眼眶内木质异物CT和MRI诊断

将１６枚兔眶内木质异物和３例（４枚）患者眶内木质异物的ＣＴ和ＭＲＩ资料进行比较分析，探讨ＣＴ和ＭＲＩ对眶内木质异物的诊断价值。１６枚兔眶内木质异物包括干杨木块５枚、干竹片６枚、青枝柳条５枚，异物大小为１．５ｍｍ×１ｍｍ×１ｍｍ～９ｍｍ×４．２ｍｍ×４．２ｍｍ，埋置异物后２ｈ内完成ＣＴ和ＭＲＩ。３例患者４枚异物中２枚为木块，２枚为竹签，大小为３ｍｍ×２ｍｍ×１ｍｍ～２５ｍｍ×７ｍｍ×７ｍｍ。伤后至ＣＴ、ＭＲＩ检查时间为２０～６０ｄ。结果：１６枚兔眶内异物ＣＴ检出１２枚，ＣＴ值介于－１４５～６３．８Ｈｕ；ＭＲＩＳＥ序列Ｔ１ＷＩ、ＰＤＷＩ和Ｔ２ＷＩ分别检出１１枚、８枚和１６枚，Ｆｌａｓｈ２ｄ序列全部检出；３例患者４枚异物ＣＴ仅检出１枚，ＭＲＩ全部检出。结果提示：ＭＲＩ诊断眶内木质异物优于ＣＴ，ＭＲＩＳＥ序列Ｔ２ＷＩ和Ｆｌａｓｈ２ｄ序列是检出眶内木质异物的优选序列；木质异物在眶内滞留水份进入可致ＣＴ密度和ＭＲＩ信号增高     

面神经鼓室段区域的应用解剖

本文对面神经鼓室段区域的邻近解剖进行观察和测量，结果提示：１５块颞骨标本中有６块见到面神经管裂缺，占４０％。用自制探针，圆规，游标卡尺测量面神经段的解剖，数据如下：膝状神经节－匙突间距２．０ｍｍ－３．３６ｍｍ，题状突－砧骨突间距４．２－７．７ｍｍ，砧骨家－面神经锥曲段间距１．３－２．１６ｍｍ，题状突－镫骨足板中点间距１．２６－２．６２ｍｍ，面神经水平段－镫骨足板中点间距１．４－２．６ｍｍ。明确该解     

放射性核素肾图在糖尿病肾病早期诊断中的临床价值探讨

图的改变对早期发现糖尿病肾病的临床意义。方法静脉注射示踪剂１３１Ｉ—ＯＩＨ，用肾图仪检测５５例糖尿病Ⅱ型患者肾脏中示踪剂吸收的峰时（Ｔｂ），同时检测血尿素氮（ＢＵＮ）、血肌酐（ＣＲ）、尿白蛋白（ＡＬＢ）、尿β２微球蛋白（β２－ＭＧ），并将５５例患者分成３组。第１组为ＢＵＮ、ＣＲ、ＡＬＢ、β２－ＭＧ均正常组；第２组为ＡＬＢ、β２－ＭＧ异常，ＢＵＮ、ＣＲ正常组；第３组为ＢＵＮ、ＣＲ、ＡＬＢ、β２－ＭＧ均异常组。将３组Ｔｂ值进行对比。结果第２组Ｔｂ值左肾为（４．７２±２．５７）ｍｉｎ，右肾为（４．６３±２．０８）ｍｉｎ，第３组Ｔｂ值左肾为（４．５１±３．３５）ｍｉｎ，右肾为（４．８６±３．２７）ｍｉｎ，显著高于第１组的Ｔｂ值：左肾为（２．７３±１．１４）ｍｉｎ，右肾为（２．８３±１．０２）ｍｉｎ（Ｐ＜０．０１），而第２组与第３组Ｔｂ值比较无显著性差异（Ｐ＞０．０５）。结论放射性核素肾图检测可以作为早期诊断糖尿病肾病的指标。     

