP的临床与病理均有所不同,腓肠神经活检对复发性GBS具有重要的诊断价值。     

伴严重轴索损害的咽-颈-臂变异型吉兰-巴雷综合征临床特点

目的探讨咽-颈-臂(PCB)变异型吉兰-巴雷综合征(GBS)的临床特点。方法报道2014年本院收入1例PCB变异型GBS的临床表现和辅助检查结果、临床治疗效果。结果该患者临床表现为咽部-颈部-上臂肌肉无力,电生理提示运动轴索型周围神经损害。腰穿提示明显蛋白细胞分离。给予甲强龙冲击治疗后患者症状明显好转。结论 PCB变异型GBS主要表现为咽-颈-臂肌无力,而下肢通常不受累,本例患者另外突出的临床表现是发病初即出现的头部疼痛,1月后发现明显胸锁乳突肌、胸大肌、斜方肌萎缩。查体可见眼震。PCB变异型GBS为免疫介导炎性谱系疾病,临床症状可以与Bickerstaff脑干脑炎有部分交叉。     

格林-巴利综合征患者肌电图检测及其意义

目的探讨格林-巴利综合征(Guillain-Barre syndrome,GBS)患者肌电图的特点及其意义。方法采用肌电图检测技术,对86例临床诊断为GBS的患者进行肌电图检测,并比较分析与脑脊液检测结果的相关性及其差异性,即其中29例脑脊液生化值(细胞-蛋白分离)异常和16例CFS值正常的肌电图结果分析。结果临床诊断GBS 86例病例中,运动神经传导速度(MCV)异常率最高;其次是胫神经H反射。而腰穿检查结果敏感度低,异常率也低。结论 GBS患者临肌电图特征:以运动神经传导速度(MCV)异常表现为主,MCV传导速度异常高于SCV感觉传导速度;H反射异常率高于F波异常率;脑脊液常规检查蛋白细胞变异明显影响患者周围神经(MCV/SCV/H/F)传导速度。     

34例变异型吉兰-巴雷综合征的临床特点分析

目的 分析变异型吉兰-巴雷综合征(GBS)的临床特点。方法 回顾性分析2012年10月-2019年3月变异型GBS患者的临床表现、电生理及脑脊液特点。结果 共34例患者,包括Miller-Fisher综合征(MFS)及MFS变异亚型共12例,脑神经变异型(CNV)12例,急性感觉神经病(ASN)1例,急性泛自主神经病(APN)1例,咽-颈-臂(PCB)2例以及不能明确分型6例。34例变异型GBS患者中男20例、女14例(P=0.392); 发病年龄17～80岁,平均年龄(53.38±14.99)岁,中年(41～65岁)组所占比例最多(P=0.000); 20例有前驱事件,上呼吸道感染占65%; 首发症状以肢体麻木(38.2%)、吞咽困难(29.4%)、吐词不清(23.5%)多见; 97.1%的患者发病4周内达高峰; 需机械通气者5.9%; 疾病开始恢复的中位时间13 d,住院中位时长13.5 d; 64.7%的患者腱反射减弱或消失; 在完成腰椎穿刺检查的患者中脑脊液蛋白-细胞分离者58.6%; 发病到完善神经电生理检查的平均时间(10.70±7.32)d,85.2%神经电生理检查表现异常; 50%患者给予静脉注射免疫球蛋白(IVIg)治疗,14.7%患者给予激素治疗,8.8%患者给予免疫球蛋白联合激素治疗,除外1例患者主动要求出院,其余治疗均有效。结论 变异型GBS临床表现多样,常无典型急性四肢对称性迟缓性麻痹等症状,临床诊断需要综合判断,出现一些少见的临床表现并不能除外GBS的诊断,脑脊液和神经电生理检查可以帮助提高诊断,详尽的病史及神经系统查体尤为重要,免疫球蛋白和激素治疗有效。     

