眼内淋巴瘤患者化学药物治疗后的眼底变化

目的 观察眼内淋巴瘤患者化学药物治疗(简称化疗)后的眼底变化。方法 回顾性分析2015-01至2021-12就诊于解放军总医院第一医学中心眼科的11例(15眼)眼内淋巴瘤患者，其中男7例，女4例，年龄47～67岁，平均55.9岁，观察化疗后眼底变化。结果 11例给予眼部局部化疗或联合全身治疗后眼部淋巴瘤消退效果良好，观察至今(随访截至2022-05)未出现中枢神经系统受累。2年内发生化疗相关性视网膜病变7例(7眼),视神经病变7例(9眼)给予眼部相关对症治疗后，1年内眼底未见进展性变化，病情稳定；3例(6眼)全身其他部位确诊淋巴瘤化疗后，1年内确诊化疗相关性视神经病变及化疗相关视网膜病变，给予眼科对症治疗，观察1年眼底肿瘤未见进展性病变，病情稳定；1例(1眼)全身其他部位确诊淋巴瘤，化疗后1年内单眼视网膜特发性出血，给予眼科对症治疗，观察1年，眼底未见进展性病变。结论 全身淋巴瘤合并眼内淋巴瘤患者无论眼内单纯化疗或者眼内局部化疗联合全身化疗后，容易合并化疗性视神经视网膜病变，给予眼部及全身对症治疗可稳定或减缓病变的发生和进展，减少中枢神经受累。     

对临床Ⅰ—Ⅱ期非何杰金氏淋巴瘤的联合疗法

意大利米兰市肿瘤研究所对179例临床Ⅰ-Ⅱ期的非何杰金氏淋巴瘤进行了前瞻性随机性分组治疗,比较CVP与BACOP两种方案。(CVP:环磷酰胺、长春花硷、强的松。BACOP:博莱霉素,阿霉素、环磷酰胺、长春新硷、强的松)。179例中,适于分析者177例。其中CVP组89例,男:女为47∶42,小于60岁68例,大于等于60岁21例,临床Ⅰ-ⅠE期56例,Ⅱ-Ⅱ_E33例,受累部位小于3处75例,大于3处14例。BACOP组88例、男:女为54∶34,60岁以下72例,大于60岁16例,Ⅰ-Ⅰ_E50例,Ⅱ-Ⅱ_E38例,受累部位小于3处71例,大于3处47     

原发胃弥漫大B细胞淋巴瘤合并急性髓系白血病1例报道及文献复习

目的 报道1例原发胃弥漫大B细胞淋巴瘤合并急性髓系白血病患者,提高对该类疾病诊治及预后的认识.方法 回顾性分析该例患者的诊治经过,并复习相关文献.结果 该患者经胃镜及病理活检确诊为胃弥漫大B细胞淋巴瘤,经骨髓涂片、免疫分型、基因检测等确诊合并急性髓系白血病,给予含利妥昔单抗并兼顾髓系淋系的联合化疗治疗,病情短暂缓解,因感染失去移植机会.之后患者急性白血病复发,且bcr/abl基因阳性,加用伊马替尼等酪氨酸激酶抑制剂治疗,终因衰竭死亡.结论 原发胃弥漫大B细胞淋巴瘤合并急性髓系白血病非常少见,无标准治疗方案,疗效较差,部分患者可因异基因造血干细胞移植受益.     

头颈部肿瘤患者放疗后放射性脑干损伤的临床特征分析

目的探讨头颈部肿瘤患者放疗后出现放射性脑干损伤的临床特征, 分析其预后, 为了解其疾病特点提供临床资料。方法收集中山大学孙逸仙纪念医院2013年8月至2021年9月的放射性脑干损伤13例患者一般资料和放疗相关资料, 回顾性分析其临床特征、影像学特征、治疗以及转归。结果 13例患者中女性4例, 男性9例, 发病年龄29～66(48.15±10.23)岁, 中位放疗剂量以及次数为70 Gy和33次, 从首次放疗到出现脑干病灶的中位潜伏时间为24个月。放射性脑干损伤患者主要临床表现为吞咽困难、饮水呛咳、构音不清以及头晕、行走不稳。MRI影像学特征为T1WI低信号、T2WI高信号, 不规则强化。中位随访时间为45个月, 7例治疗后好转, 6例无效, 其中3例死亡。接受激素治疗者预后与接受贝伐珠单抗治疗者比较差异无统计学意义(P=0.079)。结论放射性脑干损伤患者常表现为后组颅神经损伤及共济失调。病灶高发于脑桥、延髓, 呈T1WI低信号、T2WI高信号, 半数患者接受治疗后病情好转, 激素治疗与贝伐珠单抗治疗对其预后无明显差异。     

