LC-MS/MS测定阿齐沙坦及其盐在大鼠血浆中的药动学研究

目的 建立液相色谱-串联质谱法测定大鼠血浆中阿齐沙坦及其盐的浓度并研究其药动学。方法 大鼠血浆样本以乙腈沉淀蛋白后,采用Eclipse Plus C₁₈色谱柱（50 mm×3.0 mm,1.8 μm）;流动相（乙腈：水=60：40）,流速为0.35 mL·min^-1,柱温为40℃;采用Agilent 6430三重四极杆串联质谱仪,离子化方式：电喷雾-正离子（API-ES）;监测方式：MRM;阿齐沙坦监测离子对457.3/233.1,缬沙坦监测离子对436.2/291.4,用作内标。SD大鼠灌胃给予阿齐沙坦1.0 mg·kg^-1及阿齐沙坦盐1.2 mg·kg^-1。结果 阿齐沙坦在5~30 000 ng·mL^-1内线性关系良好;回收率为85%~115%,精密度RSD在±15%内。阿齐沙坦盐大鼠体内主要动力学参数如下：AUC_{（0-24 h）}为（12.9±3.2）μg·mL^-1·h^-1,AUC_（0-∞）为（14.2±4.1）μg·mL^-1·h^-1,C_max为（3.8±0.3）μg·mL^-1,T_1/2为（13.4±0.5）h。阿齐沙坦的主要动力学参数如下：AUC_{（0-24 h）}为（8.1±2.6）μg·mL^-1·h^-1,AUC_（0-∞）为（9.7±3.1）μg·mL^-1·h^-1,C_max为（2.3±0.5）μg·mL^-1,T_1/2为（10.5±0.5）h。结论 本法经方法学验证,适用于大鼠血浆中阿齐沙坦及其盐的浓度测定,可用于阿齐沙坦及其盐大鼠体内药动学研究。     

冰片修饰的姜黄素阳离子脂质体的制备及其脑靶向作用研究

目的 制备冰片修饰的姜黄素阳离子脂质体（curcumin-loaded modifying borneol cationic liposomes，Cur-BCLPs），鼻腔给药后考察其在大鼠体内的药动学行为并对其脑组织分布进行研究。方法 采用乙醇注入法制备Cur-BCLPs；透射电镜观察阳离子脂质体的形态；激光粒度仪考察粒径；超速离心法测定其包封率及载药量；以姜黄素混悬液（curcumin suspension，Cur-Sol）和冰片-姜黄素混悬液（borneol curcumin suspension，BO-Cur-Sol）为对照组，考察大鼠鼻腔给药Cur-BCLPs的体内药动学过程，并测定其在大鼠脑组织的浓度，运用DAS 2.0软件拟合药动学参数。结果 阳离子脂质体外观呈圆形或类圆形，平均粒径为（105.99±2.40）nm，包封率和载药量分别为（81.95±1.03）%和（4.28±0.46）%；体内药动学结果显示，Cur-Sol、BO-Cur-Sol和Cur-BCLPs的半衰期（T_1/2）分别为（4.27±1.53）h，（3.98±0.24）h和（6.01±0.63）h，AUC_0→t分别为（224.38±21.95）μg·h·L^-1，（243.40±12.26）μg·h·L^-1和（562.28±24.30）μg·h·L^-1，清除率分别为（1.82±0.36）L·h^-1·kg^-1，（1.72±0.11）L·h^-1·kg^-1和（0.78±0.03）L·h^-1·kg^-1，滞留时间分别为（4.28±0.23）h，（4.41±0.15）h和（8.09±0.17）h。脑组织分布结果显示，Cur-Sol、BO-Cur-Sol和Cur-BCLPs的AUC_0→t分别为（29.82±1.10）μg·h·g^-1，（35.47±1.75）μg·h·g^-1和（54.06±3.90）μg·h·g^-1，清除率分别为（15.73±0.84）L·h^-1·kg^-1，（13.23±0.52）L·h^-1·kg^-1和（8.52±0.92）L·h^-1·kg^-1。结论 Cur-BCLPs经鼻腔给药后显著提高姜黄素体内和脑组织蓄积量并且延缓消除。     

