七氟醚对肥胖患者行妇科腹腔镜手术苏醒质量的影响

目的探讨七氟醚对肥胖患者行妇科腹腔镜手术苏醒质量的影响。方法选择74例接受妇科腹腔镜手术治疗的肥胖妇科患者(体质量指数均≥28.0)为研究对象,按照随机、自愿原则分为2组,各37例。对照组给予丙泊酚麻醉,观察组患者采用七氟醚麻醉。比较2组患者术后清醒时间、自主呼吸恢复时间、拔管时间和定向力恢复时间等指标。结果观察组患者清醒时间、自主呼吸恢复时间、拔管时间和定向力恢复时间均短于对照组患者,2组比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论七氟醚能改善肥胖患者妇科腹腔镜手术后苏醒质量。     

七氟醚全凭吸人麻醉在日间妇科腹腔镜手术中的应用

目的 观察七氟醚全凭吸入诱导和维持麻醉在日间妇科腹腔镜手术中应用的临床效果.方法 妇科腹腔镜手术患者40例,术前常规禁食禁饮,人手术室后监测ECG、HR、NIBP和SpO2,高流量吸入七氟醚进行麻醉诱导,插入食管引流型喉罩,全程吸人七氟醚维持麻醉,保留患者自主呼吸,必要时手控辅助通气,维持PETCO235～45 mm Hg.缝皮结束时停用吸入麻醉药,患者拔除喉罩通气道后送回麻醉恢复室观察.记录诱导时间、停药至喉罩拔除时间、意识恢复时间(呼之睁眼)和麻醉恢复室停留时间.结果 所有病例麻醉过程平稳,顺利完成手术,围术期均未发生低氧血症、CO2蓄积,血流动力学平稳,手术时间25～40 min.诱导时间为(2.6±0.5)min,停药至喉罩拔除时间为(2.9±1.4)min,意识恢复时间为(4.4±0.9)min,麻醉恢复室停留时间为(21.9±3.8)min.结论 七氟醚全凭吸入麻醉过程平稳,苏醒迅速,可以满足妇科腹腔镜日间手术的麻醉要求.     

七氟醚或丙泊酚维持麻醉对妇科腹腔镜手术患者术后疼痛的影响

目的通过观察不同麻醉维持方式下妇科腹腔镜手术患者术后疼痛的情况,比较七氟醚或丙泊酚维持麻醉对患者术后疼痛的影响。方法选择择期行妇科腹腔镜手术女性患者60例,年龄18~65岁,BMI 18~30 kg/m^2,ASAⅠ或Ⅱ级。采用随机数字表法随机分为七氟醚组(S组)和丙泊酚组(P组),每组30例。两组以相同方案麻醉诱导后,S组吸入1.5%~4%七氟醚维持麻醉,P组靶控输注丙泊酚,血浆靶浓度3~6μg/ml。术中维持BIS 40~60。记录术后30 min、1、3、6、24和48 h时患者活动时VAS评分;记录术前1 d、术后3、24和48 h机械性痛阈值;记录术后24 h PCIA按压次数、芬太尼消耗量;记录追加哌替啶的例数和恶心呕吐、寒颤、瘙痒、躁动等不良反应发生情况。结果与术后30 min比较,术后3、6 h两组活动时VAS评分明显升高(P<0.05),术后48 h明显降低(P<0.05)。术后30 min、1和3 h P组活动时VAS评分明显低于S组(P<0.05)。与术前1 d比较,术后3、24和48 h S组机械性痛阈明显降低(P<0.05),术后3 h P组机械性痛阈明显降低(P<0.05)。术后3 h P组机械性痛阈值明显高于S组(P<0.05)。两组PCIA按压次数、芬太尼消耗量、追加哌替啶情况和不良反应发生情况等差异无统计学意义。结论与七氟醚吸入维持麻醉比较,妇科腹腔镜手术中使用丙泊酚静脉维持麻醉可以提高患者术后的机械性痛阈,减轻患者在术后3 h内的疼痛。     

