恒速持续与间歇静脉滴注脱氧氟脲苷毒副作用比较

目的比较胃肠癌术后恒速持续静脉滴注与间歇静脉滴注脱氧氟脲苷对病人的毒副作用。方法选择2002年1月至2005年12月间的80例胃肠癌手术后病人，随机分为两组，每组40例，治疗组在静滴顺铂和表阿霉素的基础上恒速持续静脉滴注FUDR 500mg／24h，持续72h；对照组在上述化疗基础上间歇静脉滴注FUDR 500mg／d，2-3h／次，1～5d。化疗期间及结束后，查血常规、肝肾功能，观察毒副反应。结果治疗组仅29例完成化疗，均在化疗后d3出现逐渐加重的口腔炎，重者无法进食，饮水；对照组40例全部完成化疗，仅2例发生以口腔炎为主的毒副反应，且程度轻，不影响进食，饮水；两组病人肝肾功能及造血功能无明显改变。结论长时间（72h）恒速持续静脉滴注FUDR可导致较为严重的、以口腔炎为主的化疗毒副反应。     

氧化苦参碱预防胃肠癌辅助化疗中的毒副作用

目的 探讨氧化苦参碱在预防胃肠癌化疗过程中血液以及肝肾毒副作用中的临床价值。方法 选择2002年1月至2005年1月间的60例胃肠癌手术后病人，随机分为两组，每组30例，治疗组在化疗的同时应用氧化苦参碱600mg／d，d1-12，不加用氧化苦参碱的为对照组。化疗结束后，查血常规、肝肾功能，对两组之间的毒副作用的差异进行评估。结果 治疗组的28例历经148次化疗，骨髓造血、肝肾功能无明显变化，而对照组29例历经158次化疗，骨髓造血和肝肾功能有明显变化。结论 氧化苦参碱可有效地预防胃肠癌术后化疗过程中出现的毒副作用，提高化疗的安全性。     

氟尿嘧啶低剂量持续静脉输注治疗晚期消化系统恶性肿瘤46例临床分析

目的：探讨5-氟尿嘧啶(5-FU)低剂量持续静脉输注治疗晚期消化系统恶性肿瘤的临床疗效。方法：分析我院应用5-FU低剂量持续静脉输注为主联合化疗治疗晚期消化系统恶性肿瘤46例临床资料。全部患者均给予5-FU持续静脉泵入，泵入速度为2mL／h维持360h，均按计划完成化疗2个周期以上。结果：治疗达到PR22例，SD18例，PD6例，有效率为47．8％(22／46)。毒副反应较轻，大多为Ⅰ～Ⅱ级消化道反应及骨髓抑制。结论：5-FU低剂量长时间持续静脉输注为主的联合化疗，是消化系统恶性肿瘤安全有效的化疗途径，值得临床推广应用。     

L—OHP＋FUDR／CF动脉内持续灌注并容式射频热疗治疗中晚期大肠癌

目的 评估动脉内持续灌注L-OHP FUDR/CF，并腹部容式射频加热治疗中晚期大肠癌的可行性。方法 本组18例中晚期大肠癌病人，除2例因高龄拒绝手术治疗外，其他16例均为瘤体不可切除或术后局部复发或伴有他处转移。采用Seldinger技术，行股动脉穿刺置管，将导管选择插至肿瘤的供养动脉。将导管盘曲在腹股沟区域，并用3M敷贴和弹力胶布外固定，留置导管，行容式射频热疗1次。热疗后，连接微量泵，行动脉内持续灌注化疗，化疗方案：L-OHP 150mg／m^2，动脉内持续6h，d1～2；FUDR 0．5／m^2，动脉内持续18h，d1～3；CF200mg／m^2,i.v．，d1～3。热疗间隔72h重复进行，每个疗程配合4次热疗。两个疗程间隔4～6wk左右。动脉内持续灌注化疗期间，定期复查周围血象和肝肾功能，观察临床不良反应；完成2个疗程后进行综合疗效的评估。结果 18例大肠癌病人，接受2个疗程10例，3个疗程4例，4个疗程2例，5个疗程2例，平均2．8个疗程。CR0例，PR14例，SD3例，PD1例，有效率为77．8％。胃纳下降，腹泻、口腔黏膜溃疡、以及白细胞Ⅰ～Ⅱ度下降等是动脉内化疗的主要不良反应。18例病人，无明显热疗不良反应。结论 动脉内持续灌注L-OHP FUDR／CF，并容式射频热疗治疗中晚期大肠癌病人安全、有效，毒副反应轻，值得临床推广和应用。     