大鼠外伤性脑干损伤脑干的双重免疫组化及超微病理研究

报告建立大鼠外伤性脑干损伤模型，并以死后脑干伤作对照，用神经微丝（ｎｅｕｒｏｆｉｌａｍｅｎｔ，ＮＦ）及胶质纤维酸性蛋白（ｇｌｉａｌｆｉｂｒｉｌａｒｙａｃｉｄｉｃｐｒｏｔｅｉｎ，ＧＦＡＰ）双重免疫组化染色观察了脑干神经轴索及星形胶质细胞的变化，且对轴索的直径和星形胶质细胞数进行了图像分析及统计处理。用透射电镜观察了延脑网状结构的超微结构变化。结果发现：轴索直径在脑干伤０．５、１ｈ组与死后伤组间无显著性差异，而３ｈ组与死后伤组间差异有显著性。ＧＦＡＰ阳性细胞数在脑干伤０．５ｈ时无明显变化，而伤后１、３ｈ显著性增加。电镜观察到延脑网状结构内的神经髓鞘层面分离，ＮＦ排列紊乱，疏密不一等病变。本研究明确了颅脑损伤早期死亡与脑干损伤的关系，并发现ＮＦ－ＧＦＡＰ双重免疫组化染色可诊断伤后存活１ｈ或更长时间的大鼠外伤性脑干损伤。     

我国实验用豚鼠面神经核的立体定位坐标值

目的：确定我国实验用豚鼠面神经核（ＦＮ）中心的立体定位坐标值．方法：Ｎｉｓｓｌ染色、ＨＲＰ逆行追踪方法及立体定位仪确定ＦＮ立体定位坐标值;利用Ｎｉｓｓｌ染色在连续切片上确定豚鼠面神经核的外径．结果：体重３００ｇ～６５０ｇ豚鼠的ＦＮ中心坐标值为Ｐ：（２．４±０．１）ｍｍ,ＬＬ／ＲＬ：（２．０±０．０７）ｍｍ,Ｈ：（－１．９±０．０８）ｍｍ;ＦＮ的前后径：（１．５±０．０９）ｍｍ,左右径：（１．３±０．０７）ｍｍ,上下径：（１．４±０．０６）ｍｍ结论：确定了我国实验用豚鼠ＦＮ的立体定位坐标值,为面神经的研究提供了便利条件．     

兔眼球壁非磁性异物CT和MRI诊断

将３９枚非磁性异物（金属异物１１枚，非金属异物２８枚，其大小介于１．５ｍｍ×１ｍｍ×０．５ｍｍ～９ｍｍ×４．２ｍｍ×４．２ｍｍ）置入２２只兔眼球壁行ＣＴ和ＭＲＩ检查，评价ＣＴ和ＭＲＩ对眼球壁异物的诊断价值。结果：ＳＥ序列Ｔ１ＷＩ、ＰＤＷＩ、Ｔ２ＷＩ、Ｆｌａｓｈ２ｄ序列和ＣＴ对３９枚眼球壁异物的检出阳性率分别为３９％、７７％、８２％、９７％和８０％。ＣＴ漏检的８枚异物分别是２枚干木块、２枚青枝柳条和４枚塑料，ＭＲＩ则全部显示；Ｆｌａｓｈ２ｄ漏检的１枚铅异物（２ｍｍ×１ｍｍ×１ｍｍ），经ＣＴ确定。结果提示：ＣＴ和ＭＲＩ均能有效地检出眼球壁异物，二者联合应用将提高眼球壁异物的检出率；ＭＲＩＦｌａｓｈ２ｄ序列是检出眼球壁异物的最佳序列     

