戊乙奎醚对心肺转流中患者血浆sTM和vWF水平的影响

目的研究戊乙奎醚(长托宁)对心肺转流(CPB)全身性血管内皮细胞(VEC)急性损伤的保护作用。方法30例择期瓣膜置换手术患者随机分为两组,每组15例。观察组术前肌注戊乙奎醚0.02mg/kg和吗啡0.01mg/kg;东莨菪碱组术前肌注东莨菪碱0.3mg和吗啡0.01mg/kg。分别于术前、CPB前、CPB后30min、停CPB、手术结束、术后1d和3d采血测血浆可溶性血栓调节蛋白(sTM)和血管性假血友病因子(vWF)的变化。结果两组血浆sTM和vWF在CPB后30min至术后1d均显著增高(P<0.01),术后3d恢复到术前水平。观察组患者CPB期间至术后3d的所有指标均低于对照组。结论CPB可导致全身性VEC急性损伤,戊乙奎醚可以显著减轻CPB导致的VEC损伤。     

盐酸戊乙奎醚作为儿童心脏手术术前药的临床应用

目的比较盐酸戊乙奎醚和东莨菪碱用作儿童心脏手术术前药的有效性和安全性。方法ASAⅠ~Ⅱ级的先天性心脏病择期手术患儿60例,随机分为两组:盐酸戊乙奎醚组(P组,n=30)和东莨菪碱组(S组,n=30)。术前30min,P组肌注吗啡0·2mg/kg、盐酸戊乙奎醚0·02mg/kg;S组肌注吗啡0·2mg/kg、东莨菪碱0·01mg/kg。分别于给药前和给药后30min记录RR、HR、BP及体温;给药后30min测量和记录唾液分泌量、口干程度和镇静程度,以及面红、头晕、视物模糊、恶心呕吐等不良反应;另外,分别于气管插管后、手术结束前以及术后4h记录吸痰量。结果与给药前比较,给药后30minP组HR和体温差异无显著意义,S组HR和体温明显升高(P<0·05,P<0·01);两组唾液分泌量、口干程度、镇静评分以及面红、头晕、恶心呕吐、视物模糊等不良反应差异均无显著意义,但P组患儿拔管后恶心呕吐发生率明显减少(P<0·01)。与术后4h比,两组气管插管后、手术结束前呼吸道分泌物差异无显著意义。结论盐酸戊乙奎醚用作儿童心脏手术术前药安全有效,并且具有对HR影响小,明显减少术后恶心呕吐发生率,对儿童体温影响较小等优点。     

盐酸戊乙奎醚对围体外循环期大鼠肠粘膜屏障功能的影响

目的 探讨不同剂量盐酸戊乙奎醚对围体外循环(CPB)期大鼠肠粘膜屏障功能的影响.方法 雄性sD大鼠30只,体重300～400 g,随机分为5组(n=6):假手术组(S组)、CPB组、高剂量盐酸戊乙奎醚组(PH组)、中剂量盐酸戊乙奎醚组(PM组)和低剂量盐酸戊乙奎醚组(PL组).建立大鼠CPB模型,S组仅置管不转流,PH组、PM组、PL组和CPB组分别在预冲液中加入盐酸戊乙奎醚2、0.6、0.2 mg/kg和等容量生理盐水.停CPB后2 h取大鼠肠系膜上静脉及腔静脉血,测定血浆D-乳酸、内毒素(LPS)浓度和二胺氧化酶(DAO)活性,透射电镜下观察小肠粘膜病理学结果.结果 与S组比较,CPB组、PH组、PM组和PL组血浆D-乳酸、LPS浓度和DAO活性升高(P＜0.05);与CPB组比较,PH组和PM组血浆D-乳酸、LPS浓度和DAO活性降低(P＜0.05);与PL组比较,PM组和PH组血浆DAO活性、D-乳酸和LPS浓度降低(P＜0.05);与PM组比较,PH组血浆DAO活性和D-乳酸浓度降低(P＜0.05).PH组和PM组小肠上皮病理损伤程度较CPB组和PL组明显减轻.结论 预充液中加入盐酸戊乙奎醚0.6 mg/kg或2 mg/kg可减轻围CPB期大鼠肠粘膜屏障功能的损伤,且呈剂量依赖性.     