以异环磷酰胺、顺铂、长春地辛联合化疗为主综合治疗小细胞肺癌的疗效观察

目的 观察异环磷酰胺(1FO)、顺铂(DDP)、长春地辛(VDS)联合化疗为主综合治疗小细胞肺癌的疗效及毒副反应。方法 36例小细胞肺癌采用IFO 2．0静滴连用5天，MESNA 400mg于IFO后0、4、8h静脉输注，VDS 5mg第1、8两天静脉输注，DDP 40mg静脉滴注，连用3天。21天为一周期，2～4周期后给予放疗。之后再按原方案化疗4～6周期止并评价疗效。结果 总有效率为72．2％(26／36)，其中初治者84．0％(21／25)，复治者45．5％(5／11)；1年生存牢为75．0％，3年生存率为36．1％。主要毒副反应为骨髓抑制。结论 以异环磷酰胺、顺铂、长春地辛联合化疗为主的综合治疗小细咆肺癌能有效地提高患者近期和远期疗效，毒副反应能够耐受。     

改良FOLFOX方案一线治疗晚期大肠癌的临床观察

目的以FOLFOX4方案为基础，改变奥沙利铂、5-氟脲嘧啶和亚叶酸钙的使用方法及剂量，设计改良的FOLFOX方案，一线治疗晚期大肠癌，观察其疗效和毒副反应。方法51例晚期大肠癌患者接受奥沙利铂85mg／m^2静脉点滴2h，第1天；亚叶酸钙400mg／m^2静脉点滴2h，第1天；5-氟脲嘧啶2．6g／m^2，持续静脉输注46h，每2周重复。结果完全缓解2例、部分缓解22例、稳定14例、疾病进展13例，全组有效率47．0％（24／51）。生活质量明显改善38例（74．6％）。毒副反应主要是恶心呕吐、骨髓抑制、手足麻木，程度均较轻。结论改良FOLFOX方案一线治疗晚期大肠癌疗效确切，毒副反应可耐受。     

奥沙利铂与氟尿嘧啶及亚叶酸钙联合治疗晚期大肠癌

目的：研究奥沙利铂(L-OHP)与氟尿嘧啶(5-FU)及亚叶酸钙(CF)联合应用治疗晚期大肠癌的疗效和毒副反应。方法：采用L-OHP 130mg／m^2，静脉滴入2h，d1；CF 200mg／m^2，静脉滴入2h，d1～d5；5-FU 300mg／m^3(≤500mg／d)，静脉滴入4h，d1～d5(CF滴完后)；21d为1个周期。结果：总有效率为30％，毒副反应以骨髓抑制、感觉神经毒性为主，白细胞下降发生率为45％，神经毒性发生率80％，本组无Ⅳ度毒副反应。结论：L-OHP、5-FU、CF联合应用治疗晚期大肠癌疗效肯定，毒副反应能耐受。     

FOLFOX-6方案治疗晚期胃肠道肿瘤的临床观察

为了观察FOLFOX-6方案治疗晚期胃肠道肿瘤的近期疗效及毒副反应，对36例晚期胃肠道肿瘤患者予以FOLFOX-6方案化疗，草酸铂（L-OHP）100mg／m^2＋5％葡萄糖500mL，静脉滴入，3h，d1；亚叶酸钙（CF）200mg／m^2＋生理盐水250mL，静脉滴入，2h，d1；5-氟尿嘧啶（5-FU）500mg＋生理盐水20mL，静脉推注，d1，续以5-Fu2500mg／m^2微量注射泵持续静脉滴入，46h，d1，d2，每2周重复。2个周期后评价疗效和毒副反应。全组有30例可评价疗效，其中完全缓解（CR）2例，部分缓解（PR）12例，稳定（SD）13例，进展（PD）3例，总有效率（CR＋PR）46．7％。化疗后白细胞降低发生率达50．8％，恶心呕吐发生率62．5％，腹泻44．2％，周围神经毒性发生率为35．8％。初步研究结果提示，FOLFOX-6方案治疗晚期胃肠道恶性肿瘤的近期疗效较好，毒副反应可以耐受，值得临床进一步研究应用。     