丙泊酚与七氟醚对妇科腹腔镜患者视神经鞘直径的影响

目的 应用超声测量视神经鞘直径（ONSD）方法评价丙泊酚与七氟醚对妇科腹腔镜患者颅内压的影响。
方法 选择择期行妇科腹腔镜手术患者40例,年龄20～60岁,BMI 18～27 kg/m²,ASAⅠ或Ⅱ级。采用随机数字表法分为丙泊酚组（P组）和七氟醚组（S组）,每组20例。麻醉维持：P组静脉泵注丙泊酚4～12 mg·kg^-1·h^-1,S组吸入1%～2%七氟醚。使用容量控制模式,V_T6～8 ml/kg,FiO₂ 50%,I∶E 1∶2,RR 12～20次/分。记录麻醉诱导后5 min（T₀）、气腹开始后头低脚高位5 min（T₁）、气腹开始后头低脚高位30 min（T₂）、气腹开始后头低脚高位60 min（T₃）时的HR、MAP、气道峰压（Peak）、气道平台压（Plat）、P_ET CO₂ 和ONSD。
结果 与T₀时比较,T₁—T₃时P组MAP明显降低,T₂—T₃时S组MAP明显降低（P＜0.05）,T₁—T₃时两组Peak、Plat明显升高（P＜0.05）,T₁—T₃时两组ONSD明显升高（P＜0.05）。T₁时P组MAP明显低于S组（P＜0.05）。T₃时P组ONSD明显低于S组（P＜0.05）。
结论 在妇科腹腔镜手术中,与单纯使用七氟醚比较,应用丙泊酚维持可一定程度减轻颅内压的升高。     

腹部手术患者吸入七氟醚与异氟醚麻醉恢复的比较

目的比较腹部手术患者吸入七氟醚与异氟醚麻醉恢复的情况。方法全麻下行开腹手术患者40例,随机分为2组（n=20）：七氟醚组（S组）及异氟醚组（Ⅰ组）。麻醉诱导后行气管插管,机械通气。诱导后吸入纯氧,氧流量2 L/min,30min后调整为1 L/min。手术开始前,调整吸入麻醉药的呼气末浓度为1.0 MAC。麻醉维持：吸入七氟醚或异氟醚,间断静脉注射罗库溴铵和芬太尼,维持血压和心率波动幅度不超过基础值30%。缝皮结束时,停止吸入七氟醚或异氟醚,纯氧流量调整为5 L/min。记录睁眼时间（停止吸入麻醉药到睁眼的时间）、拔除气管导管时间（停止吸入麻醉药到拔除气管导管的时间）、Aldrete评分达到9分时间（从停止吸入麻醉药计时）及麻醉后恢复室（PACU）停留时间。记录吸入麻醉药用量。结果与Ⅰ组比较,S组睁眼时间、拔除气管导管时间、Aldrete评分达到9分时间及PACU停留时间缩短（P〈0.05）,吸入麻醉药的总用量和单位时间用量差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论与异氟醚比较,吸入七氟醚患者麻醉恢复较快,且麻醉恢复质量较好。     

七氟醚和异氟醚吸入麻醉对压力反射敏感性比较的观察

临床观察发现七氟醚对病人血液动力学的影响与异氟醚相似 ,但七氟醚麻醉组病人的心率慢于异氟醚麻醉组。我们试验用升高和降低血压来干涉压力感受器 ,比较七氟醚 氧化亚氮和异氟醚 氧化亚氮全麻中手术患者压力感受器的功能 ,推测自主神经在两者心率变化差异中的作用。资料和方法选择 32例全麻手术病人 ,年龄 30～ 46岁 ,体重 45～ 6 7ｋｇ ,ＡＳＡⅠ～Ⅱ级 ,无高血压及其它心血管系统并发症。征得病人同意随机分为七氟醚组 (Ｓ组 16例 )和异氟醚组 (Ⅰ组 16例 )。全麻诱导用芬太尼 0 1ｍｇ、硫喷妥钠 5ｍｇ/ｋｇ、琥珀酰胆碱 1 5ｍｇ/ｋｇ …     

七氟醚和安氟醚麻醉的心肌酶谱变化

有关七氟醚、安氟醚从酶学方面来了解其对心肌抑制程度的影响研究较少。本文研究了吸入七氟醚、安氟醚后患者血清心肌酶(LDH、CK、aHBD、GOT)的变化,现报告如下。资料和方法 26例患者随机分为两组:七氟醚组(A组13例):男9例,女4例,平均年龄49.77岁,胸科手术7例,其它6例。安氟醚组(B组13例):男9例,女4例,平均年龄50.64岁,胸科手术10例,其它3例。术前半小时常规肌注阿托品0.5mg、苯巴比妥钠0.1g,麻醉诱导用安定0.2mg/kg、氟芬合剂、硫喷妥钠6mg/kg和琥珀胆碱1.5rag/kg静注,气管内插管后吸入     

