超声骨刀在上颌窦侧壁开窗提升种植术中的临床应用

目的：评价超声骨刀在上颌窦侧壁开窗提升牙种植术中应用的临床效果。方法：15例上颌后牙缺失患者,术前CBCT检查牙槽嵴顶距上颌窦底的骨量高度为3．0～6．5 mm,采用超声骨刀行上颌窦侧壁开窗提升术并同期植入19颗种植体,术后即刻CBCT观察上颌窦底黏膜、窦内情况及种植体植入情况,术后3天随访观察有无上颌窦黏膜破裂并发症状。结果：15例中无1例出现上颌窦黏膜破裂,术后CBCT检查所有患者上颌窦窦底黏膜提升成功,无上颌窦底黏膜破损者,无患者出现上颌窦内液体渗出堆积。术后3天内随访,均无鼻腔出现血性分泌物或骨粉等异物排出现象。结论：采用超声骨刀行上颌窦侧壁开窗提升牙种植术,可以大大减少种植手术的时间,降低了手术并发症的风险。     

超声骨刀在上颌窦内提升术中的应用

目的:探讨超声骨刀在上颌窦底内提升种植术中应用的效果和技术特点。方法:30名患者共36颗上颌磨牙缺失,牙槽嵴顶至上颌窦底之间的剩余骨高度2～8 mm,以超声骨刀行上颌窦底内提升术,同期或延期植入种植体。结果:24名患者植骨同时植入28枚种植体。6例因剩余牙槽骨高度少于5 mm先行上颌窦提升植骨术,6个月后延期植入8枚种植体。平均上颌窦底提升高度为426 mm(213～540 mm)。36个上颌窦提升位点,仅1例出现上颌窦黏膜穿孔,以Bio-Gide胶原膜修补。术后随访未发现种植体周围阴影或快速骨吸收。所有病例随访3～17个月,未见种植体脱落或松动现象。结论:超声骨刀上颌窦内提升术简单易学,避免了开窗式上颌窦提升术的术后反应,降低了上颌窦黏膜穿孔的机率,值得在临床上推广应用。     

新型上颌窦提升工具在开窗式上颌窦外提升术中的应用效果

目的 研究新型上颌窦提升工具在开窗式上颌窦提升术中的应用效果。方法 对34例患者共51颗上颌磨牙缺失病例进行开窗式上颌窦提升术,其中22例患者使用新型上颌窦提升工具作为实验组,12例患者使用普通球钻作为对照组,进行上颌窦开窗,黏膜提升至足够高度,填人工骨粉,同期植入种植体,人工生物膜覆盖。比较2组术中上颌窦前壁开窗时间,术中上颌窦黏膜穿孔率,术中患者主观感受及术后3天内患者反应,术后6个月进行上部结构修复时上颌窦及种植体骨结合情况。结果 ①实验组术中上颌窦前壁开窗耗时（7.34±0.72）min小于对照组（17.84±1.29）min,差异有统计学意义。②实验组上颌窦黏膜穿孔率为0,对照组上颌窦黏膜穿孔率为16.7%。③术中主观感受实验组患者较于对照组不适程度更加轻微。实验组术后3天内患者出现疼痛、肿胀程度轻于对照组。④所有病例在术后6个月行修复时均无上颌窦炎症,种植体稳固,骨吸收均小于1 mm。结论 应用新型上颌窦提升工具进行上颌窦外提升术较普通球钻手术时间明显缩短,黏膜穿孔率低,患者术后反应轻,高效安全。     

上颌窦底提升同期种植体植入术79例临床分析

目的    观察采用经牙槽嵴入路提升上颌窦底同期植入种植体的临床效果。方法    对2009—2012年南京军区机关医院数字口腔中心接诊的79例上颌后牙缺失患者,行经牙槽嵴顶入路上颌窦底提升,选择性植入人工骨或富血小板纤维蛋白（PRF）,同时植入种植体。结果    79例患者平均提升上颌窦底高度3.8 mm（2.0～5.7 mm）。3例患者因上颌窦黏膜术中发生穿孔,遂关闭创口,未完成种植体植入。其余76例共植入87颗种植体,长度 10～13 mm。Ⅱ期手术时,3颗种植体松动拔除。义齿修复后追踪12～36个月,2颗种植牙松动拔除,1颗有进行性骨吸收,种植体存留率为93.1%（81/87）。所有病例均无上颌窦并发症。结论    经牙槽嵴顶入路上颌窦底提升术较开窗式上颌窦提升创伤小,操作简单,对窦底有适量剩余骨的上颌窦区种植是可行的;但由于窦底黏膜存在穿孔风险,技术要求较高,而且必须有专用的器械。     

