经肱动脉穿刺老年冠状动脉成形术106例临床观察

目的　探讨经肱动脉穿刺老年冠状动脉成形术的安全性及成功率。方法　老年组 10 6例 ,对照组 172例 ,两组患者均首选经右侧肱动脉穿刺冠状动脉成形术。观察手术成功率、并发症、手术时间、X线照射时间及造影剂用量等。结果　老年组肱动脉穿刺及插管成功率为 93 4% (99/10 6 ) ,冠状动脉成形术成功率为 91 8% (16 8 183) ,并发症发生率为 5 7% (6 /10 6 ) ;对照组肱动脉穿刺及插管成功率为 94 8% (16 3/172 ) ,冠状动脉成形术成功率为 92 6 % (2 6 2 /2 83) ,并发症为 5 8% (10 /172 )。两组间无显著性差异 (P >0 0 5 )。手术时间 (分 )、X线照射时间 (分 )及造影剂用量 (毫升 )分别为 2 9 5±11 6min与 2 8 6± 10 5min、18 8± 5 5min与 18 6± 5 8min、90 6± 2 1 6ml与 90 4± 2 0 8ml,经统计学处理 ,两组之间均无显著差异 (P >0 0 5 )。结论　经肱动脉穿刺老年冠状动脉成形术安全、可行。     

经肱动脉途径介入治疗冠状动脉复杂病变研究

目的探讨经肱动脉途径行冠状动脉腔内成形术治疗复杂冠状动脉病变的可行性。方法将100例患者随机分为经肱动脉途径行经皮冠脉介入治疗（PCI）组（n=50例）和经股动脉途径行PCI组（n=50例）。对比两组手术成功率、手术和曝光时间、平均住院时间、穿刺部位并发症和费用。结果经肱动脉途径和股动脉的手术成功率均为98．00％。两组的透视时间分别为（7．89±3．51）min和（7．88±3．43）min,手术时间分别为（42．9±9．2）min和（42．5±9．1）min,两组比较无统计学差异（P〉0．05）。与经股动脉途径组相比,经肱动脉组的穿刺部位并发症较低（P〈O．05）,平均住院时间较短（P〈O．05）,平均住院费用也较低（P〈O．01）。结论对于不适合经桡动脉途经治疗的复杂冠状动脉病变,可以首选经肱动脉途径PCI治疗。     

经桡动脉穿刺老年冠状动脉成形术76例临床分析

为探讨经桡动脉穿刺老年冠状动脉成形术的安全性及成功率,设老年组(76例)和对照组(154例)进行比较.结果老年组桡动脉穿刺及插管成功率为94.7%,冠脉成形术成功率为93.3%,并发症发生率为5.3%;对照组分别为97.4%、94.1%、5.2%,两组间均无显著性差异(P＞0.05).其手术时间、X线照射时间及造影剂用量分别为30.5±12.5与29.5±11.6min、20.6±5.8与19.3±7.5min、90.8±20.3与89.4±21.9ml,两组之间均无显著差异(P＞0.05).提示对于桡动脉搏动好、Allen试验无缺血、不需要大直径旋磨导管旋磨及定向斑块旋切技术治疗的老年患者,经绕动脉穿刺冠状动脉成形术安全、有效.     

经肱动脉与经股动脉行肾动脉造影术的对比分析

目的 对比两种途径行肾动脉造影术的临床应用价值.方法 选择2005年7月至2008年7月收住院血压控制不良的疑似冠心病患者100例,按不同的途径分为2组:经肱动脉造影组50例,经股动脉造影组50例,均在冠状动脉造影结束即刻同途径行选择性肾动脉造影,对比观察两组在肾动脉造影期间造影所用时间、造影剂用量、手术成功率、卧床时间及手术并发症发生率.结果 两组共检出肾动脉狭窄患者25例,其中6例双侧肾动脉狭窄.两组造影所用时间、造影剂用量差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),手术成功率股动脉组略高,经肱动脉造影组卧床时间、并发症发生率低于经股动脉造影组(P＜0.05).结论 经肱动脉行选择性肾动脉造影具有穿刺部位血管并发症少、止血容易、术后即刻可以活动的特点,可以考虑作为股动脉途径的替代途径加以推广应用.     

经不同途径行经皮冠状动脉介入术的可行性研究

目的比较经桡动脉、肱动脉和股动脉途径行经皮冠状动脉介入术的可行性。方法选择2011年1月—2013年10月我院收治的行经皮冠状动脉介入术患者65例,将其按照穿刺途径分为经桡动脉途径20例(A组)、经肱动脉途径30例(B组)、经股动脉途径15例(C组)。记录患者手术情况,包括:急性心肌梗死行急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术情况、穿刺时间、穿刺成功率、卧床时间及手术时间,并观察患者并发症发生情况。结果 3组患者中均有急性心肌梗死行急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术者,均手术成功。3组穿刺时间、穿刺成功率及手术时间比较,差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。A组卧床时间短于B组和C组(P0.05)。结论 3种途径行冠状动脉介入术均安全有效,急诊行桡动脉途径冠状动脉介入术亦是可行的。     