兔眼内铁磁性异物MRI诊断研究

为探讨眼内铁磁性异物ＭＲＩ时的移动性，对９枚铁屑（０．２ｍｍ×０．２ｍｍ×０．１ｍｍ～４ｍｍ×３ｍｍ×３ｍｍ）进行了体外实验，对１０枚铁屑（０．２ｍｍ×０．１ｍｍ×０．１ｍｍ～３．５ｍｍ×３ｍｍ×３ｍｍ）进行了体内实验。体外实验将铁屑放入盛有兔眼玻璃体的透明玻璃瓶中，体内实验将异物置入５只兔的１０眼玻璃体内。ＭＲＩ使用ＳｉｅｍｅｎｓＩｍｐａｃｔ１．０ＴＭＲ机。体内实验ＭＲＩ前后经检眼镜和ＣＴ观察异物移动情况，并拍摄Ｘ线平片。结果：体外实验发现仅１枚最小铁屑（０．２ｍｍ×０．２ｍｍ×０．１ｍｍ）未见移动，其他８枚均见异物向主磁场方向移动。体内实验３枚小于０．３ｍｍ×０．３ｍｍ×０．２ｍｍ铁屑未见移动，大于０．４ｍｍ×０．３ｍｍ×０．２ｍｍ的７枚铁屑均见移动，但并未导致视网膜损伤。ＭＲＩ均发现铁异物周围有大于异物数十倍的金属伪迹；小于０．４ｍｍ×０．３ｍｍ×０．２ｍｍ的４枚铁屑Ｘ线平片均未显示。结果提示：眼内铁磁性异物移动性与异物大小有关，异物愈大愈易移动；Ｘ线平片不能显示的眼内铁异物在１．０ＴＭＲ机下行ＭＲＩ是安全的     

视神经牵拉伤的实验研究

目的 研究视神经牵拉伤后不同时期神经组织超微结构的变化及相应的电生理表现。方法 豚鼠单眼视神经牵拉延长20%-25%，分期行视觉诱发电位检查及取视神经标本进行透视电镜观察。结果 牵拉伤24h内电生理变化明显，同期出现轴突水肿，线粒体肿胀，髓鞘松散等变化；96h后电生理变化达到高峰；9拉伤24h内电生理变化明显，同期出现轴突水肿，线粒体肿胀，髓鞘松散等变化。96h后电生理变化达到高峰；9d后有缓慢恢复的趋势，同期轴突有萎缩与修复的表现；2个月电生理有轻度恢复，但部分轴突萎缩现象明显，甚至消失，胶原纤维增生明显。结论 视神经牵拉损伤后神经纤维超微结构变化明显，并伴有相应的电生理表现。     

兔眼球后非磁性异物CT和MRI诊断

将３５枚非磁性异物（金属异物８枚，非金属异物２７枚。异物大小为２ｍｍ×１．５ｍｍ×１．５ｍｍ～９ｍｍ×６ｍｍ×１ｍｍ）置入２２只兔眼球后肌锥内行ＣＴ和ＭＲＩ检查，探讨ＣＴ和ＭＲＩ对眼球后异物的诊断价值。结果：ＣＴ、ＭＲＩＴ１ＷＩ、Ｔ２ＷＩ和Ｆｌａｓｈ２ｄ序列眼球后异物检出阳性率分别为８９％（３１／３５）、９７％（３４／３５）、８６％（３０／３５）和１００％；ＣＴ上３枚干木异物密度低于球后脂肪，２８枚呈高密度而被确定，４枚塑料ＣＴ未显示；ＭＲＩＴ１ＷＩ漏检１枚青枝柳条；ＭＲＩ球后异物多呈低信号。结果提示：ＣＴ和ＭＲＩ均为检出眼球后异物的有效检查，ＳＥ序列Ｔ１ＷＩ和Ｆｌａｓｈ２ｄ序列是ＭＲＩ检出眼球后异物的优选序列     

小剂量IL－2促进大鼠脑损伤后记忆功能恢复

目的：为探讨白细胞介素２（ＩＬ－２）对脑损伤后记忆功能恢复的作用机理。方法：采用测方液压大鼠脑损伤模型，观察侧脑室注射（ｉｃｖ）ｒｈＩＬ－２对大鼠记忆功能和组织病理变化的影响。实验选用雄性ＳＤ大鼠，伤后１～３ｄ连续ｉｃｖｒｈＩＬ－２，分３组（３０，６０，３００Ｕ），ＮＳ治疗为对照组。水迷宫试验测定大鼠记忆功能。结果：发现ｒｈＩＬ－２能明显改善大鼠脑损伤后学习记忆功能，尤以６０Ｕ治疗效果最为显著；并且能缩小皮层空洞，６０Ｕ组伤后２周时的空洞面积为０．０７ｍｍ×０．１０ｍｍ，ＮＳ组为０．５１ｍｍ×１．０ｍｍ，相差显著（Ｐ＜０．０１）；ｒｈＩＬ－２治疗组海马ＣＡ２，ＣＡ３区神经元死亡较少。结论：小剂量ＩＬ－２对神经元具有显著保护作用和促进创伤修复作用。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.