丙戊酸钠和丙戊酸镁在大鼠体内的药动学研究

目的 研究丙戊酸钠和丙戊酸镁在大鼠体内的药动学特征,评价其优势丙戊酸盐,为临床合理用药提供参考。方法 SD大鼠随机分为2组,分别灌胃给予丙戊酸钠片和丙戊酸镁片。于不同时间点眼眶取血。采用HPLC测定血清中丙戊酸的血药浓度,计算2种丙戊酸盐在大鼠体内的药动学参数,并比较2种丙戊酸盐之间的差异。结果 HPLC测定丙戊酸血药浓度方法专属性好,血清丙戊酸浓度在10.00~110.00 μg·mL^-1内线性关系良好。精密度、稳定性和回收率均符合要求。丙戊酸钠和丙戊酸镁在大鼠体内的主要药动学参数：T_1/2分别为（14.02±3.86） h和（12.11±1.95） h;T_max分别为（3.67±0.58） h和（2.67±0.26） h;C_max分别为（67.10±10.87）μg·mL^-1和（75.67±12.94）μg·mL^-1;AUC_（0-t）分别为（969.86±72.08）μg·mL^-1·h和（1 093.56±48.69）μg·mL^-1·h;AUC_（0-∞）分别为（1 178.10±185.29）μg·mL^-1·h和（1 279.35±109.18）μg·mL^-1·h;MRT_0-t分别为（10.73±2.05） h和（13.06±3.24） h。V_d分别为（16.31±2.18） L和（23.47±2.19） L;CL分别为（0.056 3±0.009） L·h^-1和（0.051 1±0.004） L·h^-1。结论 与丙戊酸钠相比,丙戊酸镁在大鼠体内的药动学参数具有一定的优势,可能是一种更具有治疗优势的丙戊酸盐。     

青蒿琥酯自微乳在大鼠体内的药动学研究

目的 建立大鼠血浆中青蒿琥酯的HPLC-MS/MS测定方法,并研究青蒿琥酯自微乳在大鼠体内的药动学特征。方法 12只SD大鼠随机分为2组,单剂量分别灌胃（50 mg·kg^-1）青蒿琥酯自微乳和青蒿琥酯原料药,以格列吡嗪为内标,用LC-MS/MS测定给药后血浆中的药物浓度,并计算药动学参数。结果 青蒿琥酯血浆样品的线性范围为1.0~1 000.0 ng·mL^-1,回归方程为A=294.74C-439.33（r=0.999 6）,定量下限为1.0 ng·mL^-1。日内、日间变异系数（RSD）均<10%,符合生物样品的分析要求。青蒿琥酯原料药和青蒿琥酯自微乳的药动学参数C_max、t_1/2和AUC_0→t分别为：（87.6±8.80）ng·mL^-1,（1.88±0.33）h和（43.3±1.74）h·ng·mL^-1;（421±41.6）ng·mL^-1,（1.48±0.17）h和（282±17.7）h·ng·mL^-1。其中,C_max和AUC_0→t存在显著性差异（p<0.01）。结论 该方法简便灵敏,可用于血浆中青蒿琥酯的含量测定,经灌胃给药后,与原料药比较,青蒿琥酯自微乳能显著提高生物利用度。     