Allen试验阴性患者经肱动脉和股动脉冠状动脉造影的对比研究

目的探讨经肱动脉和股动脉途径冠脉造影的优缺点。方法选择我院行冠脉造影的患者60例,均为Allen试验阴性患者,随机分为肱动脉组和股动脉组,每组30例,比较两组的穿刺成功率、造影成功率、手术操作时间、曝光时间、术后压迫时间及术后并发症。结果与股动脉组比较,肱动脉组术后平均压迫时间明显减少,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),且患者无需卧床。而两组在穿刺成功率、造影成功率、手术操作时间、曝光时间等方面差异无统计学意义(P均>0.05)。结论对于Allen试验阴性不能经桡动脉穿刺的患者,包括桡动脉痉挛或闭塞的患者,经肱动脉行冠状动脉造影是安全可靠的替代方法,避免了股动脉穿刺后长时间卧床。     

经桡动脉和股动脉途径行冠状动脉介入治疗932例临床对比分析

目的:探讨经桡动脉途径行冠状动脉介入治疗的安全性及可行性。方法:选取行冠状动脉造影和经皮冠状动脉成形术或支架植入术的患者932例,其中494例经桡动脉途径,438例经股动途径,比较两组的穿刺成功率、手术成功率、穿刺部位止血包扎时间、肢体制动时间及并发症。结果:两组手术成功率差异无统计学意义(96.6%︰97.1%);经桡动脉组穿刺成功率略低于经股动脉组(P0.05);经桡动脉组在鞘管置入时间上长于股动脉组,而止血包扎时间和肢体制动时间则明显短于股动脉组(P0.05)。经桡动脉组穿刺部位血肿、假性动脉瘤、血管迷走神经反射、术后尿潴留发生率明显低于股动脉组(P0.05),而动脉痉挛发生率明显高于股动脉组(P0.05)。结论:经桡动脉途径行冠状动脉介入治疗是安全、有效、可行的,值得临床推广应用。     

经肱动脉行经皮冠状动脉介入术的临床研究

目的比较经不同穿刺途径行经皮冠状动脉介入术的优缺点。方法选自本院门诊及住院的接受经皮冠状动脉介入术的冠心病患者48例,肱动脉组、桡动脉组和股动脉组各16例,比较手术时间、平均住院时间、插入冠状动脉成功率、穿刺部位出血及血管损伤发生率、迷走反射发生率等指标。结果肱动脉组和桡动脉组在平均术后住院时间、穿刺部位出血及血管损伤发生率、迷走反射发生率方面较股动脉组明显减少;但插入冠状动脉成功率较股动脉组低,而差异无统计学意义;手术时间肱动脉组和桡动脉组较股动脉组长(P<0．05)。结论经肱动脉、经桡动脉与传统的经股动脉途径一样安全可行,且并发症更低,经济实用,更易为患者所接受。     

经桡动脉冠状动脉腔内成形术治疗急性冠状动脉综合征

目的　评价急性冠状动脉综合征的患者采用经桡动脉冠状动脉腔内成形术的可行性。方法　急性冠状动脉综合征的患者 96例 ,经桡动脉穿刺冠状动脉成形术 (TRCA)组 5 3例 ;经股动脉穿刺冠状动脉成形术 (TFCA)组 4 3例。观察两组手术的成功率、并发症等。结果　两组手术过程中均无死亡和心肌梗死并发症发生。两组插管成功率分别为 96 2 %与 97 7% ,两组冠状动脉成形术成功率分别为 94 3%与 95 4 % ;两组间差异无显著性。但出血并发症TRCA组为 0 ,而TFCA组为 7 2 % ,两组间差异有显著性 (P <0 0 1)。术后持续卧床时间两组分别为 0与 (12 8± 5 6 )h ;住院天数两组分别为 (2 5± 0 4 )d与 (3 8± 0 6 )d ;两组比较差异均有显著性 (P <0 0 1)。结论　经桡动脉冠状动脉成形术治疗急性冠状动脉综合征安全有效 ,出血并发症少 ,住院时间短 ,且不影响术后患者活动。     

经肱动脉入路对冠状动脉复杂病变介入治疗的回顾性研究

目的探究桡动脉穿刺失败后经同侧肱动脉途径介入治疗冠状动脉复杂病变的安全性及可行性。方法回顾我院2014年12月至2017年12月16 153例介入手术中桡动脉穿刺失败后改用经股动脉、肱动脉入路行冠状动脉复杂病变介入治疗患者141例,其中股动脉组83例,肱动脉组58例,比较2组患者介入治疗成功率、并发症发生率、以及患者术后的生活质量、住院时间。采用SPSS 20.0软件进行数据处理。依据数据类型分别采用t检验,Wilcoxon秩和检验和χ~2检验对2组间数据进行比较。结果肱动脉组与股动脉组手术时长与手术成功率差异无统计学意义[(108.35±40.55)vs(104.33±43.57)min, 95.2%(79/83)vs 91.3%(53/58);P0.05]。但肱动脉组术后并发症发生率更低[(5.17%(3/58)vs 10.84%(9/83),P0.05]、生活质量改善[(46.15±15.34)vs(33.00±18.01)分,P0.05]、焦虑程度更低[(51.22±30.11)vs(35.00±27.18)分,P0.05]、平均住院时间明显缩短[(4.74±1.25)vs(2.52±1.09)d,P0.05]。结论桡动脉穿刺失败后,改经肱动脉较股动脉入路更有利于患者术后的生活质量和心理状态的改善,不影响复杂介入手术的成功率。     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.