奥沙利铂联合5-氟尿嘧啶与亚叶酸钙治疗大肠癌的临床分析

目的研究奥沙利铂（L-OHP）与氟尿嘧啶（5-Fu）及亚叶酸钙（CF）联合应用治疗晚期大肠癌的疗效和毒副反应。方法采用L-OHP130mg／m^2，静脉滴入4h，d1；CF200mg／m^2，静脉滴入2h，d1-5；5-Fu300mg／m^2（≤500mg／d），静脉滴入6h，d1-5（CF滴完后）；21d为1个周期。结果总有效率为53．3％，毒副反应以骨髓抑制、感觉神经毒性为主，白细胞下降发生率为46．7％，神经毒性发生率60％，本组无Ⅳ度毒副反应。结论L-OHP、5-Fu、CF联合应用治疗晚期大肠癌疗效肯定，毒副反应能耐受。     

腹腔内灌注结合静脉给药双路化疗法治疗晚期大肠癌的疗效观察

目的：比较双路化疗法与静脉单路化疗法治疗晚期大肠癌的疗效及毒副反应。方法：1996年3月至2002年8月间，我科采用随机对照方法，将89例志愿晚期结肠直肠癌患者，分为双路化疗组(44例)及单路静脉化疗组(45例)。双路化疗组给予吡喃阿霉素静推、羟基喜树碱静滴，5-Fu同顺铂腹腔灌注；静脉化疗组给予吡喃阿霉素静推、羟基喜树碱静滴、5-Fu静滴及顺铂静滴。两组以21天为一疗程，治疗二疗程结束后评价疗效，随访三年以上。结果：双路化疗组近期完全缓解(CR)率 部分缓解(PR)率为48．7％(19／39)，二年生存率为53．8％(2l／39)，毒副反应轻；静脉化疗组近期CR ：PR率为43．9％(18／41)，二年生存率为31．7％(13／41)，毒副反应重。结论：作者初步认为双路化疗法优于静脉化疗法。由于病例太少，最后结论有待于今后大宗病例的研究。     

氟脲苷肝动脉持续灌注联合草酸铂静脉化疗治疗肝转移癌

目的观察经肝动脉灌注氟脲苷(FUDR)同时联合草酸铂(OXA)静脉化疗治疗肝转移癌的疗效及毒副反应.方法 28例结直肠癌或胃癌肝转移患者,经肝动脉灌注FUDR,静脉输入OXA治疗2～6个周期.所有病例均行术前术后CT扫描评价治疗效果.随访44个月,评价疗效、生存期及毒副反应.结果总有效率为42.8%,中位生存时间(MST)为25个月,出现肝转移后的MST为15.5个月,1,2,3年生存率分别为89.3%、67.8%和25.0%.结论采用新的化疗方案FUDR加OXA局部联合全身同时化疗安全有效,患者生存期得以延长.     

Phase I clinical trial with floxuridine and high-dose continuous infusion of leucovorin calcium.

Sixty-two patients with metastatic disease were treated with continuous infusion folinic acid (leucovorin calcium; Lv) and 2-deoxy-5-fluorouridine (floxuridine; FUDR). Lv was given by constant intravenous (IV) infusion at 500 mg/m2/d, days 1 to 6, while FUDR was given by IV push, days 2 to 6, at 3:00 PM daily with doses ranging from 294 to 1,214 mg/m2/d. This program was well tolerated with dose-limiting toxicities of diarrhea and stomatitis, while hematologic toxicity was minimal. Eighty-two percent of the assessable patients (46 of 56) had failed at least one chemotherapy regimen. One complete remission lasting 9 months and 10 partial remissions ranging from 5 to 10 months were observed in this heavily pretreated patient population for an overall response rate of 20%. These data suggest that the combination therapy with Lv and FUDR may have clinical use. Because of differing patient sensitivity to this drug combination, the recommended dose of FUDR for the initial therapy cycle is 500 mg/m2/d, days 2 to 6, with subsequent escalation to 900 mg/m2/d in those patients without extreme sensitivity. Phase II studies are now in progress with these doses.     

