激光光凝治疗糖尿病视网膜病变疗效观察

目的探讨激光光凝治疗糖尿病视网膜病变（DR）的治疗效果。方法 89例（178只眼）DR患者行激光光凝治疗后,定期观察视力,进行眼底及荧光素眼底血管造影（FFA）检查,记录眼底新生血管、视网膜出血渗出、玻璃体积血等情况,观察4个月至2年。结果激光治疗1个月后视力提高≥2行69只眼（38.7%）,无变化63只眼（35.3%）,视力下降≥2行35只眼（26%）。视网膜及视盘新生血管消退170只眼（95.5%）。8只眼（4.5%）发生玻璃体积血,行玻璃体切割术,术中璃体腔曲安奈德注射,补充激光治疗。结论激光光凝是治疗DR的有效方法 。     

倍频532nm激光治疗糖尿病视网膜病变50例

目的观察倍频532nm激光视网膜光凝术治疗糖尿病视网膜病变(diabeticretinopathy,DR)的疗效。方法用倍频532nm激光对50例(89眼)增生前期和增生早期DR患者进行视网膜光凝治疗。光凝3～8次,术后平均随访16月。结果治疗后29眼(32.6%)视力提高,视力无变化55眼(61.8%),视力下降5眼(5.6%)。随病变程度增加疗效降低(P<0.01)。荧光素眼底血管造影检查,有黄斑水肿的58眼中,光凝后水肿完全消退者32眼(55.2%),部分消退者24眼(41.4%),不变者2眼(3.4%)。5眼晶状体混浊加重。结论倍频532nm激光视网膜光凝术治疗DR有效,在增生前期治疗效果好。     

老年人非增殖性糖尿病视网膜病变的氩激光治疗

的　探讨老年人非增殖性糖尿病视网膜病变氩激光光凝的临床特点、时效性和疗效。方法　老年人非增殖性糖尿病视网膜病变 ,黄斑水肿组 32只眼 ,非黄斑水肿 2 7只眼。行氩离子兰绿激光光凝。结果　治疗 5 9只眼 (44例 ) ,随访 2 9.98± 11.75个月。激光光凝有效 5 4只眼 (91% ) ,视力进步 7只眼 ,视力不变 42只眼。 0 .2以上视力 42只眼 (71% )。随访期间 5只眼行老年性白内障手术 ,均恢复有用视力 ,眼底无黄斑水肿。结论　老年人非增殖性糖尿病视网膜病变者血糖控制不良及全身性疾病等 ,发生黄斑水肿比例较高 ,应及时施行激光光凝治疗。同时 ,因对侧眼增殖性糖尿病视网膜病变或其它眼底病致低视力时 ,适当放宽激光光凝标准 ,对保护老年人糖尿病患者视力有益     

氩激光治疗糖尿病视网膜病变的疗效观察

目的:观察氩激光视网膜光凝治疗糖尿病视网膜病变的治疗效果.方法:选择经眼底血管荧光造影(FFA)确诊为增殖前期及增殖期的糖尿病视网膜病变患者56例(81眼),根据眼底荧光造影(FFA)的结果行标准全视网膜光凝,有临床意义的黄斑水肿者先行格栅样光凝,再行全视网膜光凝,治疗后3～12 mo分别行眼底荧光造影,对需要者进一步补充光凝.观察治疗前后的视力、眼底荧光造影了解视网膜血管渗漏情况以及新生血管的变化.结果:全视网膜光凝81眼治疗后视力提高者22眼,占27%,视力不变52眼,占64%,有效率达91%,视力下降7眼,占9%.增生性糖尿病视网膜病变有6眼新生血管完全消退,占23%,15眼部分消退,占57%,增殖前期视网膜出血、渗出完全吸收13眼,23%,部分吸收35眼,64%,7眼不变,占13%.13眼合并有黄斑水肿者部分或完全消退7眼,占54%.结论:及时行氩激光全视网膜光凝治疗对于改善糖尿病视网膜病变的视功能有重要作用,无明显并发症发生.     