丙泊酚对心肺转流病人血浆血栓调节蛋白和血管性假血友病因子水平的影响

目的 探讨丙泊酚用于心肺转流(CPB)对全身性血管内皮细胞(VEC)急性损伤的保护作用.方法 30例心脏瓣膜置换术病人随机均分为观察组和对照组,CPB过程中分别持续输注丙泊酚、硝酸甘油维持病人血流动力学的稳定.分别于术前、CPB前、CPB 30 min、停CPB、手术结束、术后1、3 d采血动态监测两组病人血浆可溶性血栓调节蛋白(sTM)和血管性假血友病因子(vWF)的变化.结果 两组病人血浆sTM和vWF在CPB期间和术后1 d均显著增高(P＜0.05或P＜0.01).观察组病人CPB期间至术后3d的所有指标均低于对照组(P＜0.05或P(0.01).观察组的指标术后3 d恢复到术前水平.对照组未能恢复.结论 CPB可导致全身性VEC的急性损伤,丙泊酚可以减轻CPB导致的VEC损伤.     

盐酸戊乙奎醚对腹腔镜下胃癌根治术围术期胃动素和胃泌素的影响

目的观察盐酸戊乙奎醚对腹腔镜下胃癌根治术患者围术期胃动素(MTL)、胃泌素(GAS)变化的影响。方法选择行腹腔镜下胃癌根治术的胃癌患者50例,按双盲法随机均分为两组:盐酸戊乙奎醚组(P组),术前30min肌注盐酸戊乙奎醚0.01mg/kg,阿托品组(A组),术前30min肌注阿托品0.01mg/kg。分别于术前12h(T0)、手术开始(T1)、术毕(T2)、术后24h(T3)、48h(T4)采集4ml静脉血,应用放射免疫分析法测定血浆MTL、血清GAS含量。观察围术期循环系统的变化及肛门首次排气时间。结果 T2～T4时两组MTL含量明显低于T0时,且P组MTL、GAS明显高于A组(P<0.05)。术后首次排气时间P组(85±10)h明显早于A组(93±13)h(P<0.05)。结论麻醉前应用盐酸戊乙奎醚较应用阿托品围术期MTL、GAS含量有所增加,更有助于胃肠功能的恢复。     

盐酸戊乙奎醚术前应用对患者呼吸功能的影响

目的探讨盐酸戊乙奎醚术前用药对全麻下患者呼吸功能的影响。方法气管内插管全麻患者80例,ASAⅠ或Ⅱ级,随机均分为两组,插管后10 min分别静脉推注盐酸戊乙奎醚0.01mg/kg（P组）或东莨菪碱0.006mg/kg（S组）。监测给药前、给药后5、10、20、30min呼吸力学参数变化和给药前、给药后30min的动脉血气分析结果。结果给药后10、20、30min P组胸肺顺应性（Comp）明显高于给药前（P<0.05）,且在给药后20、30min时明显高于S组（P<0.05）。两组给药前、给药后30min PaO₂和氧合指数（OI）差异无统计学意义。结论盐酸戊乙奎醚术前应用可明显降低全麻气管插管后气道阻力及气道压力,增加Comp,改善肺功能。     