上颌窦提升植骨同期植入种植体的临床效果观察

目的观察上颌窦提升术并同期种植的临床效果。方法对10例患者14侧上颌窦行上颌窦外提升术同期植入种植体,完整剥离窦黏膜12侧,在开窗口覆盖和不盖生物膜各6侧。术后当天,1、3、6、12个月摄X线全景片,观察植骨及种植体周围情况。结果上颌窦窦底骨高度为1～6mm时,植入种植体与骨组织结合良好。开窗口覆盖与不盖生物膜的12侧,种植体均与周围骨组织结合良好。结论上颌窦提升植骨同期植入种植体,上颌窦窦底骨高度对种植成功有影响,未发现开窗口术后盖膜与否对术后种植体成功修复有影响。     

窦底骨高度3-5mm行上颌窦提升术同期植入种植体外科风险的预防对策

目的:分析在上颌萎缩后牙区(窦底骨高度3-5mm)行上颌窦提升术同期植入种植体的外科风险因素及相应的预防对策.方法:选择87例上颌窦窦底牙槽骨高度3-5mm的患者,行上颌窦提升术同期植入223枚种植体和人工植骨材料(天博骨粉),其中Ankylos种植体56枚,ITI种植体126枚,BICON种植体41枚.5-6个月行二期手术,6个月行过渡固定塑料冠修复,过渡修复3-12个月后完成金属烤瓷冠永久修复.为减小外科风险,本研究从以下几点加以考虑.1)为有效减少上颌窦膜穿孔的几率,采用超生骨刀进行开窗,并将上颌窦颊侧开窗的骨岛完全游离取出.2)为增加种植体植入的初始稳定性,通过SUMMER骨凿,采取骨挤压和压实骨粉等临床技巧.3)为预防种植体滑入上颌窦窦腔,本研究选择种植体颈部粗大＼穿龈愈合的ITI种植体;选择具有特殊膜钉(membrane screw)设计的的Ankylos种植体;选择具有特殊设计的上颌窦提升临时基台(sinushealing abutment)的BICON种植体;通过膜钉、上颌窦提升愈合基台、ITI种植体的穿龈、粗大的颈部,从而将种植体有效地固位于牙槽嵴顶.结果:通过以上预防措施,本研究87例中只有2例发生了上颌窦膜穿孔;所有种植体均获得了较好的初始稳定性;未发生种植体滑入上颌窦窦腔的临床并发症.种植修复经12-30个月的临床观察,219枚种植体均获得了良好的骨结合,种植修复取得了较好的临床效果,X光片及牙科CT检查,种植体周围形成的新生骨组织稳定.4枚种植体失败,其中2枚种植体二期手术时,被纤维组织包裹,另2枚种植体修复18个月时,因种植体松动而脱落.种植体成功率98.21%.结论:在上颌萎缩后牙区采取上颌窦外提升同期植入种植体的方法能大大缩短患者的治疗时间,选择合宜的外科操作技巧,就能有效地预防种植体外科并发症的发生,使同期植入的种植体获得满意的种植成功率.     

闭合式上颌窦挤压提升同期人工牙种植修复45例分析

目的：观察使用Summers骨凿或骨挤压器经牙槽嵴顶闭合式抬高上颌窦底、同期植入种植体的临床效果。方法：对41例45侧后牙缺失患者行上颌窦闭合式提升，必要时植自体骨或人工骨，同时植入种植体。结果：45侧上颌窦剩余牙槽骨平均高度为6．8mm(5～9mm)，用骨凿平均提升上颌窦底高度3．5mm(2～6mm)。2侧上颌窦黏膜被钻穿孔，放弃牙种植。其余43侧上颌窦共植入63颗种植体，长度10～15mm。Ⅱ期手术时，5颗种植体松动拔除。追踪12～48个月，修复后1颗种植牙松动拔除，1颗进行性骨吸收，总成功率达88．9％。所有病例均无上颌窦并发症：结论：上颌窦内提升技术较开窗式上颌窦提升创伤小，操作步骤简单，对有适量剩余牙槽骨的上颌窦区种植可以考虑使用；但由于存在窦底黏膜穿孔风险，技术要求高，同时必须有专用的器械，应慎重使用。在严格控制适应证、掌握种植外科技巧的情况下，开展上颌窦内提升技术是可行的，可以取得较高的成功率。     