非超声乳化小切口白内障术后糖尿病视网膜病变的激光治疗

目的:探讨非超声乳化小切口白内障摘除人工晶状体植入术后糖尿病视网膜病变激光治疗的时机及效果。方法:对41例68眼行非超声乳化小切口白内障摘除人工晶状体植入术后的糖尿病视网膜病变患者在眼底荧光血管造影(FFA)指导下早期予以激光光凝。结果:光凝治疗后41例68眼术后随访均满1a,其中视力提高19眼(28%);视力不变40眼(59%);视力下降9眼(13%),总有效率为87%。由于先处理已存在的黄斑水肿,未见全视网膜光凝术后黄斑水肿加重。结论:适时的白内障非超声乳化摘除人工晶状体植入术后合理及时的进行激光光凝,能有效的控制糖尿病视网膜病变的进展,稳定视力。FFA是进行正确有效激光重要参考依据。     

增生性糖尿病视网膜病变弥漫性黄斑水肿的激光治疗

目的　评价全视网膜光凝联合黄斑格栅样光凝治疗伴有弥漫性黄斑水肿的增生性糖尿病视网膜病变的疗效。方法　 4 0例 5 0眼伴有弥漫性黄斑水肿的增生性糖尿病视网膜病变患者 ,采用氩绿激光进行黄斑格栅样光凝联合全视网膜光凝。分析视力、黄斑水肿和新生血管的变化。结果　激光治疗后随访 6～ 30个月 ,5 0眼中 36眼治疗有效 ;76 %患眼的视力稳定 ,视力进步者占 12 % ;6 2 %患眼黄斑水肿明显减少 ,黄斑水肿完全消退者占 10 % ;视网膜新生血管或视盘新生血管完全消退者为 12 % ,部分消退者为 5 6 % ,余 14眼 (2 8% )治疗无效。结论　全视网膜光凝联合黄斑格栅样光凝是治疗伴有弥漫性黄斑水肿的增生性糖尿病视网膜病变的有效措施。     

倍频固体激光治疗视网膜静脉阻塞疗效分析

目的探讨倍频固体激光治疗视网膜静脉阻塞的方法和疗效。方法应用倍频固体激光治疗视网膜静脉阻塞46例47眼,对其中10眼行全网膜光凝术,37眼行局域性视网膜光凝术,治疗次数1-4次,光凝后3m-6m随访,4眼复查后行补充光凝。对比分析治疗前后视力及眼底荧光血管造影(FFA)情况。结果激光治疗后视力提高(2行以上)者5眼(10.6%);视力无明显变化者29眼(61.7%);视力下降者13眼(27.7%)。荧光血管造影显示治疗有效42眼(89.4%),治疗无效5眼(10.6%)。结论激光治疗虽不能明确提高视力,但能促进水肿、出血、渗出的吸收,阻止病变的进一步发展,防止增殖性玻璃体视网膜病变和新生血管性青光眼的发生。     

二极管激光眼科临床应用初步报告

为了探讨二极管激光治疗眼病的方法及效果，对眼病患者７０例８１只眼进行了二极管激光治疗，其中各种眼底病的光凝４０眼，虹膜周切及虹膜周边成形术２４眼，经巩膜睫状体光凝５眼，瞳孔成形术４眼，光凝倒睫６眼，下睑色素痣２眼。结果显示青光眼组光凝治疗前后视力相同者７２．４％、视力提高者２４．１％、视力下降者３．４％。光凝后眼压正常者９６．６％。眼底病组光凝后渗出及出血吸收，新生血管及微血管瘤消失，黄斑水肿消退，视网膜裂孔封闭可靠，均无视力下降、眼底出血等并发症发生。认为二极管激光在眼科的应用范围较广，其穿透力强，介质吸收率低，能透过混浊的晶体及玻璃体进行治疗，并可经巩膜作睫状体光凝术，尤其对黄斑病变及中心凹下脉络膜新生血管具有保留中心视力的优点。因其安全、方便、有效，故具有广阔的应用前景     

多波长激光治疗DR合并视网膜中央静脉阻塞

目的：观察多波长激光治疗糖尿病视网膜病变（ diabetic retinopathy,DR）合并视网膜中央静脉阻塞（ central retinal vein occlusion, CRVO）的疗效。 方法：选取DR合并CRVO患者95例100眼,采用多波长激光进行光凝治疗。其中黄斑区以氪黄激光治疗为主,包括局部光凝和格栅光凝,周边光凝以氪绿或氪红激光进行治疗。手术前后均进行视力、眼底、荧光素眼底血管造影检查。术后随访12~48 wk。观察比较两组光凝前后视力及黄斑水肿变化,并做统计学分析。 结果：在黄斑格栅光凝组,有效率为61.2%,在黄斑局部光凝组,有效率为86.3%,后者总有效率高于前者,有统计学差异（P〈0.05）。 结论：多波长激光治疗DR合并CRVO患者的黄斑水肿安全、有效。     