Guillain-Barré综合征患者电生理分型分析

目的探讨Guillain-Barré综合征（GBS）的电生理学分型及各型间的差异。方法根据电生理检测结果对54例GBS患者作电生理分型,并对各型的临床表现和脑脊液检验结果进行比较分析。结果54例患者中;行电生理检查的有42例,其中脱髓鞘型占19例（45．24％）,轴索型11例（26．19％）,不明确型5例（11．90％）,正常型7例（16．67％）,失神经电位型0例。大部分脱髓鞘型GBS患者多半伴有不同程度的轴索损害。脱髓鞘型与轴索型之间脑脊液蛋白含量及脑脊液异常率之间有明显差异（P均〈0．05）;在前驱感染及F波异常率之间没有差异（P均〉0．05）。结论电生理检查对GBS具有快捷、经济、安全和微创等优点,但目前尚无统一的分型,其对GBS的诊断具有重要的意义。     

伴神经源性损害的非炎性肌病临床与电生理特点

目的探究伴神经源性损害的非炎性肌病患者临床及电生理特点。方法回顾性收集自2015至2017年我院明确诊断为肌肉疾病且在我院肌电图室完成常规肌电图检查的所有患者,分析伴神经源性损害且诊断为非炎性肌病患者的临床及电生理特点。结果共收集经基因检测或肌肉活检明确诊断为肌肉疾病患者110例,肌电图出现神经源性损害者为10例,其中出现神经源性损害且为非炎性肌病者4例。上述4例患者分别为1例脂质沉积性肌病、1例中央轴空病、1例包涵体肌病及1例Welander型远端型肌病;肌电图均合并神经源性损害,同时伴或不伴周围神经损害。结论少数非炎性肌病患者肌电图可出现神经源性损害,肌电图不能作为诊断肌肉疾病的单独标准。     

Ultrasonography of the peripheral nervous system in the early stage of Guillain‐Barré syndrome

Ultrasonography can be used to visualize peripheral nerve abnormalities in immune‐mediated neuropathies. The objective of this study was to prove the role of ultrasonography (US) in acute phase of Guillain‐Barré syndrome (GBS). Systematic ultrasonic measurements of several peripheral nerves including the vagal nerve as well as the sixth cervical nerve root were performed in 18 patients with GBS at days 1–3 after symptom onset and compared to 21 healthy controls. Nerve conduction studies (NCS) of corresponding nerves were undertaken. Consequently, significant differences between the groups were found in compound muscle action potential amplitudes, F‐wave latency, and persistency. Ultrasonic cross‐sectional areas (CSAs) showed significant enlargement in all nerves except of the ulnar nerve (upper arm) and the sural nerve compared to healthy controls, most prominent in proximal and middle median nerve (p < 0.01). The vagal nerve also showed enlargement compared to controls (p < 0.05), which was most pronounced in patients with autonomic dysfunction compared to patients without (p < 0.05). C6 root diameter showed a significant correlation to the amount of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)‐protein (Pearson correlation, p < 0.05). US shows nerve enlargement in several peripheral nerves including vagal nerve and C6 root in acute phase of GBS and could be an additional diagnostic tool for example, in GBS of atypical onset and autonomic dysfunction.     

Clinical features of patients with Guillain‐Barré syndrome at seven hospitals on the East Coast of Australia

To document the clinical features of Guillain‐Barré syndrome (GBS) in Australia, we performed a retrospective analysis of all patients admitted to several hospitals along the East Coast of Australia from 2000 to 2012. Using hospital records, we reviewed all patients with a diagnosis of GBS admitted to seven hospitals. From these, we report information of subjects who fulfilled standard diagnostic criteria. We excluded patients where inadequate information was available or who were under the age of 18. We report the features of 335 patients, in 228 of whom neurophysiological data were available. There were 168 cases of acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (AIDP), 17 of acute motor axonal neuropathy (AMAN), 4 of acute motor and sensory axonal neuropathy (AMSAN), and 35 of Miller‐Fisher syndrome (MFS). The median age at onset was 52.5 years (18–89 years) with a male : female ratio of 1.61 : 1. Upper respiratory tract infections were the most frequently identified trigger (151 subjects, 44.5%). Most patients were severely affected, with 42.7% of subjects bedbound, and an additional 24% requiring ventilatory support. GBS affects adults of all ages and usually follows a severe clinical course. In contrast to other autoimmune diseases, males are more frequently affected. A wide variety of triggering factors leads to a relatively stereotypical clinical syndrome. The most common variant of GBS in Australia is AIDP. This study shows that the clinical features of GBS in Australia are similar to that previously reported and confirms the male predominance, increased incidence with age, and frequent evidence of peripheral nerve demyelination as features of GBS.     