自体输血脾切除治疗伴重度自身免疫性溶血性贫血的脾淋巴瘤患者1例

目的探讨伴有重度自身免疫性溶血性贫血和巨脾的脾淋巴瘤患者的治疗方法。方法先给予激素治疗提升血红蛋白,而后在自体输血保障下行脾切除术,术后给予干扰素维持治疗。结果患者溶血症状完全缓解,随访2年疾病无进展。结论脾切除术为伴有血细胞减少和巨脾的脾淋巴瘤患者有效治疗手段,自身免疫性溶血贫血患者在病情缓解时开展自体输血具有安全有效的临床意义。     

肾移植术后巨细胞病毒性肺炎的诊断与治疗

目的 探讨肾移植术后并发巨细胞病毒（CMV）肺炎的诊断与治疗情况。方法 对110例肾移植患者术后并发巨细胞病毒性肺炎患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果110例患者中并发巨细胞病毒性肺炎的有15例（13．6％）,平均发生在术后93．3天,均以发热、咳嗽起病,胸部X线检查均为间质性肺炎改变。15例中CMV-IgM阳性者13例,CMV-DNA阳性9例。病情进展迅速,3例合并急性呼吸窘迫综合征。经更昔洛韦抗病毒治疗后,10例痊愈,5例死亡（其中1例放弃治疗）。结论 肾移植术后并发巨细胞病毒性肺炎病情凶险,应加强CMV监测。联合应用CMVDNA检测有利于早期诊断。早期应用以更昔洛韦抗病毒为主的综合治疗,监测外周血淋巴细胞亚型的变化,调整免疫抑制剂用量可提高治愈率。     

睾丸肿瘤并脑转移的长期生存

作者对1975年～1988年在印地安纳大学放疗科收治的24例非精原细胞睾丸肿瘤(NSGCTS)脑转移患者进行了回顾性分析。24例均接受标准的以顺铂为主的诱导化疗,并分成三组。1组(n=10)为最初出现脑转移而未作全身治疗的患者,这组患者作了全脑放疗(WBRT)及顺铂、长春新硷、博莱霉素(PVB)±阿霉素或博莱霉素、鬼臼乙     

加温、药物和放疗联合应用治疗不能手术的食管癌

作者报告了日本九州医学院外科20年间收治的101例不能切除的食管癌患者对放疗加化疗与放疗加化疗再加热疗两种方法的比较。1983年前用放疗加化疗治疗80人(作为Ⅱ组),1983年后用放疗加热疗加化疗联合治疗21人(作为Ⅰ组)。晚期肿瘤Ⅰ组9人,Ⅱ组50人,临床情况欠佳者Ⅰ组9人,Ⅱ组21人,拒绝手术Ⅰ组3人,Ⅱ组9人。临床分期Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ和Ⅳ期的人数Ⅰ组分别为6、5、7和3。Ⅱ组分别为8、22、39和11。Ⅰ组病人用X线放疗,每天1.5-2Gy,每周5次,热疗温度42-45℃持续30分钟,每周2次,放疗后立即施行。化疗用博莱霉素静脉给5mg/次。一个疗程中数剂量是:热疗6次,照射40Gy,博莱霉素30mg。Ⅱ     

甲型H1N1流感肺炎治疗后转归CT影像表现

目的:观察甲型H1N1流感肺炎治疗前后影像变化,探讨其转归影像表现。方法:回顾性分析25例甲型H1N1流感并发肺炎患者临床及治疗前后影像资料,其中男18例,女7例。结果:轻症12例,病变仅限于1个肺叶内,表现为片状磨玻璃密度影,临床以流感样症状为主,治疗后9例完全吸收,3例基本吸收。重症6例,病变累及单侧2个或双侧2个肺叶的片状阴影,以肺实变为主,临床表现为重症肺炎,治疗后1例炎症基本吸收,2例部分肺叶病变基本吸收,部分肺叶病变吸收后残留间质增生及纤维化,另3例炎症吸收后残留间质增生及纤维化。危重症7例,表现为双肺广泛分布的大片状实变影和/(或)磨玻璃密度影,临床表现为病情危重,治疗过程中3例病情存在反复,无明显吸收;4例治疗后炎症部分吸收并残留间质增生及纤维化。结论:甲型H1N1流感肺炎以磨玻璃密度影及斑片状阴影为主,影像表现多样,治疗后轻症者多完全吸收,重症及危重症者多残留间质增生及纤维化。     