氪黄激光治疗黄斑水肿疗效观察

目的 探讨氪黄激光治疗视网膜血管病所致黄斑水肿的疗效.方法 对60例(75只眼)视网膜血管病所致黄斑水肿患者行氪黄激光光凝治疗,局限性水肿行微血管瘤或扩张的毛细血管直接光凝.弥漫性水肿行C形格栅或环形格栅光凝.术后1、3、6个月、1年复查视力和荧光素眼底血管造影(FFA).结果 光凝后视力提高2行以上者14只眼,占18.7%,下降2行以上者6只眼,占8%,视力不变者55只眼,占73.3%.复查FFA:显示毛细血管无灌注基本消失,血管渗漏基本消失,新生血管萎缩,黄斑水肿减轻者41只眼,占77.4%,新生血管无消退迹象者5只眼,占9.4%.结论 根据黄斑水肿范围、类型选择激光参数,并随时核对黄斑中心凹的位置,可使黄斑水肿的光凝安全、有效.     

Recent developments in retinal lasers and delivery systems

Photocoagulation is the standard of care for several ocular disorders and in particular retinal conditions. Technology has offered us newer lasing mediums, wavelengths and delivery systems. Pattern scan laser in proliferative diabetic retinopathy and diabetic macular edema allows laser treatment that is less time consuming and less painful. Now, it is possible to deliver a subthreshold micropulse laser that is above the threshold of biochemical effect but below the threshold of a visible, destructive lesion thereby preventing collateral damage. The advent of solid-state diode yellow laser allows us to treat closer to the fovea, is more effective for vascular structures and offers a more uniform effect in patients with light or irregular fundus pigmentation. Newer retinal photocoagulation options along with their advantages is discussed in this review.     

Ocular effects of various laser wavelengths

Lasers have become an indispensable tool in management of many ocular disorders. This review describes the principles of lasers and the effects various laser modalities and wavelength modalities can produce on ocular structure. Guidelines are provided for appropriate selection of various wavelengths and prevention of complications of the laser treatment.     

Femtosecond laser photodisruption of human trabecular meshwork: an in vitro study

The goal of this in vitro study was to test the feasibility of using femtosecond (fsec) laser pulses to fistulize the human trabecular meshwork (TM), and to determine the minimum exposure time and energy dosage needed to create an ablation channel. Corneo-scleral rims were obtained from tissue used for penetrating keratoplasty. Four millimeter tissue strips hydrated in Optisol-GS were used to create partial thickness fistulas in the human TM by focusing a Ti:Sapphire laser beam (45 fsec, 1 kHz, 800 nm) with various pulse energies (7.2 and 14.4 microJ) and exposure times (0.25, 0.5, 1, and 2 sec) on the inner surface of the TM. Two-photon images of the lesions were obtained with a multiphoton microscope, using an ultrafast Ti:Sapphire light source. In addition, sections of fixed tissue were examined by light microscopy. Diameters and lengths of the lesions were determined from the hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stained sections, and the collagen structure surrounding the lesion was evaluated from the two-photon images. All selected time points (except for 0.25 sec) and energies achieved the desired photodisruption of the TM. Incisions created with 0.5 sec/14.4 microJ irradiation appeared to be the most suitable because they were able to achieve consistent full thickness trabecular ablation. Incisions created at 1 sec /14.4 microJ/pulse and 2 sec/14.4 microJ/pulse were deeper than those at shorter time points with the same pulse energy. Longer exposure times and higher pulse energies were usually more variable and associated with deeper and larger incisions and slight collateral damage. Our results indicate that, with appropriate exposure time and pulse energy, fsec photodisruption can be employed to create lesions in the human TM without damaging the surrounding tissues. This study demonstrates that fsec laser treatments may have future potential for the surgical treatment of glaucoma.     