压力和容量通气模式对肥胖患者腹腔镜手术中呼吸功能的影响

目的 观察肥胖患者行妇科腹腔镜手术时,两种不同的机械通气模式对患者血流动力学、呼吸力学、动脉氧合的影响. 方法 选择40例行妇科腹腔镜手术的肥胖患者,按数字表法随机分为压力控制通气组(pressure-controlled ventilation,PCV)和容量控制通气组(volume-controlled yentilation,VCV),每组20例.两组患者均实施全凭静脉麻醉方案,分别采用不同的通气模式,维持呼气末二氧化碳分压(end-tial carbon dioxide partial pressure,PETCO2)在35 mm Hg～45 mm Hg(1 mm Hg=0.133kPa)之间.分别于麻醉前5 min(T0)、气腹开始前5 min(T1)、气腹后30min(T2)、气腹解除后5 min(T3)、拔除气管导管时(T4),采集动脉血行血气分析,监测和计算血流动力学指标、血气分析指标、呼吸力学指标. 结果 ①在T1、T2、T3 PCV组的PaO2、氧合指数(oxygenation index,OI)(分别为460±78、453±83、463±95)均高于VCV组(P<0.05);PCV组的肺泡动脉血氧分压差(A-aDO2)(分别为74±25、80±30、82±26)、呼吸指数(respiratory index,RI)(分别为0.32±0.08、0.33±0.10、0.34±0.13)明显低于VCV组(P<0.05).②与T0比较,两组在T2、T3、T4 PaCO2明显升高、pH值明显下降(P<0.05);与VCV组比较,PCV组在各时点差异无统计学意义.③与VCV组比较,PCV组在T2气道峰压Ppeak(27.8±1.6)较低(P<0.05). 结论 PCV在肥胖患者的妇科腹腔镜手术麻醉中改善通气与血流比例,促进气体交换.     

Increased complication rate in obese patients undergoing laparoscopic adrenalectomy

Objectives:

Laparoscopic adrenalectomy has become the standard of care for resection of adrenal masses, with extremely low morbidity and mortality. This study investigates the difference in outcomes in patients who underwent laparoscopic adrenalectomy, comparing obese with healthy weight patients.

Methods:

A retrospective chart review was performed on patients undergoing laparoscopic adrenalectomy between January 2000 and February 2010. Intraoperative and postoperative complications in the patients were compared. A patient with a body mass index >30kg/m² was considered obese.

Results:

Eighty patients underwent laparoscopic adrenalectomy between January 2000 and February 2010. Forty-nine patients (61%) were considered obese based on the body mass index criteria. Operative time, estimated blood loss, and length of stay did not differ significantly between the 2 cohort groups. There was no 30-day mortality in the population. There were 9 complications in the obese population and no complications in the healthy weight population (P<.011). Four obese patients had intraoperative complications, and 5 obese patients had postoperative morbidity.

Conclusions:

A significant increase occurred in intraoperative and postoperative complications for obese individuals undergoing laparoscopic adrenalectomy compared with healthy weight individuals. However, high body mass index should not preclude elective laparoscopic adrenalectomy.     

快速康复外科对肥胖结直肠癌腹腔镜根治术的近期疗效及应激反应的影响

目的:探讨快速康复外科(FTS)对肥胖结直肠癌患者腹腔镜根治术的近期疗效及应激反应的作用.方法:选择2017年1月-2019年3月在我院行腹腔镜结直肠癌根治术的肥胖患者60例作为研究对象,采用随机数字表法分为观察组和对照组各30例.观察组在FTS理念指导下行腹腔镜根治术,对照组采用传统围手术期处理方式行腹腔镜手术.对比...     

帕瑞昔布钠预防妇科腹腔镜手术患者瑞芬太尼麻醉后痛觉过敏

目的探讨帕瑞昔布钠预防妇科腹腔镜手术患者瑞芬太尼麻醉后痛觉过敏的效应。方法选择ASAⅠ级妇科腹腔镜手术患者60例,随机均分为两组:帕瑞昔布钠组(P组)和对照组(C组)。观察患者术后拔管即刻(T0)、0.5h(T1)、1h(T2)、3h(T3)、6h(T4)、12h(T5)的MAP、HR、SpO2、RR、镇痛评分(VAS)、镇静评分(RSS),并记录患者的满意度、手术时间、手术结束至拔管的时间及术后不良反应。结果与C组比较,T0～T3时P组MAP显著下降、HR显著减慢(P<0.05)。与C组比较,T0～T4时P组VAS评分显著下降(P<0.01),RSS评分显著上升(P<0.01)。P组满意度显著高于C组(P<0.01)。两组手术时间、手术结束至拔管的时间和术后不良反应差异无统计学意义。结论帕瑞昔布钠能有效预防妇科腹腔镜手术患者瑞芬太尼麻醉后痛觉过敏,不增加不良反应。     

The effect of laparoscopic gastric bypass surgery on dyslipidemia in severely obese patients