术前肌注盐酸戊乙奎醚对口腔颌面外科患者心率、血压的影响

目的比较盐酸戊乙奎醚和阿托品用作口腔手术患者术前药的临床效果。方法300例ASAⅠ～Ⅱ择期全麻下行口腔颌面外科手术患者,随机分为两组,盐酸戊乙奎醚组(Ⅰ组)和阿托品组(Ⅱ组),每组150例。两组患者分别于三角肌注射盐酸戊乙奎醚0.01mg/kg和阿托品0.01mg/kg,观察注药后10、20和30min的血压、心率。结果Ⅰ组患者心率、血压无明显变化(P>0.05),Ⅱ组注药20min后心率明显增快(P<0.05),而血压无明显变化(P>0.05)。结论术前肌注盐酸戊乙奎醚不影响血压和心率。     

盐酸戊乙奎醚对体外循环致大鼠脑损伤的影响

目的 评价盐酸戊乙奎醚对体外循环(CPB)致大鼠脑损伤的影响.方法 成年雄性SD大鼠30只,随机分为5组(n=6),假手术组(S组)仅进行动脉和静脉穿刺置管,CPB组、低剂量盐酸戊乙奎醚组(PL组)、中剂量盐酸戊乙奎醚组(PM组)和高剂量盐酸戊乙奎醚组(PH组)建立CPB模型,PL组、PM组和PH组分别在预冲液中加入盐酸戊乙奎醚0.2、0.6、2.0 mg/kg,CPB组加入等容量生理盐水.停CPB后2 h采集上腔静脉血样,测定血浆神经元特异性烯醇化酶(NSE)和S-100β蛋白浓度.然后取脑组织,透射电镜下观察海马区神经元的超微结构.结果 与S组比较,其余4组血浆NSE和S-100β蛋白浓度升高(P＜0.05);与CPB组和PL组比较,PH组和PM组血浆NSE和S-100β蛋白浓度降低(P＜0.05);与PM组比较,PH组血浆S-100β蛋白浓度降低(P＜0.05).PH组和PM组海马区神经元损伤程度轻于CPB组和PL组.结论 预充液中加入盐酸戊乙奎醚0.6或2.0 mg/kg可减轻CPB致大鼠脑损伤,且呈剂量依赖性.     

不同剂量盐酸戊乙奎醚对老年患者术后早期认知功能的影响

目的观察老年患者术前应用不同剂量盐酸戊乙奎醚对术后认知功能的影响。方法择期全麻下行非心脏手术老年患者120例,年龄65～78岁,ASAⅡ或Ⅲ级,按照不同剂量盐酸戊乙奎醚均分为:低剂量组(A组)静注盐酸戊乙奎醚0.005mg/kg、中剂量组(B组)静注盐酸戊乙奎醚0.01mg/kg和高剂量组(C组)静注盐酸戊乙奎醚0.015mg/kg。均采用全麻,麻醉诱导和维持用药相同。记录注药前、注药后10、20、30min的SBP、DBP、HR和SpO2,用VAS评分评定上述各时点患者口干程度,记录术中气道分泌物,术前及术后24、48、72h采用简易智力状态检查法(MMSE)评估患者认知功能。结果 C组术中气道分泌物明显少于A、B组(P<0.05);B、C组认知功能障碍(POCD)发生率明显高于A组(P<0.05)。与注药前比较,注药后20、30min三组患者口干评分明显升高(P<0.05);且C组明显高于A组(P<0.05)。术后24、48hB、C组MMSE评分明显低于术前和A组(P<0.05)。术后72h内POCD发生率A组(10%)明显低于B组(25%)和C组(30%)(P<0.05)。结论老年患者术前静注不同剂量盐酸戊乙奎醚明显抑制气道腺体分泌作用,且对心率无影响,但可导致剂量相关的POCD,采用低剂量相对安全。     

