Incidence and pattern of unintentional injuries and resulting disability among children under 5 years of age: results of the National Health Survey of Pakistan

National estimates of injuries for children under 5 years based on population representative surveys are not readily available globally and have not been reported for developing countries. This study estimated the annual incidence, pattern and distribution of unintentional injuries according to age, gender, socio‐economic status, urban/rural residence and disability caused among children aged under 5 years in Pakistan. The National Health Survey of Pakistan (NHSP 1990–94) is a nationally representative survey of households to assess the health profile of the country. A two‐stage stratified design was used to select 3223 children under 5 years of age for interview and examination. Data were used for boys and girls in urban and rural areas over the preceding year. A community development index was developed to assess the relationship between socio‐economic status and injuries. Weighted estimates were computed adjusting for complex survey design using surveyfreq and surveylogistic option of SAS 9.1 software. Post hoc power calculations were made for each variable keeping the design effect at 3.0. The overall annual incidence of unintentional injuries was 47.8 [95% CI 36.6, 59.0] per 1000 per year; 50.2 [95% CI 37.0, 63.4] and 45.2 [95% CI 29.4, 61.0] per 1000 per year among boys and girls under 5 years of age respectively. An estimated 1.1 million unintentional injuries occur in Pakistan annually among these children. Injury rates increase with age among the under‐5s. Urban and rural injuries were 56.1 [95% CI 33.5, 78.7] and 44.1 [95% CI 31.1, 57.1] per 1000 per year respectively. The children living in least developed communities had almost 3 times higher risks of injuries than most developed communities. The annual incidence of types of injuries were: falls 28.7 [95% CI 19.5, 37.9], cuts/bruises 9.7 [95% CI 5.3, 14.1] and burns 6.6 [95% CI 3.0, 10.2] per 1000 per year. Falls were the most common type of injury (60%) followed by cuts/bruises (21%) and burns (14%). The majority of injuries occur at home (85%), with just 10% due to road traffic. Road traffic injuries and injuries to the female child were more likely to result in disability. There is a high burden of unintentional injuries and disability among children under 5 in Pakistan. These results are useful for planning further research and for prioritising prevention programmes nationally and in other developing countries with similar situation.     

Year-round daylight saving and serious or fatal road traffic injuries in children in the north-east of England

BACKGROUND: It has been suggested that year-round daylight saving would reduce road traffic injuries. METHODS: and results Using 15 years of police data from north-east England, we estimate that 6.9 (95 per cent CI 1.5-12.6) fewer serious or fatal road traffic injuries to child pedestrians would have occurred in this area over this period had year-round daylight saving operated (equivalent to 0.5 per year). CONCLUSION: The results suggest that operating daylight saving year-round would have a small but tangible effect on the number of serious and fatal road traffic injuries in children in this area. Further work is required to assess the community wide impact of year round daylight saving.     

Modeling Frequency of Injuries per Vehicle Crash in Gurage Zone,Southern Ethiopia

BackgroundTraffic accident is the most serious problem in developing countries like Ethiopia, which is among the leading cause of death with the highest increasing rate from year to year in Ethiopia. This research aimed to identify the associated factors on the frequency of injuries per vehicle crash in Gurage zone.MethodsA retrospective study was conducted to identify the contributing factors of a number of injuries per accident. The data were collected from all traffic control and investigation office of 13 Woredas (Districts) for the past five consecutive years from 2013 to 2017. Negative Binomial Regression model was employed to identify the associated factors that affect the number of injuries per accident.ResultsA total of 334 accidents recorded in the last five years from 2013 to 2017 in Gurage zone. Two hundred eight three (84.73%) of the accidents were caused 610 number of injuries. The significantly associated factors of frequency of injuries per road traffic accidents were Drivers'' Age (IR: 0.9813; CI: 0.9664 - 0.9962), Drivers'' Sex: Female (IR : 1.6386; CI : 1.2176 - 2.0596), Drivers'' vehicles ownership: Hired (IR: 1.4216; CI: 1.1697 - 1.6735) and non-drivers'' related variables, like weather condition: Rainy (IR: 1.6041; CI: 1.2552 - 1.9529), road shape: street-square (IR: 1.7421 ; CI: 1.1908 - 2.2934) and vehicle type: Isuzu (load)(IR: 1.6845; CI : 1.2592 - 2.1098) Minibus (IR: 2.7253; CI 2.3129 - 3.1377).ConclusionsThis study found that, Driver''s related factors: Driver''s Age, Sex, Drivers'' vehicle ownership, and non-drivers'' related variables: Weather condition, Road shape, and Vehicle type were identified as significantly associated factors on the frequency of injuries per vehicle crash in Gurage Zone.     

