高血压合并糖耐量减低患者血清瘦素水平与尿微量白蛋白的相关性

目的通过分析血清瘦素水平与尿微量白蛋白、体质指数、空腹胰岛素和稳态模型评价胰岛素抵抗指数等指标的相关性,探讨其在高血压合并糖耐量减低发生机制中可能起到的作用。方法采用放射免疫法检测198例高血压病患者和47例正常对照者的血清瘦素、尿白蛋白排泄率、空腹胰岛素、血清与尿β2微球蛋白等指标。结果女性血清瘦素水平显著高于男性(P<0.001)。高血压患者中糖耐量减低者的血清瘦素水平和尿白蛋白排泄率显著高于对照组(13.6±8.0μg/L比3.87±1.48μg/L和18.8±12.5μg/min比5.47±2.19μg/min,P<0.05)及糖耐量正常者(13.6±8.0μg/L比6.08±2.03μg/L和18.8±12.5μg/min比10.0±5.2μg/min,P<0.05),低于合并糖尿病者(13.6±8.0μg/L比16.6±8.7μg/L和18.8±12.5μg/min比30.5±12.3μg/min,P<0.05)。其中肥胖者的血清瘦素水平显著高于非肥胖者(15.1±9.0μg/L比11.6±6.0μg/L,P<0.05)。尿微量白蛋白者血清瘦素水平显著高于尿白蛋白正常者(16.0±9.9μg/L比11.7±5.6μg/L,P<0.05)。本实验在控制了性别和体质因素后,糖耐量减低组的血清瘦素水平与尿白蛋白排泄率(r=0.543,P<0.001)、尿β2微球蛋白(r=0.337,P<0.01)、血清β2微球蛋白(r=0.230,P<0.05)、脉压(r=0.364,P<0.001)、胰岛素抵抗指数(r=0.325,P<0.01)、空腹胰岛素(r=0.302,P<0.01)和收缩压(r=0.290,P<0.01)呈显著正相关。多因素Backward逐步回归分析表明,性别、尿白蛋白排泄率、胰岛素抵抗指数和脉压与血清瘦素相关最显著。结论性别和体质指数是影响瘦素水平的决定性因素。高血压患者中合并IGT的发生发展是多因素综合作用的结果,此阶段可能已存在早期肾功能损伤。     

中心型肥胖患者内皮舒张功能与血清瘦素相关

目的探讨中心型肥胖患者内皮依赖性舒张功能异常与血清瘦素的关系。方法按配对方法分为中心型肥胖组和对照组,用放射免疫法检测血清瘦素水平,用高分辨超声技术检测肱动脉内皮舒张功能。结果中心型肥胖组肱动脉内皮依赖性舒张功能较对照组明显减退(6.71%±3.60%比13.81%±3.71%,P<0.01),非内皮依赖性舒张功能差异无显著性(19.71%±6.63%比18.60%±6.35%,P>0.05)。中心型肥胖组血清瘦素水平明显高于对照组,男性肥胖组与男性对照组比较(8.63±3.73μg/L比3.05±1.56μg/L,P<0.01)、女性肥胖组与女性对照组比较(16.73±6.93μg/L比7.93±3.66μg/L,P<0.01)差异均有显著性。Pearson相关分析显示肱动脉内皮依赖性舒张功能与血清瘦素水平呈显著负相关。结论中心型肥胖者存在内皮依赖性舒张功能异常,它与血清瘦素水平的增高有关。     

血清基质金属蛋白酶-9检测与系统性红斑狼疮活动性的关系

目的探讨血清基质金属蛋白酶-9(MMP-9)与系统性红斑狼疮(SLE)活动程度的关系和意义。方法采用双抗体夹心酶联免疫吸附测定法,检测30名健康人和36例SLE患者血清MMP-9水平,以分析其与SLE活动性变化关系。结果SLE患者血清MMP-9水平[(108±113)ng/ml]明显低于正常对照组[(352±115)ng/ml],P<0.001;糖皮质激素治疗后血清MMP-9水平[(246±196)ng/ml]与治疗前水平[(114±92)ng/ml]相比,差异有显著性意义(P<0.05);SLE患者活动期血清MMP-9水平[(72±66)ng/ml]低于非活动期[(166±146)ng/ml],P<0.05;SLEDAI>8分组[(80±72)ng/ml]低于SLEDAI≤8分组[(152±150)ng/ml],P<0.05;蛋白尿组[(82±20)ng/ml]低于非蛋白尿组[(152±43)ng/ml],P<0.05;关节炎组[(103±126)ng/ml]与非关节炎组[(117±89)ng/ml]之间差异无显著性,P>0.05。结论MMP-9可能与SLE的发病相关,血清MMP-9可作为反映SLE活动程度、肾脏损害及疾病进展或改善的一项指标。     