^18F-FDG PET在原发性肾上腺淋巴瘤中的作用

目的探讨^18F—FDGPET（PET／CT）在原发性肾上腺淋巴瘤（PAL）中的作用。方法回顾性分析2005年10月至2009年8月确诊为PAL的3例患者。3例均为老年男性,双侧性NHL,治疗前均行超声、CT及PET（PET／CT）检查,并有组织病理学诊断资料。采用利妥昔单抗（rituximab）与环磷酰胺（cyclophosphamide）、表阿霉素（doxorubicin）、长春新碱（vincristine）、泼尼松（prednisone）组合（R—CHOP）方案化疗。治疗后1例进行了PET／CT的随访复查。^18F—FDGPET显像获得病灶SUVmax及与肝SUVmax的比值。结果3例均为双侧性弥漫大B细胞型PAL,骨髓穿刺阴性,R-CHOP方案化疗后,例1通过4次^18F—FDGPET复查随访、指导治疗,已存活1年7个月;例2伴有肾上腺皮质功能低下,6个月后死亡;例3年龄大（77岁）,病情重,手术部分切除后化疗,12个月后死亡。结论PAL虽然恶性程度极高,但如能早期诊断,并进行^18F—FDGPET疗效监测、修正治疗方案,可延长患者生存期。     

Differential diagnosis of lymphocytic interstitial pneumonia and malignant lymphoma on high-resolution CT.

OBJECTIVE: Lymphoproliferative disorders span a spectrum from inflammatory lesions to malignant neoplasms. The purpose of this study was to compare high-resolution CT findings of lymphocytic interstitial pneumonia with those of malignant lymphoma of the chest. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study included 17 patients with lymphocytic interstitial pneumonia and 44 patients with malignant lymphoma (35 with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and nine with Hodgkin's disease). Without knowledge of the pathologic diagnosis, two chest radiologists evaluated the frequency and distribution of high-resolution CT findings in both groups of patients. RESULTS: Cysts were more common in patients with lymphocytic interstitial pneumonia (14/17, 82%) than in patients with malignant lymphoma (1/44, 2%) (p < .0001). Air-space consolidation was more commonly seen in patients with malignant lymphoma (29/44, 66%) than in patients with lymphocytic interstitial pneumonia (3/17, 18%) (p < .001). Large nodules (11-30 mm in diameter) were more common in patients with malignant lymphoma (41%) than in patients with lymphocytic interstitial pneumonia (6%). Pleural effusions (25%) were seen only in patients with malignant lymphoma. We found no statistically significant difference in the distribution of lung lesions between patients with lymphocytic interstitial pneumonia and patients with malignant lymphoma. CONCLUSION: On high-resolution CT, cysts are characteristic in patients with lymphocytic interstitial pneumonia, whereas consolidation, large nodules, and pleural effusions are characteristic in patients with malignant lymphoma. These findings on high-resolution CT help differentiate lymphocytic interstitial pneumonia from malignant lymphoma.     

影像引导下125I粒子植入治疗肺癌的疗效分析

目的 探讨CT引导下经皮穿刺125I粒子植入治疗晚期肺癌的可行性、疗效及并发症情况。 方法 根据治疗方法的不同,将65例晚期肺癌患者分为2组,单纯植入粒子组37例,行单纯CT引导下125I粒子植入治疗;联合组28例,行125I粒子植入治疗联合泽菲和顺铂化疗,两组患者术后均行剂量学验证,并定期随访复查。 结果 65例患者术后总有效率为80.0%,1年生存率为90.8%,单纯植入粒子组与联合组的有效率分别为67.6%和96.4%,两组之间差异有统计学意义（χ2=8.298,P < 0.01）。所有患者治疗前肿瘤平均直径为5.48 cm,治疗后为3.77 cm,治疗前、后差异有统计学意义（t=7.764,P < 0.01）。65例患者术后36例出现气胸,7例出现血痰,4例出现发热,对症处理后均好转;未出现放射性肺炎等。 结论 125I粒子植入治疗晚期肺癌的近期疗效肯定,无严重并发症。     