不同剂量盐酸戊乙奎醚术前用药与老年患者术后谵妄发生率的关系

目的观察术前应用不同剂量盐酸戊乙奎醚与老年患者术后谵妄发生率的关系。方法随机选取289例行全身麻醉的老年手术患者,随机分为三组,P1组（n=98）：术前30min肌注盐酸戊乙奎醚0.01mg/kg;P2组（n=95）：术前30min肌注盐酸戊乙奎醚0.02mg/kg（最大量不超过1mg）;C组（n=96）：术前30min肌注阿托品0.01mg/kg（最大量不超过1mg）。依据CAM-CR评估各组老年患者术后24～72h内的谵妄程度。结果 P2组患者术后谵妄发生率明显高于P1和C组（P〈0.05）。结论术前肌注盐酸戊乙奎醚0.01mg/kg不增加老年患者术后谵妄的发生率,而肌注盐酸戊乙奎醚0.02mg/kg可增加老年患者术后谵妄的发生率。     

盐酸戊乙奎醚预处理对大鼠脑缺血/再灌注损伤所致脑梗死体积和神经元凋亡的影响

乙酰胆碱(Ach)是脑内经典的兴奋性递质,作用于M型和N型胆碱受体,与大脑的多种高级神经功能有关。研究发现,脑缺血时Ach释放异常增加,若干胆碱酯酶抑制剂对神经元有损害作用[1]。也有研究表明Ach可加强谷氨酸(G lu)诱导的培养海马神经元变性,且这种作用是通过M型胆碱受体来实现的。G lu和Ach可能在缺血性脑损伤中有放大的协同作用[2]。脑内突触前N型胆碱受体激活后也能够增加包括G lu在内的多种递质的释放[3]。本实验选用对M型和N型胆碱受体都有阻滞作用的新型胆碱能受体阻滞剂盐酸戊乙奎醚为研究药,以东莨菪碱为阳性对照药,通过观察脑…     

盐酸戊乙奎醚后处理对心肌缺血-再灌注大鼠心功能的影响

目的探讨盐酸戊乙奎醚后处理对心肌缺血-再灌注(IR)大鼠心功能的影响。方法选择SPF级健康雄性Wistar大鼠32只,8周龄,体重220~250 g。将大鼠随机分为四组:假手术组(S组)、假手术+盐酸戊乙奎醚组(SP组)、IR组和IR+盐酸戊乙奎醚后处理组(IP组),每组8只。S组冠状动脉左前降支仅穿线不结扎,30 min后经尾静脉注射生理盐水1 mg/kg。SP组冠状动脉左前降支仅穿线不结扎,30 min后经尾静脉注射盐酸戊乙奎醚1 mg/kg。IR组冠状动脉左前降支穿线结扎30 min后,松开结扎线,再灌注3 h。于再灌注(松开结扎线)前即刻经尾静脉注射生理盐水1 mg/kg。IP组于再灌注前即刻经尾静脉注射盐酸戊乙奎醚1 mg/kg。于开胸前5 min、再灌注后3、6 h,采用经胸超声心动图监测大鼠左心室舒张末压(LVEDP)、左心室收缩末压(LVESP)、左心室射血分数(LVEF)、左心室缩短分数(LVFS),采用智能血压计监测大鼠尾动脉MAP,采用ELISA法检测血清肌钙蛋白T(cTnT)浓度。结果与开胸前5 min比较,再灌注后3、6 h IR组和IP组LVEDP明显升高,LVESP、LVEF、LVFS、MAP明显降低(P<0.05);再灌注后3、6 h S组、IR组和IP组血清cTnT浓度明显升高(P<0.05)。与再灌注后3 h比较,再灌注后6 h IR组LVEDP、血清cTnT浓度明显升高,LVESP、LVEF、LVFS、MAP明显降低(P<0.05)。与S组比较,再灌注后3、6 h IR组和IP组LVEDP、血清cTnT浓度明显升高,LVESP、LVEF、LVFS、MAP明显降低(P<0.05)。与IR组比较,再灌注后3、6 h IP组LVEDP、血清cTnT浓度明显降低,LVESP、LVEF、LVFS、MAP明显升高(P<0.05)。S组和SP组上述指标差异均无统计学意义。结论盐酸戊乙奎醚后处理能够维持血流动力学稳定,降低cTnT浓度,改善心肌缺血-再灌注大鼠的心功能。     