Estimating the burden of road traffic injuries among children and adolescents in urban South Asia

Over a million people died from road traffic injuries (RTI) globally in the year 2000 and as many as 50 million were injured. Yet there has been little work focused on the South Asia region, let alone the vulnerable segments of population such as children and adolescents. This study aims at measuring the burden of disease caused by urban road traffic injuries among children and adolescents in South Asia. This study selected 26 studies for review and data extraction out of 1505 published articles. Data from the studies were pooled to calculate the proportion and characteristics of child and adolescent RTI, regional RTI incidence and mortality rates, and an estimate of the burden of disease caused by these injuries through the use of the healthy life years lost (HeaLY) composite measure. Our findings showed that the majority of injuries occurred in males (67-80%) and the most frequent age group injured was between ages 0 and 9 representing 40% of cases. Children and adolescents represent an average of 22% of all those with RTI whom seek care. Children and adolescents represented an average of 13% of all RTI deaths. Regional RTI incidence rate was calculated at 880 per 100,000 urban persons aged 0-19. Mortality due to RTI was at 17 deaths per 100,000 urban persons aged 0-19 in South Asia. Burden of disease was calculated 16 HeaLYs per 1000 general population from road traffic mortality alone. With disability data added, then 27.7 HeaLYs per 1000 general population are lost from road traffic injuries in South Asia. The increasing burden of RTI in young persons in South Asia is a call for considering appropriate research and effective interventions. This relatively high loss of healthy life from RTI needs to be addressed by public health systems in South Asia.     

Community-based injury prevention: effects on health care utilization.

BACKGROUND: Worldwide, an estimated 78 million people are disabled each year because of unintentional injuries and about 3 million die. The WHO Safe Community model is a framework for community-based injury prevention programmes. The aim of this study is to evaluate the outcome on health care utilization of a Safe Community programme. METHODS: The incidence of injuries treated at health care facilities in an intervention municipality (pop. 41,000) was compared to the injury incidence in a control municipality (pop. 26,000). The incidence was recorded immediately before and one year after programme implementation from registrations made during all first-contact health care visits and from examination of hospital discharge registers. RESULTS: The incidence of health care treated injuries in the intervention area had decreased by 13% (95% CI: 9-16%) from 119 (95% CI: 115-122) per 1000 population-years to 104 (95% CI: 101-107). In the control area, the corresponding injury incidences were 104 (95% CI: 100-108) and 106 (95% CI: 102-109). The hospital-treated injuries in the intervention area decreased by 15% (95% CI: 7-24%) from 19 (95% CI: 17-20) per 1000 population-years to 16 (95% CI: 15-17), while in the control area, the incidences remained at 13 (95% CI: 11-14) per 1000 population-years. Utilization of acute care in the intervention area for reasons other than injuries increased by 8% (95% CI: 6-10%), while in the control area, the number of visits did not show significant change. CONCLUSION: This first controlled evaluation showed that an injury prevention programme based on local action groups can significantly reduce injuries requiring health care in a community. Local prevention can provide a complement to national level campaigns.     

