时间飞越法磁共振血管造影对蛛网膜下腔出血诊断和治疗的临床价值

目的 评估无对比剂3.0T磁共振血管造影术(MRA)对蛛网膜下腔出血患者诊断和治疗的临床价值.方法 对165例蛛网膜下腔出血患者在数字减影血管造影术(DSA)前行三维时间飞越法磁共振血管造影术(3D-TOF-MRA)检查.对每枚动脉瘤,用3D-TOF-MRA决定患者适合的治疗方法,包括经或不经球囊/支架辅助的弹簧圈栓塞治疗、外科夹闭、保守治疗.3D-TOF-MRA术前治疗计划与DSA最终决策的动脉瘤实际治疗方式相比较判定其临床治疗价值.结果 以动脉瘤为基础评估对颅内动脉瘤检测的准确性为96.9％,敏感度为97.6％,特异度为93.1％,阳性预测值(PPV)为98.8％,阴性预测值(NPV)为87.1％.依椐3D-TOF-MRA工作位上动脉瘤的解剖特点可以准确地制定术前治疗计划,其准确性、敏感度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值分别为94.9％、94.0％、100％、100％、74.4％.结论 无对比剂3D-TOF-MRA在检测颅内破裂动脉瘤方面具有较高的诊断准确性,并且可以有效、准确地制定适合的动脉瘤术前治疗计划.     

连续三维时飞法磁共振血管成像对脑动脉的显示能力评价

目的评价连续3D-TOF和高速度编码的三维相位对比法(Venc3D-PC)MRA对脑动脉的显示能力。方法前瞻性选取脑MRI表现正常且连续3D-TOF及高Venc3D-PC磁共振脑动脉成像表现正常者15例,用以评价2种MRA技术显示脑动脉的差异。回顾性选取进行脑动脉MRA及DSA2种检查者43例,以DSA为标准,取其中38侧表现正常者用以评价MRA显示脑动脉的能力。结果3D-TOF与高Venc3D-PC技术显示ACA、MCA或PCA的最大级数均无显著统计学差异,但前者的图像质量优于后者。MRA显示ACA、MCA和PCA的分支级数与DSA均有显著差异性。MRA对ACA和MCA的显示能力均较DSA减少1个级别,对PCA的显示能力差别不大。结论连续3D-TOFMRA对脑动脉的显示能力小于DSA,但已能满足大多数脑血管疾病的临床应用。     

三维DSA在诊断和栓塞治疗脑动脉瘤中的价值

目的　评估脑动脉瘤 (CA)的三维DSA诊断价值及其对栓塞治疗的指导作用。方法2 6例蛛网膜下腔出血 (SAH)的患者先行DSA检查 ,然后应用 3D工作软件进行三维重建处理作出诊断 ,根据后处理图像拟定栓塞治疗方案。结果　三维DSA对CA、多发动脉瘤、微小动脉瘤、子动脉瘤和瘤体穿动脉的检出率略高于DSA检出率 ,但差异无显著意义 (χ2 =3.0 1,P >0 .0 5 )。检出的CA2 0例行栓塞治疗 ,完全栓塞 18例。结论　三维DSA有可能提高自发性SAH的CA检出率 ,清楚显示CA的三维形态和空间关系 ,对指导栓塞治疗有很大帮助     

大脑中动脉狭窄的磁共振血管成像与数字减影血管造影的对照研究

目的 探讨磁共振血管成像(MRA)在大脑中动脉狭窄或闭塞病变中的诊断价值.方法 35例缺血性脑血管病患者先后行MRA及DSA检查,以DSA为金标准,分析MRA对不同程度大脑中动脉狭窄的诊断价值.结果 35例患者70支大脑中动脉中,MRA显示正常血管28支,病变血管42支,病变部位47处,MRA与DSA诊断符合53处,符...     

MRA在诊断颅内动脉瘤中的应用

目的：研究MRA诊断颅内动脉瘤的原理与方法，优势与不足以及临床价值。方法：选择经DSA证实为颅内动脉瘤的息者30例，行三维MRA及MRI检查，全部病例均经手术证实。结果：MRA对颅内动脉瘤的敏感性为90％，结合原始断层图像和MRI，敏感性则高达97％，较准确显示了3mm以上动脉瘤的形态、大小及与载瘤动脉的关系。对于检测血栓性动脉瘤MRA优于DSA影像。结论：MRA是一种无创伤的血管检查技术．可准确显示动脉瘤。对于Willis环区动脉瘤，MRA可取代常规血管造影。     

MRA与DSA在显示外伤性颈内动脉海绵窦瘘瘘口中的价值比较

目的 评价磁共振血管成像(MRA)与数字减影血管造影(DSA)在显示外伤性颈内动脉海绵窦瘘(TCCF)瘘口中的价值.资料与方法 回顾性分析11例TCCF患者的DSA及MRA影像学表现.结果 11例患者中,DSA能明确显示颈内动脉海绵窦瘘(CCF)瘘口者8例(8/11);11例(11/11)患者在MRA及其原始图像上均可直观明确显示瘘口.结论 MRA薄层无间隔扫描的原始图像及可多角度、多方位旋转观察的最大信号强度投影(MIP)图像可明确显示瘘口,优于DSA检查.     