Effects of penehyclidine hydrochloride on apoptosis of lung tissues in rats with traumatic acute lung injury

Objective： To investigate the effects ofpenehyclidine hydrochloride on apoptosis of lung tissue cells and its mechanism in acute lung injury following blunt chest trauma in rats. Methods： Sprague Dawley （SD） rats （n=54） weighing （250-25） g were divided equally and randomly into three groups： normal control group （C group, n= 18）, trauma model group （T group, n= 18） and penehyclidine hydrochloride treatment group （P group, n=18）. Each group was further divided into three subgroups according to the time points of 3, 12 and 24 hours after experiment （at each time point, n=6 for each subgroup）. Rats of P group were intraperitoneally injected with penehyclidine hydrochloride for 2 mg/kg immediately after blunt chest trauma and rats in its 24 hours subgroup were once again injected with penehyclidine hy- drochloride in the same dose 12 hours after injury. Lung tissue samples were collected at every time point and cell apoptosis in lung tissues were measured by TUNEL. Apoptotic index （AI） was calculated, expressions of bax and bcl-2 were detected by immunohistochemical staining of SABC, and lung tissue sections were taken for light and electron microscopic observation. Results： As compared with C group, at every time point, AI and expressions ofbax and bcl-2 in T group were higher （P〈0.05）, and the ratio of bcl-2/bax markedly decreased （P〈0.05）, especially in the 24 hours subgroup. The ratio in T group （0.468±0.007） was lower than that in C group （1.382±0.058, t=12.5, P〈0.01）. Lung tissue injuries were significant under a light microscope, and the number of apoptotic cells increased obviously under a transmission electron microscope. As compared with T group at the same phase, AI and expression of bax decreased in P group （P〈0.05 and P〈0.01）, while the expression of bcl-2 increased significantly （P〈0.01）, and the ratio of bcl-2/bax markedly increased （P〈0.05）, especially in the 24 hours subgroup. The ratio in P group （1.012-0.070） was much higher than that in T group （0.468±0.007, t=-8.3, P〈0.01）. The injury of lung tissues was relieved, and apoptosis of cells decreased obviously under a transmission electron microscopic observation. Conclusions： Apoptosis and expressions ofbax and bcl-2 in lung tissues might be involved in the pathogenesis of lung injury induced by blunt chest trauma. Penehyclidine hydrochloride can alleviate lung injuries by inhibiting apoptosis of lung tissue cells, during which effects ofpenehyclidine hydrochloride on regulating expressions ofbax and bcl-2 may play an important role.     

静脉注射盐酸戊乙奎醚或多索茶碱对慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者非开胸手术时呼吸力学的影响