冲顶式上颌窦提升的临床评价及相关问题探讨

目的:评价经牙槽嵴顶入路行冲顶式上颌窦提升同期植入牙种植体的临床疗效及相关影响因素.方法:25例上颌后牙缺失的患者接受冲顶式上颌窦提升术同期植骨并植入牙种植体,共植入种植体51颗,采用自体骨和人工骨的混合骨粉作为植骨材料,术后随访1-3年.结果:原牙槽嵴高度为4-8.9mm,术后提升上颌窦底高度2～6mm,平均提升高度3.98mm.种植体长度在8-13mm之间,平均11.5mm.有一例术后24 h有轻微鼻腔出血,所有病例均未发生上颌窦穿孔.三颗种植体在二期修复前松动,拔除后有两颗重新植入获得良好的骨整合效果.所有病例均在术后6-18个月行固定义齿修复,在随访期内未发现种植体或上部结构松动.结论:冲顶式上颌窦底提升同期牙种植体植入术较开窗式上颌窦提升创伤小,操作步骤简单,避免了二次手术,节约了患者的时间和费用,可以广泛应用于垂直骨量相对不足的上颌后牙区.     

上颌窦黏膜囊肿鼻内镜下摘除同期窦底提升术初探

目的 评价鼻内镜下上颌窦黏膜囊肿摘除同期窦底提升术的临床效果。方法 2020年9月至2021年9月行上颌窦底提升患者9人，患者同时合并患侧上颌窦囊肿，在鼻内镜下行囊肿摘除术，并同期行窦底提升术，同期或二期植入种植体。结果 所有患者均在鼻内镜下行上颌窦黏膜囊肿摘除术及窦底提升术。2例患者同期植入种植体。术后6个月复查，上颌窦底提升植骨区无感染，同期植入种植体患者骨结合良好。所有患者上颌窦黏膜囊肿未复发，上颌窦黏膜愈合良好，2例手术中上颌窦底黏膜破裂的患者术后表现为上颌窦黏膜局部增厚，没有出现鼻窦炎症状。结论 鼻内镜下行上颌窦黏膜囊肿摘除同期行窦底提升术是安全可靠的。     

上颌窦底提升术的临床研究

目的:研究比较上后牙缺失后牙槽嵴高度不足时根据上颌窦底牙槽嵴骨高度不同,选用不同术式和不同充填材料提升上颌窦底,进行种植修复的治疗效果.方法:89例上后牙缺失的患者,其中68例窦底牙槽嵴骨高6一lOnun者行闭合冲压上颌窦底提升术,其余21例骨高2-5mm者行开窗植骨上颌窦底提升手术,同期完成一期种植手术86例,二期完成种植手术3例.充填材料有自体颗粒骨、人工骨粉或者自体颗粒骨加人工骨粉.结果:所有患者术后未出现上颌窦炎症,21例行开窗植骨上颌窦底提升手术的患者2例术中窦膜穿孔,以可吸收生物膜修补后同期完成种植手术.平均提升窦底高度5.8mm,59颗种植体有1颗松动失败,其余种植体平均负载23个月,种植体稳定,骨结合状况良好.68例行闭合冲压上颌窦底提升术的患者,平均提升窦底高度4.1mm.植入术中有3例发生可察觉窦膜破孔,3例术后2天内鼻腔少量自发性渗血,其余无明显症状.在121颗种植体中,有2颗种植体失败,119颗种植体平均负载15个月,种植体稳定,未见明显骨吸收.结论:临床上上颌窦底骨高度不足的情况应根据上颌窦底骨高度不同,选用开窗植骨或闭合冲压提升上颌窦底,并根据需提升高度不同选用不同的充填材料,大多数可以同期种植.     