江西省儿童道路交通伤流行病学分析

目的掌握江西省儿童道路交通伤流行病学特征。方法采用多阶段整群随机抽样方法。结果道路交通伤发生率在儿童各类伤害中排第三位。0～17岁儿童道路交通伤发生率为750.5/10万,各年龄组以10～14岁组发生率最高,男童发生率高于女童;上学放学时间是5～17岁儿童道路交通伤发生的高危时间段;城市儿童道路交通伤发生率高于农村儿童,不同的交通模式具有不同水平的危险性,骑自行车的危险水平最高,其次为徒步、摩托车。结论道路交通伤是引起儿童伤害的主要原因,建议针对儿童的年龄特征、城乡居住环境和不同交通模式等特点开展交通安全教育和干预措施。     

Assessing the burden of injury in six European countries

OBJECTIVE: To assess injury-related mortality, disability and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) in six European countries. METHODS: Epidemiological data (hospital discharge registers, emergency department registers, mortality databases) were obtained for Austria, Denmark, Ireland, Netherlands, Norway, and the United Kingdom (England and Wales). For each country, the burden of injury was estimated in years lost due to premature mortality (YLL), years lived with disability (YLD), and DALYs (per 1000 persons). FINDINGS: We observed marked differences in the burden of injury between countries. Austria lost the largest number of DALYs (25 per 1000 persons), followed by Denmark, Norway and Ireland (17-20 per 1000 persons). In the Netherlands and United Kingdom, the total burden due to injuries was relatively low (12 per 1000 persons). The variation between countries was attributable to a high variation in premature mortality (YLL varied from 9-17 per 1000 persons) and disability (YLD varied from 2-8 per 1000 persons). In all countries, males aged 25-44 years represented one third of the total injury burden, mainly due to traffic and intentional injuries. Spinal cord injury and skull-brain injury resulted in the highest burden due to permanent disability. CONCLUSION: The burden of injury varies considerably among the six participating European countries, but males aged 15-24 years are responsible for a disproportionate share of the assessed burden of injury in all countries. Consistent injury control policy is supported by high-quality summary measures of population health. There is an urgent need for standardized data on the incidence and functional consequences of injury.     

中国道路交通伤害长期趋势及其影响因素分析

目的总结与分析中国道路交通伤害的长期趋势及其影响因素,为道路交通安全管理提供决策依据。方法以万车死亡率、10万人口死亡率、里程死亡率、机动化程度和死亡系数等指标综合评价,采用聚类分析、等级相关方法分析道路交通伤害的影响因素。结果2000年以前道路交通伤害的伤亡人数以每10年翻一番的速度上升,2000年以来每年车祸死亡人数在10万上下。万车死亡率从1970年代中期开始下降,10万人口死亡率、里程死亡率和死亡系数等道路交通伤害指标从2002年以后开始出现下降迹象。中国道路交通伤害比较严重的地区为西藏、宁夏、新疆、青海等西部地区和浙江、广东沿海地区。道路交通伤害死亡人员中男性多于女性,男女性别比为3:1。死者主要分布在21-50岁年龄组;65岁以上的死亡人数呈逐年上升趋势。行人、乘客、骑自行车者和摩托车驾驶者是道路使用者中的弱势人群。机动车驾驶者是道路交通伤害的主要肇事者,其中半数以上为职业驾驶员,驾驶员超速行驶是发生道路交通伤害的最主要原因。等级相关分析显示,10万人口死亡率与机动车辆数(X1)、公路货运量(X2)、公路客运量(X3)、等级公路(X4)呈正相关关系(相关系数: r1=0.986、r2=0 986、r3=0.987、r4=0.985,P=0.001)。结论中国道路交通伤害10万人口死亡率经过半个世纪的持续上升,在2003年开始出现下降的趋势。     