脑血管病变三维PC法MRA与动脉DSA的对照研究

目的 :通过与动脉 DSA结果的对照 ,研究三维 PC法 MRA对于检测各类脑血管病变的可信性。方法 :对临床或 MRI表现疑为或需排除脑血管病变的 5 9例兼作 MRA和 DSA检查 ,评价三维 PC法 MRA检测颅内各种血管病变的灵敏度、特异度、假阳性和假阴性率。结果 :MRA检出大于 5 mm的动脉瘤的灵敏度和特异度均达 10 0 %。但小于 5 mm者难以检出 ,使检出总灵敏度下降为 81.8%。 MRA检出 AVM的灵敏度为 92 .3%、特异度为 10 0 % ,畸形血管团及其主要供血动脉和引流静脉均可被 MRA显示。MRA检出颈内动脉 -海绵窦瘘的灵敏度和特异度均为 10 0 % ,表现十分典型。 MRA检出脑血管主干闭塞的灵敏度为 10 0 % ,特异度为 86 .70 % ,高度狭窄者可能过诊为闭塞。 MRA对于颅内占位病变引起的血管移位能全部显示 ,对于细小的肿瘤血管和肿瘤血供无法显示。结论 :MRA在脑血管病变的诊断上显示出很大的应用价值 ,对动静脉畸形、动静脉瘘、血管闭塞和血管移位的检测已有较高的灵敏度和特异度 ,对于较大动脉瘤的显示较好 ,对于小动脉瘤的检出率仍低 ,MRA对于肿瘤血管的检测基本无效。     

症状性颅、颈部动脉狭窄在3.0T上的MRA与DSA比较研究

目的前瞻性分析3．0T应用SENSE技术的高分辨率对比增强容积扫描MRA（CEMRA）和3DTOFMRA在临床疑有颅、颈部动脉狭窄性病变患者中的应用价值。方法46例临床怀疑颅、颈部动脉狭窄的患者接受头颅MRI平扫、头颅3DTOFMRA和颈部CEMRA检查。动脉狭窄的程度与DSA检查结果进行相关性比较。结果MRA显示各段颅、颈部动脉狭窄的不同程度和DSA检查显著相关（Rs=0．97,P〈0．01）。以DSA结果为金标准,狭窄程度超过50％者MRA诊断灵敏度为100％,特异度为99．4％、准确率为99．4％。结论3．0T的3DTOFMRA和高分辨率CEMRA检查能可靠和有效地评价颅、颈部动脉狭窄性病变,可作为DSA术前必要的检查技术,或可替代传统DSA诊断性检查。     

Willis环的3D MRA、3D FSPGR和DSA对比研究

目的　以DSA结果为标准 ,比较 3DTOF、3DPC、3DFSPGR序列及联合运用时对Willis环各组成血管的显示能力。方法　同时进行增强MRA和全脑DSA检查的病人 5 5例 ,对所得的 3DTOF源图像、3DTOFMIP、3DPCMIP、3DFSPGR图像上显示的Willis环组成血管进行判定和联合分析 ,并与DSA结果比较 ,计算各种MRA图像对Willis环组成血管中ACOA、PCOA、P1、A1显示的敏感性、特异性及阴性、阳性预测值。结果　各种评定方法对A1、P1评定的敏感性在 94.12 %以上 ,特异性和阳性预测值均达 10 0 %。对于ACOA、PCOA ,3DTOF源图像、3DFSPGR图像和联合分析结果的敏感性、特异性、阳性预测值和阴性预测值均近似 ;敏感性及阴性预测值均明显高于 3DTOF和 3DPCMIP ,阳性预测值均低于MIP图像。结论　 3DPCMIP ,3DTOF源图像和 /或 3DFSPGR联合可能不仅提高Willis环显示的特异性 ,还可提高其显示的敏感性。     

颅内动脉瘤 3D DCE-MRA与DSA对照研究

目的 探讨三维动态增强MR血管造影(3D DCE-MRA)在颅内动脉瘤诊断中的价值. 资料与方法 对39例临床拟诊动脉瘤和常规MRA可疑动脉瘤的患者行3D DCE-MRA,随后行DSA,比较两种方法 对颅内动脉瘤的显示情况. 结果 34例动脉瘤患者中共有动脉瘤41个,3D DCE-MRA对动脉瘤诊断的敏感性为95%,特异性为80%,准确性为85%,3D DCE-MRA与DSA比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05). 结论 3D DCE-MRA是一项无创、安全、简便和可靠的诊断颅内动脉瘤的方法,对于颅内较大血管的动脉瘤的显示,可以取代DSA.     