系统性红斑狼疮患者血清中B淋巴细胞刺激因子的检测

目的检测系统性红斑狼疮(SLE)患者血清B淋巴细胞刺激因子(BLyS)水平,并探讨其在SLE发病中的意义。方法采用双抗体夹心酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)法检测血清BLyS水平。结果①SLE患者血清BLyS[(9.6±2.3)ng/ml]显著高于正常人对照组[(4.0±1.5)ng/ml]。②SLE患者中,血清BLyS水平活动组[(11.1±2.2)ng/ml]高于非活动组[(8.1±1.2)ng/ml],抗dsDNA抗体阳性组[(10.9±2.2)ng/ml]高于抗dsDNA抗体阴性组[(8.1±1.4)ng/ml],高IgG组[(10.8±2.4)ng/ml]高于非高IgG组[(8.3±1.3)ng/ml],低C3组[(10.2±2.5)ng/ml]高于非低C3组[(8.3±1.3)ng/ml],低C4组[(10.1±2.3)ng/ml]高于非低C4组[(7.6±0.7)ng/ml],低血小板计数组[(10.7±2.7)ng/ml]高于非低血小板计数组[(8.8±1.7)ng/ml]。③SLE患者血清BLyS水平与SLE疾病活动指数(SLEDAI)(r=0.56,t=15.89,P<0.01)、IgG(r=0.33,t=4.20,P<0.05)呈正相关;与C4(r=-0.47,t=10.04,P<0.01)、血小板计数(r=-0.53,t=13.85,P<0.01)呈负相关。结论BLyS可能参与SLE的发病。     

辛伐他汀对老年冠状动脉支架植入术的不稳定性心绞痛患者血清瘦素水平的影响

目的探讨瘦素在老年PTCA的UAP患者中的作用及辛伐他汀对其影响。方法采用酶联免疫法测定老年UAP患者及PTCA后6、24、48 h及辛伐他汀治疗15 d后血清瘦素水平。结果老年UAP患者血清瘦素水平明显高于对照组〔(19.21±8.33),(9.39±4.02);P<0.05〕,PTCA后6、24、48 h血清瘦素水平明显高于非PTCA组〔(33.45±10.93),(23.52±11.18);(31.86±13.12),(24.85±10.89);(25.37±10.09),(19.88±11.12);P<0.05)〕。辛伐他汀治疗后15 d老年UAP患者血清瘦素水平明显低于治疗前〔(13.07±9.72),(19.21±8.33);P<0.05)〕。结论瘦素参与了老年UAP病理过程,PTCA后给予相应治疗以降低瘦素水平是必要的,辛伐他汀可逆转老年UAP血清瘦素的变化。     

幽门螺杆菌感染患者血清可溶性黏附分子1(sICAM-1)检测研究

目的研究慢性胃病患者幽门螺杆菌(Helicobacter pylori,Hp)感染与血清可溶性黏附分子1(Soluble Intercellular Adhesion molecule-1,sICAM-1)水平关系。方法对205例慢性胃病患者进行了血清sICAM-1水平检测,并同时进行RUT、组织MB染色、Hp抗体和~(14)C-UBT四项方法检测Hp感染。结果胃粘膜Hp阳性组患者血清sICAM-1为889.43±22.52ng/m1,明显高于Hp阴性组患者747.07±30.45ng/ml(P<0.05);胃粘膜Hp感染菌量+、++、+++三组患者sICM-1水平分别为841.68±72.36ng/ml、905.43±37.59ng/ml和1012.54±49.34ng/ml,三组间差异显著(P<0.05);慢性胃炎、消化性溃疡患者血清sICAM-1水平明显高于正常对照组(P<0.05).结论胃粘膜Hp感染患者血清sICAM-1水平明显升高,血清sICAM-1水平可作为判断Hp感染新的感染免疫活动指标。     