中国道路交通伤害的模式

目的 探讨中国道路交通伤害的模式。方法 分析中国1951～2001年的道路交通伤害资料,讨论道路交通伤害的时间趋势、发生特征和影响因素,并对中国31个省、市、自治区的道路交通伤害进行综合评价。结果 中国在1951～2001年的51年中道路交通伤害一直呈上升趋势,20世纪80年代以后这个趋势尤为明显。2001年道路交通伤害的发生数、受伤人数和死亡人数均比1951年增加了100倍以上;死亡率攀升至8.51/10万人口,比1990年翻了一番。在过去的10年中,广东、山东、浙江等省的道路交通伤害死亡人数始终占据前五位,2001年道路交通伤害的综合事故率显示,西藏、新疆、青海、宁夏和甘肃等西部诸省区是道路交通碰撞最严重的地区。道路交通伤害造成的死伤以男性青壮年为最多,65岁以上的伤亡者有逐年上升趋势。道路质量、机动化程度、交通运输量等交通环境,以及驾驶员或路人的过失等人为因素是道路交通伤害的影响因素。结论 改善道路交通条件,交通立法与执法,提高城乡居民的交通安全意识等,是预防和控制道路交通伤害的主要措施。     

Road traffic injuries in urban Africa and Asia: a policy gap in child and adolescent health

OBJECTIVE: This study highlights the burden of urban road traffic injuries (RTIs) in children and young adults in South Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa to heighten awareness of current limitations in child health policies, and to direct future research and intervention development. METHODS: Comparative analysis of recent Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia reviews of RTIs, World Health Organization (WHO) Global Burden of Disease statistics, and the Bangladesh Health and Injury Survey. PARTICIPANTS: Children aged 0-18 years in South Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa reviews, aged 0-14 years in the WHO data, and aged 1-17 years in the Bangladeshi data. RESULTS: Child pedestrians comprise the largest proportion of urban RTI victims. More healthy life years were lost per 1000 children aged 0-18 years in South Asia than Sub-Saharan Africa. Disability-adjusted life years lost per 1000 children aged 0-14 years was greater in Africa than South-east Asia. South-east Asia has the greatest overall incidence of RTIs; however, Africa has poorer reported outcomes for children aged 0-14 years. CONCLUSION: These data sources point to the salience of intervening in RTIs in children to prevent a predicted boom in the RTI burden in children, particularly in the poorest regions of the world. However, child health policies in these regions have not yet embraced RTI, either in research or programmes.     

Changing pattern of premature mortality burden over 6 years of rapid growth of the economy in suburban south-west China: 1998-2003

BACKGROUND: This study was conducted in Kunming, the capital of Yunnan, a poor province in south-west China experiencing rapid economic growth. The study examined the short-term trend in premature mortality burden from common causes of death in a suburban region between 1998 and 2003. METHODS: Years of life lost (YLL) per 1000 population and mortality rate per 100,000 population were calculated from medical death certificates, and broken down by cause of death, sex and year without age weighting but with a discounting rate of 3%. RESULTS: Non-communicable diseases contributed over 80% of all causes of YLL, with a slightly increasing trend. The combined rate for communicable, maternal, prenatal and nutritional deficiencies declined from 4.7 to 2.4 per 1000 population. Remarkably, declining trends in YLL were also seen for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, drug use and road traffic accidents, whereas increasing trends were seen for ischaemic heart disease (IHD) and liver cancer (males). The YLL rate for stroke, self-inflicted injuries, lung cancer and stomach cancer fluctuated over time. CONCLUSIONS: The region should focus on further control of IHD and liver cancer.     

Validity of a Surveillance System for Childhood Injuries in a Rural Block of Tamilnadu

Background:

Childhood injuries are increasingly getting the attention of public health experts following WHO''s report on global burden of diseases. Surveillance is an important component of control of any disease and effectiveness of the surveillance system depends upon completeness of the information about occurrence of the health related events to the public health authorities.

Aims:

This study aimed to set up a surveillance system for childhood injuries and validate it by a survey and thereafter estimate the incidence of childhood injuries using capture recapture method.

Settings and Design:

Observational study design.