Optimization of the system of medical service of students of Cadet Schools of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation

One of the factors of the successful military career guidance Cadet schools students is preserving and promoting their health. Medical support of children and adolescents aged 10-17 years should include the full range of medical and preventive measures defined for this group. The state of providing outpatient care for pupils at the Cadet School in St. Petersburg was studied. These results show that full medical care in accordance with the standards can be based only on children's health clinics. It is important that the organization of medical support pupils cadet schools should be cooperate with civilian health care.     

带状疱疹83例误诊原因分析

带状疱疹是由水痘—带状疱疾病毒引起的皮肤科常见疾病。其主要的病理损害,一是受累神经的严重炎症性浸润,继而导致受侵犯神经节内神经细胞变性、坏死;二是皮肤的水泡。迅速抑制神经节和相应的感觉神经纤维的充血、水肿和坏死,防止粘连形成,达到迅速镇痛、改善皮损,缩短病程及防止后遗症的发生是治疗的关键。因而,尽早明确诊断,     

Estimation of accumulated dose of radiation by method of ESR-spectrometry of dental enamel of mammals

ESR-spectrometry was used to investigate radiation-induced paramagnetic centers in enamel of mammals: carnivores (polar bear and fox), ungulates (reindeer, European bison, moose), and man. Values at half the microwave power saturation of the radiation signal, P_1/2, evaluated at room temperature, was found to range from 16 to 26 mW for animals and man. A new approach to discrimination of the radiation induced signal from the total ESR spectrum of reindeer enamel is proposed. ‘Dose-response’ dependencies of enamel of different species mammals were measured within the dose range from 0.48 up to 10.08 Gy. Estimations of ‘radiosensitivity’ enamel of carnivores and ungulates showed good agreement with radiosensitivity enamel of man by ESR method.     

Analysis of the results of the international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of Fe

The results of an international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of ⁵⁵Fe organized by the BIPM in 2005 are reported and analysed. This exercise, which follows the procedures of the CIPM mutual recognition arrangement to update older comparisons, is a renewal of the comparison organized by the BIPM that took place in 1978. A EUROMET comparison was organized in 1996 specifically to compare activity measurements of a ⁵⁵Fe solution by means of liquid-scintillation techniques. Results of these three comparisons are presented and discussed in this paper.

The radionuclide solution was provided by the NPL, which also distributed the samples to the participants. The activity of the ampoules was measured by 16 laboratories using 12 methods producing 25 results. Some general considerations on uncertainty assessments pertaining to the different techniques used are drawn. The outcome of four different estimators is compared from which the presence of at least one outlier can be confirmed. Further measurements should be made to try to reduce the discrepancy between the results. To date the outcome of the present comparison does not show an improvement to that of the 1996 comparison.     

Evaluation of the results of various technics of non-surgical therapy of varicocele

A new method of non-surgical treatment of varicocele syndrome is described: it consists in sclerotherapy of spermatic vein by trans-femoral percutaneous catheterization with balloon-catheters. In 8 cases venous thrombosis has been induced by direct electric clotting. The techniques and a 6 months follow-up are discussed. It is pointed out that this procedure should be considered as the method of choice for tubular lesions and sub-fertility prophylaxis in young people and in childhood.     

延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因分析

目的探讨延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因和预防措施.方法回顾性分析总结12例延迟性脾破裂中的诊断和误漏诊的经验与教训.结果本组延迟性脾破裂的误漏诊5例(41.66%).对多发伤与脾破裂并存可能认识不足,外伤史轻微或伤员隐瞒外伤史,缺乏腹痛-缓解-突然再腹痛的典型病史,缺乏“对冲性脾破裂”力学分析和整体化诊断思路等为其误漏诊的主要原因.结论详细的外伤史和全面系统检查,重视腹以外多发伤掩盖腹内脏器伤及延迟性脾破裂可能.确立外伤-腹内脏器伤-脾破裂整体化诊断思路.不间断地辅以B超检查脾形态学变化和腹内有无积液,腹腔穿刺确定有无血腹、X线胸腹部检查观察左侧胸肋角和膈肌运动情况、必要时CT检查以尽早发现脾包膜下血肿,降低延迟性脾破裂误漏诊率.