Toxicities and complications of implanted pump hepatic arterial and intravenous floxuridine infusion

Toxicities and complications were prospectively analyzed in patients with liver metastases receiving hepatic intra-arterial (IA) and systemic intravenous (IV) floxuridine (FUDR) with the Infusaid (Intermedics-Infusaid Corp., Norwood, MA) implantable pump. Among 55 patients treated with IA FUDR (0.3-0.1 mg/kg/day X 14, every 28 days), elevations in liver enzyme values, not attributable to disease progression, developed in 96% of patients. Serious biliary toxicity occurred in 31 patients (56%). In 16, biliary sclerosis was documented radiographically and was diagnosed clinically in 15 additional patients. Ten patients were hospitalized for biliary toxicity, including five who required cholecystectomy for acalculous cholecystitis. Because of the high reported incidence of serious gastroduodenal toxicity after IA FUDR infusion, our procedure for hepatic arterial cannulation was designed to eliminate misperfusion of the stomach and duodenum with drug; none of our patients experienced FUDR-associated gastroduodenal ulceration or bleeding. Cyclic IV FUDR (0.05-0.15 mg/kg/day X 14, every 28 days) was administered to 31 participants of the Northern California Oncology Group trial (3L-82-1) of IV versus IA FUDR. Dose-limiting toxicity was diarrhea. Serious toxicities were: protracted diarrhea (three), dermatitis (two), tear duct stenosis (two), and stomatitis (two). Three patients were hospitalized for toxicity. No hematologic or biliary toxicity occurred. The optimal route for treatment of hepatic metastases with continuous FUDR infusion has not yet been established. Systemic IV infusion has low morbidity, but preliminary response data need to be substantiated in controlled clinical trials before there can be widespread clinical application. High response rates for IA infusion have been previously documented. Morbidity due to acalculous cholecystitis and gastroduodenal ulceration can now be avoided. Despite significant progress in characterization of hepatobiliary toxicity, it remains dose-limiting. Continuous IA FUDR infusion should remain under the aegis of dedicated treatment centers until standardized protocols with diminished toxicity are established.     

Regional chemotherapy for hepatic metastases of colorectal carcinoma (continuous intraarterial versus continuous intraarterial/intravenous therapy). Results of a controlled clinical trial

Sixty-four patients with a biopsy diagnosis of colorectal cancer with liver metastases were treated with 5-fluorodeoxyuridine (FUDR) infusions. In a pilot study, the first 20 patients were given hepatic artery infusions of FUDR by implanted pumps. The remaining 44 patients were then randomized prospectively to compare the effectiveness of continuous hepatic artery and intravenous infusion of FUDR (IA/IV group; 21 patients) with hepatic artery infusion alone (IA group; 23 patients). A continuous 14-day infusion regimen of FUDR was applied each month. The dosage was 0.2 mg/kg/d of FUDR for the IA group and 0.3 mg/kg/d for the IA/IV group. The complete and partial response rates were each 50% in the pilot study and 52% and 48% in the IA and IA/IV randomized groups, respectively. Drug toxicities in the 64 patients included gastroenteritis (21%), chemical hepatitis (57%), and biliary sclerosis (25%). There was no difference in the toxicity of FUDR in the two randomized groups (P greater than 0.1). Extrahepatic spread of cancer during therapy was found in 61% (n = 14) of the IA group and 33% (n = 7) of the IA/IV group. There was no difference in survival between the randomized groups. The 64 patients were categorized into the following two groups according to their response to therapy: (1) responders (patients with complete or partial remission [n = 32]) or nonresponders (patients with stable disease or progression of metastases [n = 32]). The median survival time was 31 months for responders and 16 months for nonresponders (P less than 0.0001). Intraarterial FUDR infusion provided control of liver metastases. The combination of intraarterial and intravenous therapy seemed to prevent extrahepatic spread during therapy in most of the patients. Survival appeared to be significantly prolonged in patients with a regression of metastases.     

胃肠癌肝转移经肝动脉栓塞及皮下药盒持续灌注化疗的疗效初探

目的本研究观察经肝动脉栓塞化疗和(或)肝动脉插管持续灌注化疗治疗晚期胃肠癌肝转移的临床疗效.方法 22例无外科手术指征的晚期胃肠癌肝转移患者经肝动脉介入治疗共72次,单采取Seldinger法肝动脉内插管皮下埋置药盒持续灌注化疗48次,或先用吡柔比星(THP)60 mg/m2和DDP 50 mg/m2加入超液化碘油10～30 ml进行肝动脉栓塞化疗再联合肝动脉持续灌注化疗共24次.肝动脉插管灌注的方案:CF 200 mg/m2,d1,d14,静脉滴入;顺铂(DDP)50 mg/m2,d1,或用奥沙利铂100～130 mg/m2,d1,从皮下药盒处缓慢推入;5-Fu 2 000～2 500 mg/m2,d1,d14,装入美国百特公司的便携式输液泵持续动脉灌注48 h.结果总有效率(完全缓解 部分缓解)为59.0%.肿瘤负荷＜30%者的有效率为77.8%,明显高于肿瘤负荷＞30%者(46.2%,P＜0.005).本组患者主要不良反应为肝功能损害、发热及胃肠道反应等,经相应对症处理可缓解.结论经肝动脉栓塞及插管持续化疗是治疗胃肠癌肝转移的安全有效方法,值得临床推广.     