Materials and Methods:

Passive surveillance system for childhood injuries was created for 26,811 children of less than fourteen years of Kaniyambadi block and it was validated by cross sectional study at the end of surveillance period. Using these two independent information systems, capture recapture method was applied to find out the possible incidence of injuries in the given population at a given period of time.

Statistics:

Chi square, Lincoln Peterson formula for capture re-capture method.

Results:

Surveillance and survey for childhood injuries identified 13.59/1000 child-years (CI: 11.86 - 15.32) and 341.89/1000 child-years (CI: 254.46-429.33) of injury rates, respectively.

Conclusion:

Passive surveillance system underreports childhood injuries markedly but it does identify childhood injuries of serious nature.     

Incidence of Physical Injuries in a Rural Community in Sri Lanka: Results of the First Community Survey in Sri Lanka

Background:

Injuries account for approximately 11% of all hospital admissions in Sri Lanka. However, no published data are available with regard to the community incidence of injuries in Sri Lanka.

Objectives:

To determine the community incidence of major intentional and unintentional physical injuries in a rural community in Sri Lanka.

Materials and Methods:

A rural community consisting of 225 families with 1029 inhabitants was studied. Data on major injuries for a period of one year were collected retrospectively.

Results:

There were 85 major injuries in the community during the year of study. This gives a major injury incidence of 82.6 per 1000 person years. This is three times the incidence based on hospital-derived data. Animal bites being the most common cause of injury was noted in 2.3% of the population followed by falls in 1.6%, contact with objects in 1.5%, cut injuries in 1% and road trauma in 1%.

Conclusions:

This study shows a higher incidence of major physical injuries (both intentional and unintentional) in the community than figures derived from hospital data. The prevention of injuries in a community such as the one studied here should be aimed at animal bites, falls, contacts with objects, cut injuries and road trauma.     

2008—2011年中国特大道路交通伤害的流行病学分析

目的分析2008—2011年中国特大道路交通伤害的流行特征,为制定预防和控制特大道路交通伤害提供科学依据。方法过录2008—2011年公安部交通管理局的交通事故资料中有关全国一次死亡10人（含10人）以上的特大道路交通伤害事故的资料和通过GooSe搜索引擎搜索的补充新闻资料为依据,经Excel2003软件进行数据编码录入,用SPSS21．0软件进行统计分析。结果2008—2011年全国共发生特大道路交通事故114起,1721人死亡,1883人受伤,发生地区集中在中西部,云南、贵州和西藏3省占全国发生起数的1／5;发生时间多在2～3月和10—11月,时点为下午2点和3点;事故发生的道路依次为国道（41．23％）、省道（25．44％）和县道（11．40％）;事故原因主要为碰撞（45．61％）和坠车（38．60％）;70．18％的肇事车型为客车,以大型客车为主（53．51％）;71．88％肇事车处于制动不良或制动失效等非正常状态,87．72％的事故由超速行驶（44．74％）或超载（15．79％）等违法过错所引发。结论遏制特大道路交通伤害的措施在于提高公众和机动车驾驶员的交通安全意识,从源头上完善路网安全建设和相关配套设施特,加大对公路客运公司的监管力度。     

Differences in injury rates in child motor vehicle passengers in rural and urban areas in New South Wales, July 2000 to June 2004