UPLC-MS/MS检测大鼠血浆中阿帕替尼的浓度及其药动学研究

目的 采用UPLC-MS/MS建立快速检测大鼠血浆中阿帕替尼浓度的方法,并应用于药动学研究。方法 大鼠血浆样本用乙腈沉淀蛋白,液质联用技术检测浓度,流动相为乙腈-水（含0.1%甲酸）,梯度洗脱,流速为0.3 mL·min^-1,柱温40℃,内标为氯唑沙宗;质谱条件：电喷雾离子化源（ESI）,负离子监测模式,检测离子对阿帕替尼为m/z 396.2→210.0和m/z 396.2→158.0,氯唑沙宗m/z 168.0→132.0。结果 阿帕替尼和内标氯唑沙宗的保留时间分别为1.07 min和1.40 min,线性范围为10~2 000 ng·mL^-1（r²=0.993）,检测限为1 ng·mL^-1,准确度为90.65%~111.50%,基质效应为89.14%~104.65%,平均回收率>86%,日内、日间精密度RSD均<10%。常温下放置24 h、冻融2次和-80℃冻存30 d的RSD均<10%。药动学研究结果显示,大鼠单次灌胃阿帕替尼76.5 mg·kg^-1,AUC_（0-t）为（6 114.41±645.99）ng·mL^-1·h,CL_z/F为（12.21±1.08）L·h^-1·kg^-1,V_z/F为（75.70±38）L·kg^-1,T_1/2为（4.23±1.94）h,T_max为（2±0.71）h,C_max为（1 377.7±284.54）μg·L^-1。结论 该法操作简便,重复性好,准确可靠,适用于大鼠血浆中阿帕替尼的浓度检测及其药动学研究。     

单次和多次口服氯乙酰左卡尼汀片在健康人体的药动学研究

目的 采用LC-MS/MS测定人血浆中乙酰左卡尼汀的浓度并用于氯乙酰左卡尼汀片在健康受试者体内的药动学研究。方法 健康受试者单次给药0.5,1.0,1.5 g和多次给予0.5 g后,0~24 h采集血样。通过测定单次和多次给药后血浆中乙酰左卡尼汀的绝对浓度,计算其药动学参数。米屈肼为内标,经甲醇沉淀蛋白后进行LC-MS/MS分析。ESI离子源正离子模式监测,检测离子m/z 204.3→145.2（乙酰左卡尼汀）,m/z 147.2→58.2（米屈肼）;色谱柱为EC 250/4.6 NUCLEOSIL100-5CN,流动相为甲醇-10 mmol·L^-1乙酸铵溶液（含0.1%甲酸）（85：15）。结果 乙酰左卡尼汀在20~3 000 μg·L^-1内线性良好（r=0.999 1）,最低定量限为20 μg·L^-1。批内、批间精密度及基质效应RSD均<15%。单次给药3个剂量组（0.5,1.0,1.5 g）的主要药动学参数为：AUC_0-t为（4 181.77±2 473.24）μg·h·L^-1、（6 099.54±1 939.41）μg·h·L^-1和（8 064.71±3 575.99）μg·h·L^-1,C_max为（611.42±270.76）μg·L^-1,（830.92±233.19）μg·L^-1和（1 004.67±414.95）μg·L^-1,t_1/2z为（4.50±2.93）h、（6.25±3.65）h和（5.76±3.94）h;多次给药后主要的药动学参数：AUC_0-t为（13 728.82±6 493.04）μg·h·L^-1,C_max为（1 129.00±374.05）μg·L^-1,t_1/2z为（8.57±4.42）h。结论 本方法准确、灵敏、专属性强,适用于人体内乙酰左卡尼汀药动学研究。单次和多次给予氯乙酰左卡尼汀片后药动学参数有明显差异,性别间无差异,健康受试者对药物的耐受性良好。     

