多层螺旋 CT 诊断肝胆管囊腺癌的价值

目的 探讨和分析肝胆管囊腺癌（hepatobiliary cystadenocarcinoma,HBCAC）的CT表现,评价多层螺旋CT（MSCT）对其诊断的价值。方法 回顾性分析18例经手术病理证实的肝胆管囊腺癌的CT资料,其中2例因碘过敏仅做多层螺旋CT平扫,16例做动脉期、门静脉期及延迟期三期增强扫描。结果 14例为单发囊性病灶,4例为多发囊性病灶,其中12例有壁结节,15例肝内胆管扩张,6例病灶中有实质性软组织肿块,CT主要表现为囊性密度病灶,可见囊壁或分隔,乳头状软组织影向囊内突出形成壁结节,增强扫描后壁结节及软组织肿块持续性强化。结论 多层螺旋CT能显示肝胆管囊腺癌的特征性表现,可为诊断肝胆管囊腺癌提供可靠依据。     

多层螺旋CT在多房囊性肾癌诊断中的应用

 目的　探讨多层螺旋CT（MSCT）在多房囊性肾癌（MCRCC）诊断中的应用价值,提高MCRCC的术前诊断正确率。方法　回顾性分析22例经手术病理证实的MCRCC,均行MSCT平扫和双期增强扫描,分析其CT征象。结果　22例病灶均边界清楚,14例囊壁局部增厚,8例囊壁均匀增厚;6例病灶分隔菲薄（≤2 mm）,11例不均匀增厚（2 mm＜厚度≤5 mm）,5例分隔结节;双期增强扫描囊壁及分隔均强化,但囊液、出血及钙化不强化;2例囊壁钙化,3例囊液内钙化。结论　MCRCC的CT表现具有特征性,平扫及双期增强扫描对MCRCC术前诊断有重要价值。     

胰腺实性假乳头状瘤的CT诊断9例分析

[目的] 总结胰腺实性假乳头状瘤的 CT 诊断经验.[方法] 分析9例经病理证实的胰腺实性假乳头状瘤的CT表现及特征.[结果] 肿瘤发生于胰头部 3 例,胰体和/或尾部 6 例,呈圆形、卵圆形、分叶状,边缘清晰,多有完整包膜;内部可见囊性和实性成分,囊实性成分比例相仿者 2 例,囊性成分为主者占 6 例,CT 表现为囊实性成分相间分布或者包膜下可见实性的壁结节或乳头状突起;另外 1 例以实性结构为主,CT 表现为囊性成分散在分布于包膜下.增强扫描囊性部分无强化,实性部分呈不同程度强化,并呈渐进性强化,包膜可见强化.1例见包膜及分隔局限性钙化.[结论] CT表现对胰腺实性假乳头状瘤的诊断有重要价值,需与胰腺囊实性病变进行鉴别.     

胰腺导管内黏蛋白性乳头状瘤CT、MRI诊断及鉴别诊断（附6例报告)

目的:探讨胰腺导管内黏蛋白性乳头状瘤CT、MRI表现特点及诊断价值。方法:6例经手术和病理证实的胰腺导管内黏蛋白性乳头状瘤均行CT平扫及增强检查。4例行MRI检查,其中2例行MRI增强扫描。结合文献,回顾性分析其临床表现及CT、MRI征象表现。结果:本组患者主胰管型5例,混合型1例。CT表现:主要表现为胰腺主胰管或分支胰管不规则扩张,呈分叶状囊性表现,其中4例显示壁结节。增强扫描肿瘤实性部分轻度强化。MRI扫描:胰腺导管不规则扩张,T1WI扩张胰管呈均匀低信号,2例扩张囊壁上见结节样隆起呈等信号。T2WI扩张胰管呈高信号,壁结节显示不清。压脂T1WI扫描肿瘤结节显示清楚。增强扫描肿瘤结节中度强化。结论:CT、MRI对胰腺导管内黏蛋白性乳头状瘤的诊断具有重要价值。     

阑尾黏液性肿瘤临床病理分析

目的:探讨阑尾黏液性肿瘤的临床病理特征.方法:对2例阑尾黏液性肿瘤的临床、病理和免疫学表型进行观察、分析及文献复习.结果:例1为-47岁女性,症状主要为阴道不规则出血四月,病理确诊为阑尾交界性黏液性乳头状囊腺瘤.例2为-66岁女性,症状主要为右下腹痛一天,病理确诊为阑尾高分化黏液性囊腺癌.结论:阑尾黏液性肿瘤是一种少见的疾病,临床及影像学检查容易误诊,确诊依靠病理检查.     