OBJECTIVES: To investigate whether the pattern of hospitalised injuries in injured child motor vehicle passengers involved in traffic crashes differs in rural and urban residents of New South Wales (NSW). METHODS: This study compared injuries of hospitalised child motor vehicle passengers resident in rural areas with those from urban areas. The NSW Inpatient Statistics Collection (ISC), a population-based dataset, was used to select cases for the period of July 2000 to June 2004. The hospitalised injury rate was calculated according to urban/rural status using Poisson regression. Injury rate ratios (IRR) comparing rural and urban children were computed overall and for specific injury types. RESULTS: Overall, 1,286 children (aged 0-15 years) residing in NSW were identified from the NSW ISC internally linked datasets as being separated from hospital for injuries resulting from a motor vehicle crash. The overall hospitalised injury incidence rates for child motor vehicle passengers resident in rural and urban NSW areas were 46.75 (95% CI 36.63-59.66) and 20.13 (95% CI 17.94-22.58) per 100,000 children respectively. The rural/urban IRR for comparing the incidence of hospitalisation was significantly elevated (IRR=2.10, 95% CI 1.78-2.48). The IRR was also significantly elevated across most injury types. The largest risk disparity between rural and urban children was in 9-12 year-olds (IRR=2.33, 95% CI 1.73-3.13). CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS: There is an elevated injury incidence rate in rural resident children, compared with their urban counterparts. This differential should be addressed in future road safety initiatives.     

Years of life lost due to premature death in Serbia (excluding Kosovo and Metohia)

OBJECTIVE: To provide an assessment of the mortality burden in Serbia (excluding Kosovo and Metohia). METHODS: The study was undertaken using data for Serbia, excluding Kosovo and Metohia, for the year 2000. Years of life lost (YLL), the mortality component of disability-adjusted life years, was determined from the average life expectancy at each age of death while discounting future years by 3% per annum. YLL was calculated using life expectancy at that age based on standard life tables, with life expectancy at birth fixed at 82.5 years for females and 80.0 years for males. RESULTS: Premature mortality was responsible for 814,022 YLL, after discounting future years at 3% per annum and weighting for age. Males lost 462,050 years and females lost 351,972 years. Cardiovascular diseases and cancers dominated the burden of premature mortality. Ischaemic heart disease was the leading single cause of YLL for males, followed by stroke, lung cancer, inflammatory heart disease, self-inflicted injuries, road traffic accidents, colorectal and stomach cancers, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Each contributed over 10,000 YLL. For females, cerebrovascular disease was the leading cause of YLL, followed by ischaemic heart disease, breast and lung cancer, and diabetes mellitus. YLL due to premature death gives greater weight to those conditions that affect younger people. Consequently, a ranking of diseases by YLL differs from a ranking based on unadjusted numbers of deaths. In comparison with data from the Global Burden of Disease study (2000) for the world population and the EURO-A region, the mortality burden in Serbia is closer to that in developed than developing countries. Standardization was performed using the direct method, with the world population used as the standard. CONCLUSIONS: The national health priority areas, relevant to the mortality burden, should include cardiovascular diseases, cancers, diabetes mellitus, self-inflicted injuries and road traffic accidents.     

凤冈县农村学龄儿童运动伤害现况及危险因素分析

目的 了解遵义市凤冈县农村学龄儿童运动伤害现状及危险因素,为制定相关预防措施提供科学依据。方法 采用多阶段整群随机抽样抽取遵义市凤冈县三所中小学四至七年级学生共465名,用自制问卷调查近一年运动伤害发生情况。结果 凤冈县农村儿童运动伤害年发生率为18.71%,男童高于女童（22.63% vs 14.41%）;七年级儿童运动伤害发生率最高为29.28%,五年级最低为7.76%;留守儿童高于非留守儿童（22.26% vs 12.20%）;住校儿童高于走读儿童（24.53% vs 13.83%）;伤害时的主要活动是奔跑（33.33%）;损伤类型主要是擦伤（40.23%）。多因素Logistic回归分析显示:运动前未热身（OR=3.834,95% CI:1.362～10.792）,无人陪护（OR=2.403,95% CI:3.742～30.616）,在水泥地板上运动（OR=4.175,95% CI:1.457～11.964）,穿皮鞋（OR=7.301,95% CI:1.736～30.705）或者凉鞋（OR=4.316,95% CI:1.245～14.966）是伤害发生的危险因素。关于“扭伤后冷敷”,未发生伤害儿童的知晓率高于发生伤害儿童（χ2=5.36,P=0.021）,其它问题的知晓率差异无统计学意义（均有P>0.05）。结论 凤冈县农村儿童运动伤发生的危险因素较为明确,应给予针对性的干预措施,从而降低伤害发生率。     