盐酸阿霉素聚乳酸纳米粒的制备及大鼠体内药动学研究

目的 优化盐酸阿霉素聚乳酸纳米粒（DOX-PLA-NPs）的制备工艺,并对其理化性质、体外释放及大鼠体内药动学进行研究。方法 采用改良的复乳-溶剂挥发法制备DOX-PLA-NPs,正交设计优化其处方工艺,对其纳米粒形态、粒径、Zeta电位、包封率与载药量进行测定。以DOX原药为对照组,考察DOX-PLA-NPs的体外释药特性及大鼠尾静脉给药后的体内药动学参数。结果 DOX-PLA-NPs外观圆整,平均粒径为（125.67±3.80） nm、Zeta电位为（-35.97±1.58） mV、包封率和载药量分别为（81.23±1.46）%,（10.29±0.63）%。体外释放结果显示,DOX经纳米粒包裹后,具明显的缓释作用。DOX原药和纳米粒的体内药动学过程均符合开放式二室模型,t_1/2β分别为（1.15±0.175） h、（6.43±2.12） h,CL分别为（174.76±47.22） h·L^-1、（30.68±11.86） h·L^-1,AUC_0→t分别为（6.01±1.61）μg·h·L^-1、（36.04±13.72）μg·h·L^-1。结论 制备的盐酸阿霉素聚乳酸纳米粒粒径较小、包封率较高,具明显的缓释作用,并能提高药物的生物利用度。     

高灵敏度HPLC测定大鼠血浆中益母草碱浓度及其药动学研究

目的 建立一种高灵敏度HPLC测定大鼠血浆中益母草碱浓度,并研究益母草碱在大鼠体内的药动学特征。方法 大鼠口服益母草碱混悬溶液（50 mg·kg^-1）后,不同时间点尾静脉采血,以苯甲酰精氨酸乙酯为内标,血浆样品经酸化后乙酸乙酯萃取,采用HPLC进行测定。色谱条件：采用Diamonsil C₁₈（250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm）为色谱柱,以乙腈-0.02 mol·L^-1磷酸二氢钾缓冲溶液（pH 3.0）（22：78）为流动相,流速1.0 mL·min^-1,柱温35℃,检测波长277 nm。并利用PKS 1.0软件计算药动学参数。结果 益母草碱血浆浓度在0.05~1.5 μg·mL^-1内线性关系良好（r=0.999 1）。方法的定量下限（LLOQ）为0.05 μg·mL^-1（RSD=12.8%,n=5）;提取回收率为76.5%~82.5%;批内、批间准确度为96.9%~104.9%;日内、日间精密度均<10%;质控样品经反复冻融3次及-20℃放置1个月后均较稳定。大鼠口服益母草碱后,药-时曲线符合二室开放模型,主要药动学参数为t_max=0.95 h,C_max=0.51 μg·mL^-1,t_1/2=3.64 h,AUC_0-t=1.56 μg·mL^-1·h^-1,AUC_0-∞=1.78 μg·mL^-1·h^-1。结论 该方法准确度、灵敏度高,重复性好,可用于生物样品中益母草碱浓度的测定。     

伊立替康与人参的相互作用研究

目的 考察联用人参对伊立替康大鼠体内药动学的影响，研究伊立替康与人参的相互作用。方法 将SD大鼠随机分成3组：长期组、单剂量组和对照组。长期组人参提取液连续灌胃给药7 d，单剂量组人参提取液灌胃给药1次，对照组给予同体积生理盐水，3组均最后1次给药0.5 h后尾静脉注射伊立替康，于给药后不同时间点取血，采用UPLC-MS/MS测定大鼠血浆中伊立替康以及活性代谢产物7-乙基-10-羟基喜树碱的浓度，并以DAS 3.1软件计算药动学参数，用SPSS 21.0做统计分析。结果 伊立替康长期组主要药动学参数：t_1/2（0.933±0.080）h、AUC_0-t（3.337±0.341）μg.h.L^–1、MRT_0-t（0.541±0.013）h、MRT_0-∞（0.572±0.016）h；单剂量组：t_1/2（5.527±1.156）h、AUC_0-t（2.078±0.118）μg.h.L^–1、MRT_0-t（0.462±0.023）h、MRT_0-∞（1.405±0.212）h；对照组：t_1/2（0.296±0.011）h、AUC_0-t（2.161±0.146）μg.h.L^–1、MRT_0-t（0.360±0.026）h、MRT_0-∞（0.391±0.026）h。7-乙基-10-羟基喜树碱长期组主要药动学参数：t_1/2（1.240±0.094）h、AUC_0-t（7.810±0.252）μg.h.L^–1、MRT_0-t（2.141±0.031）h、MRT_0-∞（2.250±0.057）h；单剂量组：t_1/2（1.398±0.045）h、AUC_0-t（9.073±0.109）μg.h.L^–1、MRT_0-t（2.337±0.081）h、MRT_0-∞（2.408±0.089）h；对照组：t_1/2（0.928±0.050）h、AUC_0-t（8.933±0.434）μg.h.L^–1、MRT_0-t（1.869±0.061）h、MRT_0-∞（1.935±0.066）h。与对照组相比，长期组伊立替康的t_1/2、MRT_0-t、MRT_0-∞显著延长（P<0.05）；7-乙基-10-羟基喜树碱则单剂量组的t_1/2显著延长（P<0.05）。结论 人参使用1周后联用伊立替康，大鼠体内伊立替康的血浆半衰期、平均滞留时间明显提高。     