目的 评价静脉注射盐酸戊乙奎醚或多索茶碱对慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)患者非开胸手术时呼吸力学的影响.方法 择期行非开胸手术的COPD患者135例,年龄55～86岁,体重44～78 g,ASA分级Ⅱ或Ⅲ级,采用随机数字表法,将其随机分为3组(n=45):对照组(c组)、盐酸戊乙奎醚组(P组)和多索茶碱组(D组).麻醉诱导:静脉注射芬太尼4μg/kg、异丙酚1.5 mg/kg和顺阿曲库铵0.2 mg/kg,气管插管后行机械通气,维持PErCO2 40mm Hg.气管插管后5 rin时P组静脉注射盐酸戊乙奎醚0.01 mg/kg,D组静脉注射多索茶碱4 mg/kg,C组静脉注射等容量生理盐水.麻醉维持:静脉输注异丙酚5mg·kg-1·h-1和顺阿曲库铵0.2 mg·kg-1·h-1,间断静脉注射芬太尼.术中维持听觉诱发电位指数15～20.于给药前即刻、给药后30、45和60min时,记录气道峰压、气道平台压、肺顺应性和气道阻力.结果 与C组比较,给药后各时点P组和D组气道峰压、气道平台压和气道阻力均降低,肺顺应性升高(P＜0.05);P组和D组各时点呼吸力学各参数比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 静脉注射盐酸戊乙奎醚和多索茶碱均可改善COPD患者非开胸手术时的呼吸力学,有利于通气.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the effects of intravenous penehyclidine hydrochloride or doxofylline on respiratory mechanics during non-thoracotomy in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).Methods One hundred and thirty-five ASA Ⅱ or Ⅲ patients with COPD, aged 55-86 yr, weighing 44-78 kg,scheduled for elective non-thoracotomy under general anesthesia, were randomly divided into 3 groups ( n = 45 each): control group (group C), penehyclidine hydrochloride group (group P) and doxofylline group (group D).Anesthesia was induced with fentanyl 4 μg/kg, propofol 1.5 rg/kg and cis-atracurium 0.2 mg/kg. The patients were tracheal intubated and mechanically ventilated. PETCO2 was maintained at 40 mm Hg. At 5 rin after tracheal intubation, penehyclidine hydrochloride 0.01 mg/kg was injected intravenously in group P, and doxofylline 4 mg/kg was injected intravenously in group D. The equal volume of normal saline was injected intravenously in group C. Anesthesia was maintained with propofol 5 mg· kg- 1 · h- 1, eis-atracurium 0.2 mg· kg- 1 · h- 1, and intermittent iv boluses of fentsnyl. The auditory evoked potential index was maintained at 15-20 during operation. The peak airway pressure, airway plateau pressure, lung compliance and airway resistance were recorded immediately before administration, and at 30, 45 and 60 rin after administration. Results Compared with group C, the peak airway pressure, airway plateau pressure and airway resistance were significantly decreased, while the lung compliance was significantly increased at each time point after administration in groups P and D ( P ＜ 0.05 ). There was no significant difference in the parameters of respiratory mechanics at each time point between group P and group D ( P ＞ 0.05). Conclusion Both intravenous penehyclidine hydrochloride and doxofylline can improve respiratory mechanics during non-thoracotomy in patients with COPD.     

盐酸戊乙奎醚复合乌司他丁对体外循环心脏瓣膜置换术患者肺损伤的影响

目的 评价盐酸戊乙奎醚复合乌司他丁对体外循环(CPB)心脏瓣膜置换术患者肺损伤的影响.方法 择期行CPB心脏瓣膜置换术患者60例,年龄33～64岁,体重47～81 kg,性别不限,ASA分级Ⅱ或Ⅲ级,心功能分级Ⅱ或Ⅲ级,随机分为4组(n=15):对照组(C组)、乌司他丁组(U组)、盐酸戊乙奎醚组(P组)和盐酸戊乙奎醚复合乌司他丁组(PU组).CPB结束后30 min时,C组将PEEP增至8 cm H2O;U组、P组和PU组分别静脉注射乌司他丁2万U/kg、盐酸戊乙奎醚0.05 mg/kg、盐酸戊乙奎醚0.05 mg/kg和乌司他丁2万U/kg,然后将PEEP增至8 cm H2O.于CPB结束后30 min、3、6 h、术后12和24 h时,测定PaO2,计算氧合指数;于上述时点记录气道峰压和气道平台压,计算肺顺应性;于上述各时点采用ELISA法测定血清TNF-αIL-6、IL-8及IL-10的浓度;于CPB结束后6 h和术后12、24 h时行肺损伤评分.结果 与C组比较,U组、P组和PU组氧合指数和肺顺应性升高,肺损伤评分降低(P＜0.05或0.01);与U组和P组比较,PU组氧合指数和顺应性升高,肺损伤评分降低(P＜0.05).与C组比较,U组、P组和PU组血清TNF-α、IL-6和IL-8的浓度降低,IL-10浓度升高(P＜0.05或0.01);与U组和P组比较,PU组血清TNF-α、IL-6和IL-8的浓度降低,IL-10浓度升高(P＜0.05).U组和P组间上述标比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 盐酸戊乙奎醚复合乌司他丁可减轻CPB心脏瓣膜置换术患者肺损伤,其机制可能与抑制炎性反应有关.     