超声造影在海岛地区恶性淋巴瘤化疗中的应用

目的探讨恶性淋巴瘤化疗后采用超声造影观察其淋巴结动态灌注的变化。方法10例恶性淋巴瘤患者经不同化疗周期后，对20个（颈部、髂血管旁）病变淋巴结病灶进行超声造影观察，分析其造影增强的图像特点。结果恶性淋巴瘤化疗后造影特点表现为坏死区造影期间不增强，内部无强化。结论可采用超声造影技术对恶性淋巴瘤进行治疗后随访并指导后续治疗。     

The impact of systemic chemotherapy on testicular FDG activity in young men with Hodgkin’s lymphoma

Purpose

Based on prior reports suggesting a positive correlation between fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) uptake on positron emission tomography (PET)/CT and total sperm count and concentration, we sought to identify changes in testicular FDG uptake over the course of chemotherapy in young men with Hodgkin’s lymphoma.

Methods

Fifty-two patients with a mean age of 24.2 years (range 15.5–44.4) at diagnosis monitored with FDG PET/CT to assess treatment response for Hodgkin’s lymphoma were selected for this retrospective analysis under an Institutional Review Board waiver. Of the patients, 26 were treated with a chemotherapy regimen known to cause prolonged and sometimes permanent azoospermia (BEACOPP—bleomycin, etoposide, doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide, vincristine, procarbazine, and prednisolone) and 26 with a regimen known to have a much milder effect on gonadal function (ABVD—doxorubicin, bleomycin, vincristine, and dacarbazine). Each patient underwent one FDG PET/CT before treatment and at least one FDG PET/CT after start of chemotherapy. In all examinations, FDG activity was measured in the testes with different quantification metrics: maximum standardized uptake value (SUV_max), SUV_mean, functional volume (FV) and total testicular glycolysis (TTG), and blood pool activity determined (SUV_mean).

Results

Testicular FDG uptake (SUV_max) was significantly associated with blood pool activity (p?<?0.001). Furthermore, testicular FDG uptake metrics incorporating volume (e.g., FV and TTG) were associated with age. There was no significant change in SUV_max, SUV_mean, FV, and TTG from the PET/CT at baseline to the PET/CTs over the course of chemotherapy either for patients treated with BEACOPP or for patients treated with ABVD.

Conclusion

For patients undergoing chemotherapy for Hodgkin’s lymphoma, there is a significant association between testicular FDG uptake and blood pool activity, but no significant changes in FDG uptake over the course of chemotherapy. Therefore, FDG uptake may not be a feasible surrogate marker for fertility monitoring in patients with Hodgkin’s lymphoma undergoing chemotherapy.     

难治性淋巴瘤的治疗及自体骨髓移植

报告6例难治性淋巴瘤,采用环磷酰胺、全淋巴野照射及自体骨髓移植治疗。全部病例获得完全缓解,治疗期间无出血及感染,血象在1个月内基本恢复正常。我们认为该疗法近期效果满意。观察14个月,6例中有2例复发,其中1例死亡,1例仍在观察和治疗。其余4例已分别缓解12.5个月、11个月、9个月和8个月。如果治疗剂量更大些,长期生存率可能提高。     

霍奇金淋巴瘤的治疗及BV、PD-1及CAR-T等新型方式对霍奇金淋巴瘤治疗的影响

霍奇金淋巴瘤在我国淋巴造血系统恶性肿瘤中相对少见,病理是以数量为1%左右的巨大肿瘤细胞(reed-sternberg, R-S)或结节性淋巴细胞增生为特点,免疫表型为缺乏典型抗原标志的B淋巴细胞。以往的传统治疗方法主要是放疗及以MOPP方案(氮芥、长春新碱、丙卡嗪、泼尼松)和ABVD方案(多柔比星、博来霉素、长春花碱、达卡巴嗪)为代表药物的化疗,复发患者采用加大剂量化疗或自体干细胞移植。随着对疾病发病机制及肿瘤微环境研究的深入,现已经开发出了针对肿瘤细胞的靶向治疗药如布伦妥昔单抗、维多汀（Brentuximab Vidocin,BV）及免疫检查点程序性死亡受体1抑制剂(programmed cell death protein 1, PD-1),还有嵌合抗原受体T细胞（chimeric antigen receptor T-Cell, CAR-T）,这些新选择的出现势必对疾病的转归发展及预后产生深远影响,以往的诊治指南及评估指标可能也需要发生变化,本文将对于几种新的药物在临床使用中的数据及文献研究做一综述。     