Variation in periodontal referral in 2 regions in theUK

This study investigated the periodontal referral patterns of general dental practitioners (GDPs) in Northern Ireland (NI) and North West England (NWE). A questionnaire dealing with periodontal referral was sent to all 520 GDPs registered in NI and to 274 GDPs in NWE. A usable return was made by 355 (68%) in NI and 189 (70%) in NWE. The NI dentists made significantly more periodontal referrals (median 5, range 0-80) in the year preceding the survey than those in NWE (median 2, range 0-50), p<0.001. Distance was the only factor significantly related to the referral rate in both regions with those who practised more than 25 miles from a specialist referring significantly fewer patients in both regions. In NI, there was a trend towards increased periodontal referral by GDPs who had attended more postgraduate courses; however, in NWE, this was not the case. The GDPs in NWE were significantly less likely than those in NI to refer patients with medical conditions. It is concluded that there is considerable variation in periodontal referral both within and between the 2 regions studied. It is further concluded that in many cases, non-disease factors, such as the accessibility of the specialist service, have powerful effects on the decisions made by dentists and patients in these regions (NI and NWE) in relation to periodontal referral. Much of the variance in referral in North West England, as in Northern Ireland, remains unexplained.     

云南省五岁儿童乳牙龋病调查分析

目的：了解云南省５岁儿童乳牙龋齿患病情况。方法：随机抽取云南省三个城市三个农村的２１３２名５岁常住儿童,采用第二次全国口腔健康流行病学调查标准调查龋齿患病情况。结果：云南省５岁儿童乳牙患龋率为７５．７５％,龋均为４．４４,充填率仅为６．５７％,仅占构成比的４．３９％。结论：云南省５岁儿童乳牙龋齿患病率高,充填率低。儿童龋病防治应注重两个方面：１．加强对家长和教师的幼儿口腔卫生保健知识及方法的宣传。     

Changes in cyclooxygenase metabolities in experimental periodontitis in Macaca mulatta

The four principal metabolites of cyclooxygenase (CO) were examined during the progression of experimental periodontitis in the rhesus monkey Macaca mulatta. Thirty-two monkeys were divided in four disease-matched groups. Three groups were treated with flurbiprofen, a potent CO inhibitor, at either 0.027, 0.27 or 7.1 mg/kg/day delivered systemically by a subcutaneously-implanted osmotic mini-pump. We have previously described the findings indicating that flurbiprofen treatment significantly retarded clinical attachment loss (ALOSS), redness and radiographic bone loss (BLOSS). This investigation focuses on the changes in CO metabolites which occur during disease progression of ligature-induced periodontitis and on the dose-response relationship of flurbiprofen, as it relates to disease inhibition and the suppression of ARA metabolites within the crevicular fluid (CF). In untreated animals there was a statistically significant 3-fold increase in CF levels of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and thromboxane B2 (TxB2) at 3 months, as compared to baseline, which positively correlated with increases in redness, bleeding, ALOSS and BLOSS. CF-PGE2 and TxB2 levels reached a 6-fold peak at 6 months and returned to baseline by 12 months. Flurbiprofen (Fb) prevented the 3-month rise in TxB2, but did not affect the increase in PGE2. At 6 months, Fb administration caused a dose-dependent inhibition of both PGE2 and TxB2. Probit analysis of the dose-response data revealed that the concentration of Fb which caused a 50% inhibition of CF-TxB2 level (the IC50 value for TxB2 synthesis) was approximately two logs lower than the IC50 value for PGE2 synthesis, i.e. TxA2-IC50 = 0.013 vs. PGE2-IC50 = 1.35 mg flurbiprofen/kg/d. The slopes of the PGE2 and TxB2 inhibition curves were identical, consistent with a similar mechanism or singular enzyme for the site of action of Fb inhibition of CO activity. However, the kinetics and sensitivity of Fb inhibition were significantly different for the CO activity responsible for TxB2 and PGE2 synthesis, perhaps due to different compartmentalization of CO within different cell types.     

Mast cells in masseter muscle in experimental bruxism in man

Three human subjects performed tooth grinding for 25 min, and after 20 h biopsies of the right and left masseter muscles were examined for their contents of mast cells. In comparison with specimens from a control group of three subjects, there was an increase of degranulating mast cells in muscles that had performed bruxism.     

Experience in using moradol in osteoplastic operations in oral surgery

Osteoplastic operations on the jaws were carried out in 19 patients aged 14-64 under moradol anesthesia. The mean length of the operation was 3 hours. The authors come to a conclusion that moradol in a dose of 0.3 mg/kg b. w. ensures adequate anesthesia, with a high level of analgesia persisting in the immediate postoperative period.