氪激光与氩激光光凝治疗糖尿病性黄斑水肿的疗效比较

目的:回顾性分析对比氩激光和氪激光光凝治疗糖尿病性黄斑水肿(DME)的疗效。方法:2003-06/2006-06我们选用98例(154眼)黄斑水肿患者随机分为氪、氩激光治疗组治疗,治疗后随诊3~36(平均17.5)mo。结果:氩激光组黄斑水肿消退21眼,部分消退32眼,不变25眼;氪激光组黄斑水肿消退27眼,部分消退37眼,不变12眼,两组疗效比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。氩激光组视力提高29眼,不变23眼,下降26眼;氪激光组视力提高34眼,不变29眼,下降13眼,两组疗效比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:在治疗条件基本相同的情况下,氩激光和氪激光都能进行有效的糖尿病性黄斑水肿治疗,氪离子激光治疗黄斑水肿更具有优越性。     

FD Nd:YAG激光光凝治疗视网膜裂孔

目的：探讨激光在视网膜裂孔的光凝治疗中的作用，以及视网膜脱离术后行眼底激光光凝治疗对其手术的补充作用和在光凝中的技术问题。方法：对36例视网膜裂孔的患者用FD Nd：YAG(532nm)激光进行视网膜光凝治疗。结果：36眼视网膜裂孔的患者中，治疗有效28眼，占77．8％。结论：用FD Nd：YAG(532nm)激光对视网膜裂孔的患者进行视网膜光凝治疗效果显著。     

Selective laser trabeculoplasty retreatment after prior argon laser trabeculoplasty: 1-year results

BACKGROUND: Argon laser trabeculoplasty (ALT) and selective laser trabeculoplasty (SLT) are treatments for open-angle glaucoma. Many patients have previously received ALT but could benefit from further treatment. The purpose of this study was to examine whether SLT provided clinical benefit for patients who had previously received complete argon treatment. METHODS: This was a prospective, partially randomized, comparison study. The study compared the effect after 1 year of SLT in patients with open-angle glaucoma (primary, pigmentary, or pseudoexfoliation) who had previously received 360 degrees of ALT with the effect of laser treatment (ALT or SLT) given for the first time in patients with this condition. Ninety-six subjects were given 180 degrees of laser trabeculoplasty. When both eyes qualified for treatment, the first eye treated was included in the analysis. Twenty-seven subjects were treated with SLT after previously receiving 360 degrees of ALT therapy; the remainder were given their first laser treatment, 30 being randomly assigned by coin toss to receive SLT and 39 to receive ALT. RESULTS: The mean intraocular pressure (IOP) before treatment was 21.5 mm Hg (SLT after ALT), 22.9 mm Hg (SLT), and 22.0 mm Hg (ALT), with no statistical difference among the groups (p > 0.05). The mean IOP at 1 year was 16.7 mm Hg (SLT after ALT), 17.1 mm Hg (SLT), and 16.4 mm Hg (ALT). The IOP for all 3 groups was statistically significantly lower than at baseline (p < 0.001), but there were no differences among the groups in this respect (p > 0.05). At 1 year, the percentage IOP reductions from baseline were 23% (SLT), 19.3% (SLT after ALT), and 24% (ALT). There were no differences among the groups in the number of medications used before the laser, although there was a small but statistically significant decrease in the number of medications used before or after the laser treatment in both the SLT and the SLT after ALT group, but not the ALT group. INTERPRETATION: SLT retreatment can produce a clinically useful decrease in IOP at 1 year, similar to that obtained by ALT, in patients who have had prior argon laser treatment. SLT may be a useful adjunctive therapy when 360 degrees of ALT has already been performed.     

Selective laser trabeculoplasty (SLT) vs other treatment modalities for glaucoma: systematic review

Purpose

Systemic review to compare selective laser trabeculoplasty (SLT) to other glaucoma treatment options in terms of their intraocular pressure (IOP)-lowering effect.

Methods

Searches of the following databases were performed: PubMed, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Ovid, EMBASE, metaRegister of Controlled Trials, and ClinicalTrials.gov. Only randomised controlled trials (RCTs) published in peer-reviewed journals comparing SLT to other glaucoma treatment options were considered. The main outcome measure was the change in IOP from baseline.