囊性肾细胞癌的CT影像诊断和病理表现

目的：分析囊性肾细胞癌的CT特征及病理表现。方法：回顾分析9例经手术病理证实且临床和影像资料完整的囊性肾细胞癌。结果：9例患者中,女性2例,男性7例,病灶均为单发,多为外生性生长。CT平扫囊性2例,囊实性7例,5例囊内容物内见碎屑或絮状物,2例囊壁见小结节状钙化。增强后囊壁、分隔及附壁结节呈不同程度强化,囊内容物未见明确强化。9例病变大体病理显示肿瘤均有厚薄不等的假纤维包膜围绕,切面见单一或大小不等的囊腔,内含浆液性或血性液体。镜下见囊腔上皮被覆肿瘤细胞。结论：囊性肾细胞癌CT表现为单发,囊壁、分隔及附壁结节呈不同程度强化,具有一定的特征性。     

误诊为妇科肿瘤的阑尾黏液性肿瘤的临床病理特征

目的分析误诊为妇科肿瘤的女性阑尾黏液性肿瘤患者的临床病理特征和预后。方法收集2010—2019年北京妇产医院收治的12例初诊为妇科肿瘤、经手术和病理证实为阑尾黏液性肿瘤患者的临床病理资料, 分析患者的临床病理特征、治疗和随访情况。结果 12例患者的中位年龄为58岁。患者的临床表现不典型, 消化道症状5例, 妇科查体可触及右附件区肿物6例, 合并腹膜假黏液瘤3例。腹水伴血清学肿瘤标志物升高4例。全组患者术前超声均提示右附件区囊性或囊实性肿物。术前行盆腹腔增强CT和(或)增强MRI检查5例, 2例提示阑尾来源可能, 1例提示淋巴管囊性肿瘤。全组患者行腹腔镜或开腹探查术, 术中仅行阑尾切除术7例, 行肿瘤细胞减灭术4例, 1例探查术后于外院行手术治疗。术后病理诊断为低级别阑尾黏液性肿瘤11例, 阑尾黏液性腺癌1例。11例低级别阑尾黏液性肿瘤无复发9例, 失访1例, 死亡1例(死因乳腺癌), 1例阑尾黏液性腺癌患者术后18个月死亡。结论妇科医师应提高对阑尾黏液性肿瘤与妇科肿瘤鉴别诊断的能力, 术前查体结合超声和CT检查, 可以提高术前诊断能力, 争取专科或联合外科治疗, 以期获得最佳治疗。     

胰腺实性假乳头状瘤的影像学诊断与病理对照分析

[目的]分析胰腺实性假乳头状瘤（SPTP）的CT和MRI表现,并与病理结果对照分析。[方法]回顾性分析12例经手术和病理证实的S门P的I临床及CT和MRI表现．分析肿瘤的部位、大小、形态、密度、信号以及强化方式,并将CT与MRI表现与病理对照。[结果]SPTP好发于胰头,影像学表现为境界清楚的圆形或类圆形胰腺肿块,瘤体通常比较大。CT主要表现为囊实性混杂密度影,部分实性结构呈乳头状或壁结节样突起,增强后实性部分呈渐进性强化;MRI表现为肿块在T1WI、T2WI上呈不均匀混杂信号,可识别肿瘤内部的坏死囊变及出血等特异性征象,实性部分增强呈渐进性强化。[结论]胰腺实性假乳头状瘤影像学表现具有一定特征性,对其诊断具有重要指导意义。     