盐酸戊乙奎醚对心肺转流患者肠损伤和炎性因子的影响

目的 探讨盐酸戊乙奎醚对心肺转流(CPB)患者肠损伤和炎性因子的影响.方法 40例ASA Ⅱ或Ⅲ级心瓣膜置换术患者,随机均分为盐酸戊乙奎醚组(P组)和对照组(C组),分别在CPB前10 min颈内静脉注射盐酸戊乙奎醚0.05 mg/kg或等容量生理盐水.分别于CPB前(T1)、主动脉开放10 min(T2)、停CPB即刻(T3)、术后2 h(T4)、6 h(T5)、18 h(T6)采取中心静脉血,应用ELISA法检测血清肠型脂肪酸结合蛋白(I-FABP)、白细胞介素-6 (IL-6)、白细胞介素-10(IL-10)浓度.结果 与T1时比较,T2～T6时两组I-FABP、IL-6和IL-10浓度均显著升高(P<0.05).T2、T4、T5时P组I-FABP浓度显著低于C组,T4、T5时IL-6浓度亦显著低于C组(P<0.05).结论 盐酸戊乙奎醚0.05 mg/kg可减轻患者肠损伤和炎性因子的释放.     

盐酸戊乙奎醚减少卡前列素氨丁三醇术中不良反应的效果观察

目的 观察盐酸戊乙奎醚对于剖宫产术中卡前列素氨丁三醇引起的不良反应的影响.方法 选择40例存在子宫收缩乏力危险因素的择期剖宫产的产妇,随机均分为盐酸戊乙奎醚组(A组)和生理盐水组(B组).A组术前静脉注射稀释2 ml的盐酸戊乙奎醚0.5 mg;B组术前静脉注射2 ml的生理盐水.监测两组产妇的MAP、HR、SpO2和RR,记录断脐开始至肌注卡前列素氨丁三醇注射液的时间和术中出血量、输液量、尿量,并观察宫体注射卡前列素氨丁三醇注射液后恶心、呕吐、心悸、胸闷憋气和面部潮红等不良反应.结果 B组产妇恶心、胸闷憋气和面部潮红等不良反应的发生率高于A组(P＜0.05).结论 盐酸戊乙奎醚可有效地减少剖宫产术中卡前列素氨丁三醇注射液引起的不良反应.     

The expression of von Willebrand factor, soluble thrombomodulin, and soluble p-selectin during orthotopic liver transplantation

BACKGROUND: We evaluated von Willebrand factor (vWF), soluble thrombomodulin (sTM), and soluble P-selectin (sP-selectin) levels in ischemia/reperfusion injury during orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT). METHODS: The vWF, sTM, and sP-selectin were analyzed in 20 patients who underwent liver transplantation. Blood samples were drawn from the radial artery at serial times during surgery. Plasma levels of sTM and sP-selectin were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The wWF activity was measured using the immuno-turbidimetric method. Plasma aspartate transaminase (AST) and alanine transaminase (ALT) were assayed by routine clinical chemistry testing. RESULTS: Marked elevation levels of plasma AST and ALT were released during the 15 minutes after reperfusion phase, with a peak on the first postoperative day (P < .01). The sTM level remained unchanged from preoperative to anhepatic phase (P > .05). In contrast, a mean 2.5-fold increase of sTM was observed during the 15-minute reperfusion stage compared with the preoperative value (P < .01). The vWF activity only showed significant increase during the 60-minute reperfusion stage compared with the preoperative value (P < .05). No significant increase occurred in sP-seletin levels during the reperfusion phase. Platelet count showed significant decrease during the entire observation period compared with the preoperative value (P < .01). CONCLUSION: The endothelial reperfusion injury after OLT is characterized by increased vWF and sTM but not by sP-selectin in peripheral blood.