胃肠肿瘤根治术后腹腔热灌注化疗结合高频热疗序贯静脉化疗与单纯静脉化疗的对比研究

目的:探讨胃肠肿瘤根治术后腹腔热灌注化疗联合高频热疗序贯静脉化疗对比单纯静脉化疗的疗效和安全性.方法:2005年4月-2010年4月接受胃肠肿瘤根治术的52例患者,其中25例于术后接受了腹腔热灌注化疗联合高频热疗序贯静脉化疗(治疗组),另27例接受了单纯静脉化疗(对照组).腹腔热灌注化疗方案为顺铂(100mg/m2)+5-氟尿嘧啶(3g/m2),分成3次剂量,分别于第1、5和9天进行腹腔热灌注化疗.比较2组的不良反应、疾病进展时间和总生存期.结果:治疗组术后1年和40个月的无进展率分别为72.0％和54.0％,中位疾病进展时间为40.1个月;对照组的术后1年和40个月无进展率分别为65.8％和11.5％,中位疾病进展时间为18.5个月.治疗组的中位疾病进展时间较对照组明显延长(P=0.027).治疗组的术后1年和20个月的总生存率分别为88.0％和78.0％;对照组的1年和20个月的总生存率分别为92.6％和72.7％.2组的生存率比较,差异无统计学意义(P=0.108).2组的化疗不良反应和并发症差异也无统计学意义.结论:胃肠肿瘤根治术后行腹腔热灌注化疗联合高频热疗序贯静脉化疗与单纯静脉化疗的不良反应和并发症发生率相似,至疾病进展时间明显延长.     

Raltitrexed arterial infusion chemotherapy analysis

Objective:The aim of this study was to analysis raltitrexed by the safety and ef icacy of intra-arterial infusion chemotherapy. Methods:Forty-seven cases in dif erent parts of cancer patients, interven...     

肝动脉灌注联合静脉化疗预防大肠癌术后肝转移的临床研究

目的观察肝动脉灌注联合静脉化疗预防大肠癌术后肝转移癌的疗效及毒副反应。方法治疗组28例大肠癌病人，术后3wk行肝动脉灌注联合静脉化疗6个周期，对照组28例则仅予以静脉化疗6个周期，所有病例术前、术后、化疗前后均行影像学检查以评价治疗效果，随访44mo，评价肝转移及毒副反应。结果治疗组肝转移率为：7．1％（2／28），对照组为：25．0％（7／28），但经统计学处理P〉0．05，两组之间无显著性差异，两组均无发生因化疗引起的造血系统、肝、肾功能的损害。无化疗相关的死亡病人。结论肝动脉灌注联合静脉化疗时可有效减少大肠痛术后的肝转移的发生，安全有效。     

Circadian-based infusional chrono-chemotherapy controls progressive metastatic renal cell carcinoma

We treated 25 patients with progressive metastatic renal cell carcinoma with continuous infusion of 5-fluoro-2-deoxyuridine (FUDR) by implanted pump. FUDR was infused for 14 days at monthly intervals. Starting dose was 0.15 mg/kg/day intravenous or 0.25 mg/kg/day intra-arterial; intravenous doses were increased or decreased in increments of 0.025 mg/kg/day as permitted by toxicity. Circadian time modification of the infusion shape (sinusoidal with the peak centered around 6 p.m.) significantly lowered serious intravenous infusion-associated toxicity, allowing higher dose intensity. In 24 evaluable patients, two complete responses (8%), six partial responses (25%), and one minor response were seen. One secondary partial response was observed after infusional velban (total objective response rate 37.5%). Previously progressive disease was controlled in greater than 80% of our patients. During a median follow-up period of 8 months (range of 2-26 months), the overall survival for all 25 patients is 75%. Our results indicate that metastatic renal cell cancer responds to infusional chemotherapy and that the circadian shape of infusion markedly affects our ability to deliver effective doses.