支气管黏液表皮样癌的CT诊断及鉴别

目的 分析支气管黏液表皮样癌的CT表现.方法 回顾性分析5例经病理学确诊的支气管黏液表皮样癌的CT资料.结果 5例均为单发肿瘤,中央型4例,周围型1例.中央型中1例呈支气管腔内型,表现为右主支气管内边界清楚的等密度类圆形结节,相应基底支气管壁稍增厚;其余3例呈支气管腔内-外型,表现为支气管腔内、外生长的等及稍低密度不规则结节或肿块,1例边界较清晰,2例边界不清,2例伴有点状钙化.2例肿瘤远端条片肺不张,内见支气管黏液栓,近侧支气管腔内见黏液围绕肿瘤呈液性新月征.1例周围型呈左肺舌叶边界较清晰的等密度类圆形结节,边缘见浅分叶.CT增强后肿瘤强化均不均匀,4例中央型较明显强化,1例周围型中度强化.4例中央型均继发不同程度的支气管阻塞性改变,2例伴肺门及纵隔淋巴结肿大,1例伴中等量胸腔积液.结论 CT对支气管黏液表皮样癌的诊断具有较大价值.     

甲状腺癌的CT诊断研究

目的评价甲状腺癌的CT诊断价值。方法回顾性分析46例甲状腺癌患者术前CT检查及术后病理检查结果。结果所有病例CT扫描均可见肿块,其边缘均不清楚,呈浸润性生长。36例肿瘤为实性,患侧甲状腺体积增大,失去正常解剖形态,其密度不均匀,均可见不同程度的低密度区,无明确分界;增强扫描肿瘤呈不均匀强化。10例为囊性,伴高密度乳头状结节,囊壁厚薄不均,囊壁及结节有钙化。气管受侵12例,颈鞘血管受侵8例,食管受侵4例。颈部淋巴结转移22例,同侧转移14例,双侧转移9例。结论甲状腺癌的CT表现具有一定特征性,可作为判断甲状腺癌有无侵犯颈鞘血管和气管的依据,为选择临床治疗方法提供参考依据。     

A case of perforated biliary cystadenocarcinoma

Biliary cystadenocarcinoma is a rare malignancy, and only one preoperatively perforated case was recorded among 36 cases documented in the literature. A 48-year-old female was admitted with chief complaints of right epigastralgia and a right upper abdominal mass. CT scan revealed a well-defined low density area with calcification in the right hepatic lobe. On postcontrast CT, the septa and an internal papillary projection were well enhanced. Angiography demonstrated displacement and stretching of the right hepatic artery encircling a hypovascular lesion with some tumor stain and pooling. At laparotomy, a child-head size multilocular cyst was found in the right hepatic lobe; cyst excision was performed. Pathological analysis showed both benign cystadenoma and cystadenocarcinoma, suggesting a transition from the benign to the malignant state. At 17 months after the procedure, the patient is in good condition.     

甲状腺乳头状癌超声表现与颈部淋巴结转移的相关性

目的:探讨甲状腺乳头状瘤超声表现与颈部淋巴结转移两者的相关性。方法:选取2013年3月到2014年3月收治的甲状腺乳头状瘤患者142例共160个结节。根据术后病理结果将入选患者分为颈部淋巴结转移组;没有发生颈部淋巴结转移的患者则为对照组。结果:转移组和对照组超声检查原发灶超声特征对比,转移组的钙化和毛刺对比对照组有统计学差异。患者的颈部淋巴结超声特征,转移组患者的囊变坏死、钙化、淋巴结边界等对比对照组有统计学差异（P<0.05）。采用Logistic回归分析对相关的危险因素进行分析,包括原发灶内钙化、淋巴结边界、淋巴结钙化以及淋巴结囊变坏死等4个方面,囊变坏死和淋巴结钙化与甲状腺乳头癌颈部淋巴结转移呈正相关。结论:甲状腺乳头状瘤超声结果显示有淋巴结囊变坏死以及淋巴结钙化是预测是否出现颈部淋巴转移的关键诊断指标。     