睡眠呼吸暂停综合征患者sICAM-1水平测定及临床探讨

目的探讨睡眠呼吸暂停综合征(SAS)患者可溶性细胞间黏附分子-1(sICAM-1)水平及其临床意义。方法选取SAS患者35例及20例年龄相匹配的健康对照者,采用ELISA法检测SAS患者入睡前、睡醒后血清sICAM-1水平,并与正常对照组比较。结果SAS患者入睡前及睡醒后sICAM-1水平均较正常对照组高(睡醒后:282.1±43.0 vs 206.7±6.5 ng/m l;入睡前:280.7±44.8 vs 206.1±6.3 ng/m l,P<0.01)。中重度SAS患者sICAM-1水平较轻度SAS患者升高(睡醒后:315.6±23.7 vs 248.6±29.1 ng/m l;入睡前:317.0±22.0 vs 244.4±28.8 ng/m l,P<0.01),夜间平均血氧饱和度(SaO2)<90%患者组sICAM-1水平高于平均SaO2≥90%患者组(睡醒后:315.6±23.7 vs 248.6±29.1 ng/m l;入睡前:320.7±15.0 vs 240.8±21.4 ng/m l,P<0.01)。结论监测sICAM-1不仅可以从分子水平了解SAS的发病机制,还可为临床开展抗黏附分子治疗提供理论基础;同时可作为评价SAS严重程度和治疗效果的简便、可靠的指标。     

肥胖人群中血清瘦素、游离脂肪酸和脂联素水平的相互关系

目的 测定肥胖人群中血清瘦素、游离脂肪酸(FFA)和脂联素的血清水平及分析其相互之间的关系。方法 20名正常非肥胖对照和63名体重指数>25kg/m~2的超重肥胖个体进入研究,后者按其血糖水平又分为单纯性肥胖组(38例)和2型糖尿病组(25例)。所有研究对象均分别完成口服葡萄糖耐量试验和减少样本数的静脉葡萄糖耐量试验(FSIVGTT)。使用SPSS10.0统计软件包统计分析血清胰岛素、瘦素、游离脂肪酸和脂联素在各组人群间的水平差异以及与肥胖度和胰岛素敏感指数等指标的关系。结果 肥胖患者的血清瘦素和FFA水平均显著高于正常对照,唯血清脂联素水平显著低于正常对照[瘦素:单纯肥胖(15.55±1.87)μg/L,糖尿病肥胖(13.41±5.07)μg/Lvs正常对照(2.83±0.70)μg/L,均P<0.001;FFA:单纯肥胖(670.5±239.8)μmol/L,糖尿病肥胖(780.8±381.7)μmol/Lvs正常对照(393.2±152.1)μmol/L,P<0.001和P<0.01;脂联素:单纯肥胖(9.11±2.16)μg/L,糖尿病肥胖(4.25±1.59)μg/Lvs正常对照(12.14±3.57)μg/L,P<0.01和P<0.001]。在以胰岛素敏感指数为应变量的多元回归方程中,脂联素、空腹胰岛素、FFA和腰臀比(WHR)进入方程(r~=0.28,P<0.001)。结论 肥胖人群的血清瘦素、FFA水平显著高于正常人群,血清脂联素水平则与之相反;肥胖度是影响     

脑卒中患者血清神经元特异性烯醇化酶变化及意义

用免疫学方法测定脑梗死和脑出血患者的血清神经元特异性烯醇化酶(N SE)水平,并与正常健康者进行对照。结果显示,脑梗死患者血清N SE(30.54±12.66)ng/m l,脑出血患者(31.30±13.78)ng/m l,均显著高于对照组的(13.89±6.76)ng/m l(P<0.05);脑梗死和脑出血患者发病后不同时期血清N SE有明显变化,N SE水平与脑损伤程度呈正相关,与病情转归及患者预后有明显关系。提示血清N SE水平是急性脑血管病所致脑损害较敏感的生化指标,可较早反映脑损伤程度,并与病情的严重程度及预后关系密切,有助于其早期诊断、指导临床和评价疗效。     

非瓣膜病性房颤患者血清VCAM-1水平及电复律的影响

目的研究非瓣膜病性房颤患者的血清血管细胞黏附分子-1(vascu lar cell adhesion molecu le-1,VCAM-1)水平及电复律对其影响。方法选择2005年1月至2005年5月于我院心内科住院的非瓣膜病性房颤患者30人及19例年龄、性别相匹配的健康人,应用酶联免疫法测定血清VCAM-1水平,房颤组内电复律成功的20人在1个月后复查血清VCAM-1水平。结果房颤组患者血清VCAM-1水平明显高于对照组〔(727.8±71.7)vs(169.7±82.0)ng/m l,P<0.01〕,电复律后1个月仍为窦性心律者其血清VCAM-1降至正常水平(698.1±72.7 vs 195.6±65.1 ng/m l,P<0.01)。结论非瓣膜病性房颤患者存在内皮功能紊乱,恢复窦性心律1个月内内皮功能恢复;VCAM-1对房颤的发生发展起一定作用。     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.