珍菊降压片在大鼠体内药动学研究

目的 建立同时测定大鼠血浆中芦丁和氢氯噻嗪的LC-MS/MS方法,并研究珍菊降压片在大鼠体内的药动学。方法 采用蛋白质沉淀法处理血浆样品,色谱柱为Pntulips BP-C₁₈柱（2.1 mm×50 mm,5μm）,流动相为乙腈-水梯度洗脱,柱温为30℃;流速为0.45 mL·min^-1。采用电喷雾离子源,选择离子反应监测模式。采用DAS 2.0软件计算药动学参数。结果 方法学验证结果表明内源性杂质不干扰待测物和内标的测定,芦丁和氢氯噻嗪的线性范围分别为5~1 000 ng·mL^-1（r²=0.997 1）和2.5~500 ng·mL^-1（r²=0.995 8）。芦丁和氢氯噻嗪药动学参数：AUC_（0-t）为（107 157.31±38 056.63）,（130 387.28±46 306.69）ng·mL^-1·min^-1;T_1/2z为（108.65±20.95）,（240.86±46.44）min;T_max为（34.25±16.34）,（120.00±0.00）min;C_max为（683.44±254.03）,（368.45±136.95）ng·mL^-1。结论 该方法准确度、精密度、回收率和基质效应均符合生物基质样品测试要求,适用于珍菊降压片在大鼠体内的药动学研究。     

Efficacy of gut lavage,hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the therapy of paraquat or diquat intoxication

Clinical and in vitro investigations were carried out to test the efficacy of gut lavage, hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the treatment of poisoning with paraquat or diquat. In a patient suffering from diquat intoxication 130 times more diquat was removed by gut lavage 30 h after ingestion than was removed by complete aspiration of the gastric contents.Determination of in vitro clearances for paraquat and diquat by hemodialysis showed that, at serum concentrations of 1–2 ppm, such as are frequently encountered in poisoning in man, toxicologically relevant quantities of herbicide cannot be removed from the body. At a concentration of 20 ppm, on the other hand, hemodialysis proved to be effective, the clearance being 70 ml/min at a blood flow rate of 100 ml/min. The efficacy of hemoperfusion with coated activated charcoal was on the whole better. Especially at concentrations around 1–2 ppm, the clearance values for hemoperfusion were some 5–7 times higher than those for hemodialysis.In a patient suffering from paraquat poisoning, both hemodialysis as well as hemoperfusion were carried out. The in vitro results could be confirmed: At serum concentrations of paraquat less than 1 ppm no clearance could be obtained by hemodialysis while by hemoperfusion with activated charcoal quite high clearance values were measured and the serum level dropped down to zero.