BACKGROUND: Dyslipidemia is common in the morbidly obese population. Lipid parameters typically improve after bariatric surgery, but the effects have been inconsistent and may depend on the surgical procedure performed. If bariatric surgery consistently improves dyslipidemia, there may be associated cost savings in lipid-modifying medications. METHODS: Patients undergoing laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery (RYGB) for morbid obesity had lipid analyses performed preoperatively and 1 and 2 years postoperatively. The number of lipid-modifying medications taken was documented by an electronic medical record review. RESULTS: A total of 168 patients were enrolled. Of these, 96 patients had preoperative and 1-year postoperative data and 18 had preoperative and 2-year postoperative data. In the 1-year cohort, total cholesterol (TC) decreased by 12.5%, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL) decreased by 19.4%, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL) increased by 23.2%, triglycerides (TG) decreased by 41.2%, and the percentage of dyslipidemic patients decreased from 82.3% to 28.1% (P < .001 for all). In the 2-year cohort, TC decreased by 7.2% (P = .036), LDL decreased by 21.7% (P < .001), HDL increased by 40.3% (P < .001), TG decreased by 27.3% (P = .015), and the percentage of dyslipidemic patients decreased from 94.4% to 27.8% (P < .001). In the 1-year cohort, 26.0% of patients were taking lipid-modifying medications preoperatively, compared with 14.6% postoperatively (P = .049). CONCLUSIONS: Laparoscopic RYGB improved all lipid parameters studied and decreased the percentage of dyslipidemic patients. Furthermore, fewer patients were taking lipid-modifying medications postoperatively, suggesting a substantial medication cost savings over time.     

妇科腹腔镜手术并发症原因及其防治的探讨

目的　探讨腹腔镜手术并发症的原因及其防治措施。　方法　回顾分析从 1995年 1月至 2 0 0 2年 3月因不同原因行腹腔镜手术的 415 0例不同的手术方法并发症。　结果　腹腔镜手术并发症 18例 ,占 0 .43 % (18/4 15 0 )。其中伤口愈合延迟、皮下气肿、出血、脏器损伤分别占腹腔镜手术的 0 .10 % (4 /4 15 0 )、0 .14 % (6/4 15 0 )、0 .0 7% (3 /4 15 0 )、0 .12 % (5 /4 15 0 )。分别占腹腔镜手术并发症的 2 2 .2 % (4 /18)、3 3 .3 % (6/18)、16.7% (3 /18)、2 8.0 % (5 /18)。　结论　视野暴露困难、盆腹腔粘连、盲目钳夹电凝止血、手术操作不熟练、切口清洗消毒不彻底 ,是造成手术并发症的关键     

The effect of laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy with or without hiatal hernia repair on gastroesophageal reflux disease in obese patients

BackgroundObesity is an independent risk factor for gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), which is often associated with the presence of a hiatal hernia (HH). Despite increasing popularity of laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) in bariatric surgery, its effect on GERD is still unclear. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of LSG with or without hiatal hernia repair (HHR) on GERD in obese patients.MethodsSeventy-eight patients with HH underwent LSG with concomitant HHR (LSG+HHR group). Their data were compared with that of 102 patients without HH, who underwent only LSG (LSG-group). All patients underwent a standardized questionnaire, a double-contrast barium swallow, and an upper-gastrointestinal endoscopy before the surgical procedure and at least 6 months later.ResultsAt baseline, the prevalence of GERD symptoms and their frequency-intensity scores did not differ between groups. At follow up, there was a significant decrease in the prevalence of typical GERD symptoms only in the LSG-group (P = .003). LSG+HHR patients showed a significantly higher heartburn frequency-intensity score compared with LSG patients (P = .009).ConclusionThis finding confirms that LSG has a beneficial effect on relieving GERD symptoms, although the underlying mechanisms are still unclear; conversely, the procedure of HHR did not produce any improvement in GERD symptoms.     

雷米芬太尼-七氟醚静吸复合全麻在腹腔镜手术的应用

目的观察雷米芬太尼-七氟醚静吸复合全麻在腹腔镜手术的应用中对血流动力学的影响。方法35例全麻下腹腔镜胆囊或妇产科手术病人,男6例,女29例,ASAⅠ或Ⅱ级,以雷米芬太尼1μg/kg、咪唑安定2～3mg、丙泊酚1～2mg/kg、维库溴铵8mg作麻醉诱导后气管插管;麻醉维持为雷米芬太尼0.2μg·kg-1·min-1、丙泊酚2mg·kg-1·min-1微量输注泵恒速输入,吸入1%～2%七氟醚,间断追加维库溴铵4mg。记录诱导前后血流动力学变化。结果注入雷米芬太尼后BP和HR明显下降,注入丙泊酚后进一步下降,气管插管后明显回升,切皮时较插管后下降。气腹后CO、每搏量(SV)和心脏指数(CI)均明显下降;随后逐步回升,放气后恢复或高于基础水平。结论雷米芬太尼和七氟醚均起效快、作用时间短,无蓄积,适用于腹腔镜下的短小手术。