Medicinal therapy of malignant lymphomas

Chemotherapy represents the most important therapeutic option in malignant lymphomas. Low to intermediate risk Hodgkin's disease is treated by a combination of chemotherapy and radiation. The new chemotherapy protocol BEACOPP has improved the outcome of advanced stages in comparison with the internationally accepted standard protocol COPP/ABVD. Dependent on the initial staging, cure rates between 50 and 95% can be achieved.Indolent non-Hodgkin's lymphomas usually present in advanced stages of disease. Chemotherapy in these cases has palliative character and aims at improving patients'quality of life and at avoiding complications due to the disease. In aggressive and very aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma chemotherapy is curative and must be initiated immediately irrespective of the staging results. The efficacy of the standard protocol CHOP (cyclophosphamide,doxorubicin, vincristine and prednisone), that was established in the 1970s, has recently been improved by shortening of the therapy interval (CHOP-14 vs.CHOP-21),addition of etoposide (CHOEP) and combination with the monoclonal antibody rituximab (R-CHOP). The value of high dose chemotherapy with stem cell transplantation has been shown unequivocally only for aggressive non-Hodgkin lymphoma and relapsed Hodgkin's disease responsive to chemotherapy.The therapeutic strategy of malignant lymphomas is likely to be improved within the next years due to the introduction of novel cytostatic agents, the broadening application of monoclonal antibodies,upcoming new transplantation procedures and the development of substances with molecular targets.To rapidly increase our current knowledge on the topic it is mandatory to include patients into the large national and international multicenter studies.     

Three cases of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma of the mandible treated with radiotherapy and chemotherapy

CASE REPORT: We report three cases of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma of the mandible and a review of the literature. All 3 of our patients had stage I AE disease and had complete remission for more than 2 years after 42-46 Gy of irradiation to the primary tumor with regional lymph nodes and 3 courses of chemotherapy consisting of cyclophosphamide, adriamycin, vincristine, and predonisolone (CHOP). Literature analysis, although biased toward published data, indicated that the 3-year disease-specific survival rates for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) of the mandible were 90.5% and 47.6% for stages I and II, respectively. The treatment results for NHL of the mandible may be similar to general primary bone NHL and to other extranodal NHL's. CONCLUSION: Radiotherapy alone is not sufficient for tumor control for stage I+II, disease, and combination chemotherapy may be needed.     

Primary lymphoma of the liver: an uncommon disease. Ultrasonic and x-ray computed tomographic aspects. Apropos of a case with review of the literature

Although the very rare primary non-Hodgkin's lymphoma is resectable and responds to chemotherapy it has a very poor prognosis since the outcome was rapidly fatal in 7 of the 11 cases reported in the literature. Particular features in a patient with a primary non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of cirrhotic liver were the association of portal hypertension and portal thrombosis related to tumor invasion. Findings on ultrasound imaging and histologic diagnosis from guided needle puncture biopsy appear to be previously unreported aspects of this affection.     

肺原发性淋巴瘤的多层螺旋CT 诊断

目的：探讨肺原发淋巴瘤的多层螺旋CT特征,提高对本病的认识。方法回顾性分析经病理证实的肺原发淋巴瘤21例多层螺旋CT表现。结果21例患者均为非何杰金淋巴瘤,其中黏膜相关淋巴组织结外边缘区B细胞淋巴瘤16例,高度恶性弥漫性大B细胞非霍奇金淋巴瘤4例,T细胞淋巴瘤1例。结节和肿块型8例,肺炎肺泡型7例,混合型6例。病灶内可见支气管充气征14例,病灶周边可见小叶间隔增厚4例,可见病变跨叶生长2例,合并胸腔积液5例。结论肺原发淋巴瘤多层螺旋CT表现多样,沿肺间质分布的多发肿块或边缘清晰的实变伴支气管壁增厚,病变周边小叶间隔增厚,抗感染治疗无效,可以提示肺淋巴瘤的诊断。