Childhood injuries: a population-based study of emergency room visits in Jerusalem

A study of childhood injuries of 0-17-year-old Jewish children based on emergency room records of the four major hospitals and the first aid stations was conducted in Jerusalem during 1986. The incidence of visits was 99.7/1000 child-years with 95% confidence intervals (CI) = 98.0-101.5. The rate was 97.2/1000 child-years (CI = 94.4-100.0) among the 0-5-year-old, 114.6/1000 child-years (CI = 111.3-118.0) in the 6-12 age group, and was 93.6/1000 child-years (CI = 90.1-97.1) among 13-17-year-old. The male to female rate ratio was 1.7 for the 0-5-year-olds, 2.1 for the 6-12-year-olds and 2.3 for the 13-17-year-olds. The most frequent causes of injuries were falls, 38.5/1000 child-years (CI = 37.4-39.6), being struck or caught, 21.1/1000 child-years (CI = 20.3-21.9), and road accidents, 5.4/1000 child-years (CI = 5.0-5.8). Only burns among children aged 6 years and over and poisoning among 13-17-year-olds showed a higher incidence among females than among males. The head was the most frequently injured part of the body (45.2/1000 child-years, CI = 44.0-46.4). Head injuries decreased as age increased, while injuries to the extremities and trunk increased with increasing age. Two per cent of the injured children were admitted to hospital.     

山东省蓬莱市2006-2007年道路交通伤害疾病负担分析

目的 综合评价蓬莱市道路交通伤害的健康和社会经济负担.方法 以蓬莱市2006-2007年居民死亡原因登记系统中数据和伤害抽样调查资料为基础,估计道路交通事故导致的死亡和伤残现状,按照全球疾病负担研究中伤残调整寿命年(DALY)公式,利用直接法测算疾病健康负担,并评价道路交通伤害的经济负担.结果 蓬莱市平均每年因道路交通伤害造成31 373.04个健康寿命年损失,相当于每1000人损失70.59个健康寿命年;男性健康寿命年损失高于女性;15～44岁年龄段青壮年健康寿命年损失最高,占全部寿命损失的一半以上;DALY主要由失能所致的寿命损失年(YLD)构成(占79.45%).两年间总经济损失为21.85亿元,占同期GDP总量的4.89%,其中间接经济损失达21.52亿元,占全部损失的98.45%,男性造成经济损失明显高于女性,15～59岁年龄段经济损失占全部损失的97.65%.结论 道路交通伤害严重影响蓬莱市居民身体健康,给个人、家庭和社会带来沉重的负担.

Abstract：

Objective To evaluate the burden of road traffic injury (RTI) from perspectives both on the health of population and on social economic status so as to provide scientific evidence for policy making. Methods The status of mortality and disability caused by traffic accident in Penglai county was estimated, based on data from death registration and a sampling survey from 2006 to 2007.Together with the disability weights gained from global burden of disease (GBD) , health burden (DALY) was measured with GBD formula. The economic burden of RTI was evaluated. Results Average loss of the health life years (HLY) related to RTI was 31 373.04 per year. 70.59 HLY were lost per 1000 persons. Loss among the males was higher than females. The loss of DALY among the age group 15-44 years ranked the first place (39 209.71 HLY) which accounted for 62.42% of the total DALY. 79.45% of the total DALY were caused by disability. In 2006 and 2007 ,the economic loss caused by RTI was as high as 2.19 billion RMB, which accounted for 4.89% of the total amount of GDP while the indirect economic costs (2.15 billion RMB) accounted for 98.45% of the total costs in Penglai city. The economic loss of the males was obviously higher than the females and the loss by the group aged 15-59 years old accounted for 97.65% of the total. Conclusion RTI had severely influenced the health of the residents in Penglai city and brought heavy burden to the individuals,families as well as the society.