Sensory Guillain-Barré syndrome

OBJECTIVE: To report eight cases of sensory Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS). BACKGROUND: The concept of sensory equivalent to ascending paralysis of GBS was raised in 1958, and the diagnostic criteria for a sensory loss and areflexia variant of GBS were proposed in 1981. However, clinical cases meeting these criteria have been relatively scarce. METHODS: During a 13-year period between 1986 and 1999, the authors collected eight cases of an acute sensory demyelinating neuropathy that met most of the proposed diagnostic criteria of a sensory variant of GBS. RESULTS: In all patients, sensory neuropathy was sudden at onset and peaked to maximal deficit within 4 weeks. In five (63%) cases, there was an antecedent viral illness. All patients had objective sensory loss and diminished or absent reflexes. None showed any muscle weakness. In all four patients in whom the spinal fluid was examined during the first 4 weeks, there was albuminocytologic dissociation. All of the patients had electrophysiologic evidence of demyelination in at least two nerves. Demyelination was demonstrated in motor nerve conduction in seven patients and in sensory nerve conduction in one, indicating that motor nerve conduction studies were the key for the diagnosis of demyelinating neuropathy. All patients had sensory nerve conduction abnormalities in at least one nerve. Three patients responded to immunotherapies. All had a favorable outcome, with a monophasic course of disease and no sign of relapse. CONCLUSION: The current study confirms the existence of sensory GBS.     

Miller fisher syndrome: a hospital-based retrospective study

Miller Fisher syndrome (MFS), characterized as ataxia, areflexia and ophthalmoplegia, is generally considered as a variant of Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS). However, some investigators believed that the syndrome could be explained by a central origin. To obtain more information about MFS for comparison with GBS, we conducted a retrospective study by analyzing the clinical data of MFS patients admitted to our hospital over a period of 11 years. The calibrated male/female ratio was 1.65. A seasonal clustering in winter was noted. The percentage of MFS among GBS was especially high (18%, 11/60) in Taiwan when compared with other series. Involvement of limb muscle strength, autonomic function and cranial nerves, except ocular motor nerves, was rarely found in our patients. When MFS is accompanied by limb weakness, it might represent a transitional form between MFS and GBS. Bulbar palsy and dysautonomia might predict a relatively poor prognosis. To obtain more reliable information, lumbar puncture should be done 1 week after disease onset, and electrophysiological tests should be done serially in every MFS patient. Eighty percent (80%, 4/5) of our patients were positive for IgG anti-GQ(1b) antibody activity. In our study, there is more evidence indicating that MFS is a peripheral nervous system disorder; however, no definite conclusion could be made as to whether MFS is exclusively a peripheral or central nervous system disorder. We think MFS is an immune-mediated clinical entity which mainly involves the peripheral nervous system with rare involvement of other parts of the central nervous system.     

Proximal nerve lesions in early Guillain–Barré syndrome: implications for pathogenesis and disease classification

Guillain–Barré syndrome (GBS) is an acute-onset, immune-mediated disorder of the peripheral nervous system. In early GBS, arbitrarily established up to 10 days of disease onset, patients could exhibit selective manifestations due to involvement of the proximal nerves, including nerve roots, spinal nerves and plexuses. Such manifestations are proximal weakness, inaugural nerve trunk pain, and atypical electrophysiological patterns, which may lead to delayed diagnosis. The aim of this paper was to analyze the nosology of early GBS reviewing electrophysiological, autopsy and imaging studies, both in acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (AIDP) and acute motor/motor-sensory axonal neuropathy (AMAN/AMSAN). Early electrophysiology showed either well-defined demyelinating or axonal patterns, or a non-diagnostic pattern with abnormal late responses; there may be attenuated M responses upon lumbar root stimulation as the only finding. Pathological changes predominated in proximal nerves, in some studies, most prominent at the sides where the spinal roots unite to form the spinal nerves; on very early GBS endoneurial inflammatory edema was the outstanding feature. In the far majority of cases, spinal magnetic resonance imaging showed contrast enhancement of cauda equina, selectively involving anterior roots in AMAN. Both in AIDP and AMAN/AMSAN, ultrasonography has demonstrated frequent enlargement of ventral rami of C5–C7 nerves with blurred boundaries, whereas sonograms of upper and lower extremity peripheral nerves exhibited variable and less frequent abnormalities. We provide new insights into the pathogenesis and classification of early GBS.     