胰腺囊性良恶性病变的CT诊断

目的分析胰腺囊性病变的CT表现, 提高胰腺病变的CT诊断准确率。方法 回顾分析经手术、病理证实的22例胰腺囊性病变的CT表现。螺旋CT机为TOSHIBA Aquilion 16多层螺旋CT机, 采用平扫和双期(动脉期, 门静脉期)增强扫描, 层厚7.0mm, 螺距1.0, 非离子型碘对比剂总量100mL, 注射流率3mL/s, 动脉、门脉期扫描分别为30s和70s。结果 胰腺假性囊肿12例, 平扫为囊状水样密度影, 增强扫描囊壁轻度强化, 内无分隔。胰腺脓肿4例, 平扫为类圆形液性密度, CT值为24Hu左右, 内见小气泡影, 增强扫描囊壁呈环形明显强化。胰腺囊腺瘤4例, 平扫为类圆形的水样或肌肉样密度影, 增强扫描囊壁分隔及壁结节呈不规则强化, 囊壁厚度＜2mm。胰腺囊腺癌2例, 平扫呈囊状水样密度及壁结节, 其内有分隔, 增强扫描囊壁、壁结节及分隔可见不规则明显强化, 囊壁厚度＞2mm, 1例伴有肝内转移及腹膜后淋巴结转移。结论 胰腺囊性病变有各自的CT特征, 但相似之处较多, 结合临床病史、必要时密切随访加以鉴别, 可提高胰腺病变的CT诊断准确率。     

Diagnosis and treatment of intrahepatic biliary cystadenoma: experience with 14 cases in a single center

Intrahepatic biliary cystadenoma (IHBCA) is a rare type of liver tumor. There are no specific diagnostic methods for IHBCA, so its preoperative diagnostic rate is still fairly low. The aims of this study were to evaluate the clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and treatment of IHBCA. We retrospectively analyzed data from 14 patients treated in our hospital from January 2004 to April 2014. Eleven patients (78.6 %) were female, and the average age was 48.0 years (range 16–77 years). The most common clinical symptoms were abdominal discomfort (i.e., abdominal pain), reported in seven cases (50 %), and fullness after eating, reported in two cases (14.3 %). Jaundice was a less common symptom reported in one case (7.1 %). Four patients (28.6 %) were asymptomatic. Enhanced computed tomography (CT) scan showed multilocular or internal septations in 11 cases (78.6 %) and papillary projections or mural nodules on the cyst wall in one case (7.1 %). After injection of a contrast agent, the cyst walls or septations were slightly enhanced in nine cases (64.3 %). All 14 patients underwent surgical resection. Only one case showed recurrence (2 years postoperatively); the remaining 13 patients were recurrence-free. Intrahepatic biliary cystadenoma often occurs in middle-aged women. The main clinical symptoms are abdominal fullness with a sense of pain and jaundice. Enhanced CT is the main preoperative diagnostic method. Radical resection is the best treatment for IHBCA and can effectively prevent recurrence.     

肝胆管囊腺瘤及肝胆管囊腺癌诊疗分析(附10例)

目的:探讨肝胆管囊腺瘤及肝胆管囊腺癌的临床特征、诊断及治疗方法.方法:回顾性分析中国医科大学附属第一医院2009年1月至2016年3月收治的7例肝胆管囊腺瘤及3例肝胆管囊腺癌病例.结果:其中男性3例(肝胆管囊腺瘤2例,肝胆管囊腺癌1例),女性7例(肝胆管囊腺癌2例,肝胆管囊腺瘤5例).肝胆管囊腺瘤患者共7例,其中男性2例,女性5例,平均年龄42.7岁;无明显特异性症状,患者往往于体检中偶然发现,或因瘤体本身较大引发压迫症状、触及腹部包块而入院检查发现病灶.7例患者均行CA19-9检查,3人指标升高,4人在正常范围.AFP未见明显异常.术中所见均为囊性病变,囊内壁多光滑,肿物大小不均,并伴有分隔.肝胆管囊腺癌患者共3例,其中男性1例,女性2例,平均年龄53.7岁;病人多以腹胀为主诉来诊,无其他明显症状;行CA19-9检查均未见异常;AFP未见明显异常.术中所见均为囊性病变,癌肿体积大,囊壁内有多发菜花样赘生物.所有患者均手术切除,其中8例已随访,均无复发及转移.结论:肝胆管囊腺瘤及囊腺癌为肝脏罕见囊性肿瘤,缺乏特异性自觉症状,早期诊断困难,临床误诊率高,增强CT检查有助于明确诊断,最终确诊仍有赖于病理诊断.手术切除可获得较好的治疗效果.     