Results

An initial search of PubMed identified 23 RCTs with 17 meeting the inclusion criteria. Nine RCTs compared 180° SLT to 180° argon laser trabeculoplasty (ALT) and one trial compared 360° SLT to 360° ALT, all reporting no difference in terms of IOP reduction from baseline. One RCT reported better outcomes with SLT at 1 year but this effect regressed at 2 years. Three trials compared 360° SLT to medical therapy and found no difference between the two treatment options. One trial found greater IOP reduction with latanoprost vs 90° and 180° SLT, and greater IOP reduction with 180° and 360° SLT versus 90° SLT, however no differences were found between 360° SLT versus latanoprost or 360° vs 180° SLT. Two trials compared 180° SLT to 360° SLT finding no difference in IOP reduction. Two trials compared 180° SLT to 90° SLT, one finding no significant difference and one finding greater IOP reduction with 180° SLT over 90° SLT. One trial compared excimer laser trabeculotomy (ELT) to 180° SLT, finding no differences in IOP reduction up to 3 months follow-up but greater IOP reduction with ELT at time intervals between 9 and 24 months. There were no RCTs identified that compared SLT to surgery.

Conclusion

In terms of the IOP lowering effect, there is no difference between SLT and ALT. Three trials indicate no difference between 360° SLT and medical therapy, with one of the trials indicating greater IOP reduction with latanoprost over 90° and 180° SLT. Three trials indicate no difference between 180° SLT and 360° SLT. It is inconclusive whether 90° is less efficacious than 180° SLT. One trial reports greater IOP reduction with ELT over 180° SLT in the long term.     

糖尿病视网膜病变多点扫描激光治疗的研究现状

糖尿病视网膜病变(diabetic retinopathy,DR)是糖代谢异常导致的眼部严重微血管并发症,是工作人群中首位致盲性眼病。尽管现在有多种方法可以有效治疗DR,如玻璃体腔注药术、光动力疗法(photodynamic therapy,PDT)、玻璃体切割术(pars plana vitrectomy,PPV)等,但激光光凝视网膜仍是目前DR治疗的首选方法。但近年来随着激光技术的发展,传统激光中的单点模式已不能满足临床需要,已逐渐被更安全、更有效、并发症少的多点扫描激光替代。我们就DR的多点扫描激光治疗现状作一综述。     

Terapia láser transescleral de micropulsos en el manejo de los pacientes de glaucoma

ObjectiveTo evaluate the efficacy and safety of MicroPulse® transscleral laser therapy (TLT) in the management of glaucoma patients.MethodsA prospective, interventional, non-comparative case series was conducted in the department of ophthalmology, Ain Shams University Hospital on 61 eyes of 46 patients with various glaucoma types and of severity, ranging from mild to severe. In addition to best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), intraocular pressure (IOP) and the number of glaucoma medications were recorded before and after treatment, along with the postoperative need for systemic carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (CAI), success rates, number of treatment sessions and postoperative complications. Success was defined as an IOP of 6-18 mmHg or at least a 30% decrease from preoperative IOP in the absence of any vision-threatening complications during the 6-month follow-up period.ResultsMicroPulse TLT was performed on 61 glaucomatous eyes. Eleven of the 61 eyes (18%) that did not achieve IOP between 6-18 mmHg, or at least a 30% decrease from baseline at 6 months, had a repeat MicroPulse TLT session.At 6 months follow-up post a single MicroPulse TLT session, the mean IOP reduction was 35.9 ± 14.2%; and 6 months after the second session, it was 36.2 ± 17.5% (P < .001). The success rate after the first session was 73.8% which increased to 78.7% after the second session. The mean anterior chamber (AC) cell reaction was + 1.9 ± .8 at 1 day, + 1.0 ± .7 at 1 week, and + .2 ± .4 at 1 month postoperatively. No cells were detected in any of the cases at 3 and 6 months follow-up (P < .001). The average number of anti-glaucoma eye drops before MicroPulse TLT was 2.6 ± 1.0. Postintervention, the average number of anti-glaucoma eye drops was 1.7 ± 1.2, and sustained at 6 months follow-up after the last treatment session (P < .001). There were no significant complications were noted. One eye developed transient hypotony for 3 months after MicroPulse TLT.ConclusionsMicroPulse TLT is safe and effective in lowering IOP in a variety of glaucoma types and severity.