协同刺激分子在格林-巴利综合征患者 脑脊液、血及周围神经中的表达

目的　探讨协同刺激分子在格林 巴利综合征 (GBS)患者脑脊液、血和周围神经组织中的表达及其作用。方法　用RT PCR法及原位杂交法观察GBS患者外周血、脑脊液和周围神经组织中协同刺激分子B7 1、B7 2、CD2 8、CTLA 4的表达。结果　GBS患者外周血、CSF和周围神经组织中协同刺激分子CD2 8、B7 1、B7 2在炎性细胞上的表达明显高于对照组 ;GBS患者CSF中CD2 8、B7 1、B7 2mRNA的表达明显高于外周血。结论　在GBS发病过程中协同刺激分子的表达对T细胞的活化 ,进而导致体液免疫和细胞免疫反应起重要作用。     

Miller-Fisher综合征临床特点及亚型诊断(附27例报告)

目的分析Miller-Fisher综合征(MFS)的临床特点,并对其进行亚型诊断,以加深对其认识,提高诊治水平。方法回顾性分析27例诊断为MFS患者的发病诱因、临床表现、实验室检查、治疗及预后等临床资料,并依据2014年GBS分类专家组制定的Guillain-Barré综合征(GBS)和MFS的新分类和诊断标准进行亚型诊断。所有患者接受脑脊液、肌电图及血清抗GQ-1b抗体检测。结果27例患者平均患病年龄为(41.0±22.6)岁,14例患者有前驱感染史,主要临床表现为复视、步态不稳,主要体征为眼外肌麻痹、共济失调、腱反射减弱或消失等。18例患者出现蛋白细胞分离现象;17例患者血清抗GQ-1b抗体阳性;26例患者出现不同程度的神经根及周围神经受损表现。亚型诊断:典型MFS患者19例,MFS与GBS重叠型(MFS/GBS)5例,急性眼睑下垂(AP)1例,急性瞳孔散大(AM)1例,急性共济失调性神经病(AAN)1例。除1例患者仅接受营养神经等治疗外,余26例患者分别接受了免疫球蛋白和(或)激素冲击治疗,所有患者出院时症状好转。结论 MFS的诊断需要结合患者临床表现、脑脊液检查、神经电生理检查和血清抗GQ-1b抗体等,患者予以免疫球蛋白和(或)激素冲击治疗预后良好。     

Guillain-Barré syndrome after brachial plexus trauma: case report

The Guilllain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is an acute predominantly demyelinating polyneuropathy. In many cases GBS is preceding by infection, immunization, surgery or trauma. Although there are a few reports of GBS after head trauma, there is no report of this syndrome after brachial plexus injury. We report on a 51 years-old man who presented GBS fifteen days after a brachial plexus trauma. The polineuropathy resolved completely in a few weeks. We believe that GBS was triggered by the trauma that evoked an immune mediated disorder producing inflammation and demyelination of the peripheral nerves.     

格林—巴利综合征患者血清和脑脊液中的抗硫脂抗体

探讨抗硫脂抗体与格林－巴利综合征（ＧＢＳ）的关系。方法采用固相酶联免疫吸附法对急性期ＧＢＳ患者血清和脑脊液（ＣＳＦ）中抗硫脂ＩｇＧ和ＩｇＭ抗体进行检测。结果ＧＢＳ患者血清和ＣＳＦ中抗硫脂ＩｇＧ及ＩｇＭ抗体的阳性率均明显高于正常对照组；血清中抗硫脂ＩｇＭ抗体滴度与标本收集时患者发病天数呈负相关（Ｐ＜０．０５），而血清中抗硫脂ＩｇＧ抗体滴度与临床分级（Ｐ＜０．０１）、ＣＳＦ中抗硫脂ＩｇＧ抗体滴度（Ｐ＜０．０１）呈正相关；血清中抗硫脂ＩｇＧ或ＩｇＭ阳性的ＧＢＳ患者，体检时有不同程度的感觉障碍患者为５６％，而血清中抗硫脂抗体阴性患者仅为１６％，两者之间差异有显著意义（Ｐ＜０．０５）。结论抗硫脂抗体可能在ＧＢＳ的病理过程中起重要作用