Intrahepatic mucinous biliary cystadenoma

Mucinous biliary cystadenoma (MBC) is a very rare cystic tumour of the liver usually occurring in middle-aged women. This condition is difficult to diagnose before surgery; differential diagnosis with hydatid disease of the liver has to be done and is difficult to distinguish from mucinous biliary cystadenocarcinoma. We report two diagnosed and treated cases of intrahepatic MBC.     

Ovarian mucinous cystadenocarcinoma with sarcoma-like mural nodules

A rare case of ovarian mucinous cystadenocarcinoma with sarcoma-like mural nodules is reported. Macroscopically, nodular or granular lesions were scattered over the inner surface of a huge, multilocular tumor in the left ovary. The histopathological features were consistent with those of previously documented cases, except significant squamous metaplasia in the present case. The pleomorphic sarcoma-like cells showed a positive reaction for vimentin and α-antichymotrypsin but were negative for carcinoembryonic antigen and common epithelial membrane antigen by immunohistochemistry. Electron microscopically, the tumor cells had neither desmosomes nor secretory granules, but they possessed abundant intermediate filaments. Both immunostaining and ultrastructure suggested that the sarcoma-like nodules were derived from reactive proliferation of fibrohis-tiocytic cells. The fibrohistiocytic reaction seemed to occur in response to hemorrhage, because hemorrhage was reported to be associated with the mural nodules in most of the previous cases as well as ours. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

Sarcomas in ovarian mucinous tumors: a report of two cases.

Two sarcomas that appeared as distinct solitary nodules in the walls of ovarian mucinous cystic tumors are described. One of the tumors was a fibrosarcoma associated with a mucinous cystadenoma; the other was an undifferentiated sarcoma in a mucinous cystadenocarcinoma. Both patients died within 1 1/2 years of their operations with distant metastasis; one of them had had metastatic sarcoma in the para-aortic lymph nodes at the time of exploration. These two cases are the only well-documented examples of this unusual combination of tumor types.     

胰管内黏液乳头状瘤的MSCT和MRCP表现

Objective:To study the multi-slice CT(MSCT) and magnetic resonance cholangio-pancreatography(MRCP) features of intraductal papillary mucinous tumor(IPMT) of the pancreas.Methods:The clinical information,laboratory val-ues,imaging features and pathological findings of 8 cases were reviewed.Results:There were 6 males and 2 females with average 71.3 years old in this series.These lesions involved pancreatic branch ducts or main duct.Among them,2 cases were involved in the pancreatic uncinate process,1 case in the pancreatic head,1 in the pancreatic body,2 in the pancreatic tail and 2 cases involved multiple pancreatic duct.The common complaint was chronic upper abdominal pain.The imaging features included cystic lesion and it's association with the dilated pancreatic main duct,and bulging of the duodenal papilla.Mucin plug,septa or mural nodule were found in these cystic lesions.5 cases were confirmed with endoscopic retrograde cholangio-pancreatography(ERCP).3 cases had undergone surgery.Pathological findings of the 3 cases were adenoma,adenocarcinoma and borderline tumor,respectively.Conclusion:The MSCT and MRCP features of IPMT are somewhat characteristic,and the correct diagnosis can be made with the combination of clinical features.Diameter of branch duct ≥ 3 cm with multiple or large mural nodules,or severe dilated main duct indicates the probability of malignant IPMT.