---

Zusammenfassung Klinische Untersuchungen und Laboratoriumsversuche wurden durchgeführt, um die Wirksamkeit von Darmspülung, Hämodialyse und Hämoperfusion bei Paraquat- und Deiquat-Vergiftungen zu prüfen.Bei einem Patienten wurde 30 Std nach Deiquat-Aufnahme durch Darmspülung 130mal mehr Deiquat entfernt als durch vollständige Aspiration des Mageninhaltes. In vitro-Versuche ergaben, daß bei Blutserumkonzentrationen von 1–2 ppm, die bei Vergiftungen oft gemessen werden, durch Hämodialyse keine toxikologisch relevanten Paraquat- oder Deiquat-Mengen entfernt werden können. Dagegen erwies sich die Hämodialyse bei 20 ppm und einer Blutumlaufgeschwindigkeit von 100 ml/min mit einer Clearance von 70 ml/min als wirksam. Die Hämoperfusion mit beschicheter Aktivkohle war in diesen Versuchen aber eindeutig überlegen, denn insbesondere bei Konzentrationen um 1–2 ppm waren die Clearance-Werte 5–7mal höher als bei der Hämodialyse.Die in vitro-Ergebnisse wurden bei einem Patienten mit einer Paraquat-Vergiftung bestätigt: Bei Konzentrationen unter 1 ppm war die Hämodialyse wirkungslos, während durch Hämoperfusion relativ hohe Clearance-Werte erreicht wurden, so daß der Serumspiegel rasch unter die Nachweisgrenze abfiel.

     

In vitro studies on sterically stabilized liposomes (SL) as enzyme carriers in organophosphorus (OP) antagonism

This study describes a new approach for organophosphorous (OP) antidotal treatment by encapsulating an OP hydrolyzing enzyme, OPA anhydrolase (OPAA), within sterically stabilized liposomes. The recombinant OPAA enzyme was derived from Alteromonas strain JD6. It has broad substrate specificity to a wide range of OP compounds: DFP and the nerve agents, soman and sarin. Liposomes encapsulating OPAA (SL)* were made by mechanical dispersion method. Hydrolysis of DFP by (SL)* was measured by following an increase of fluoride ion concentration using a fluoride ion selective electrode. OPAA entrapped in the carrier liposomes rapidly hydrolyze DFP, with the rate of DFP hydrolysis directly proportional to the amount of (SL)* added to the solution. Liposomal carriers containing no enzyme did not hydrolyze DFP. The reaction was linear and the rate of hydrolysis was first order in the substrate. This enzyme carrier system serves as a biodegradable protective environment for the recombinant OP-metabolizing enzyme, OPAA, resulting in prolongation of enzymatic concentration in the body. These studies suggest that the protection of OP intoxication can be strikingly enhanced by adding OPAA encapsulated within (SL)* to pralidoxime and atropine.     

Aquatic Insects and Trace Metals: Bioavailability,Bioaccumulation, and Toxicity

Abstract

The uptake of metals from food and water sources by insects is thought to be additive. For a given metal, the proportions taken up from water and food will depend both on the bioavailable concentration of the metal associated with each source and the mechanism and rate by which the metal enters the insect. Attempts to correlate insect trace metal concentrations with the trophic level of insects should be made with a knowledge of the feeding relationships of the individual taxa concerned. Pathways for the uptake of essential metals, such as copper and zinc, exist at the cellular level, and other nonessential metals, such as cadmium, also appear to enter via these routes. Within cells, trace metals can be bound to proteins or stored in granules. The internal distribution of metals among body tissues is very heterogeneous, and distribution patterns tend to be both metal and taxon specific. Trace metals associated with insects can be both bound on the surface of their chitinous exoskeleton and incorporated into body tissues. The quantities of trace meals accumulated by an individual reflect the net balance between the rate of metal influx from both dissolved and particulate sources and the rate of metal efflux from the organism. The toxicity of metals has been demonstrated at all levels of biological organization: cell, tissue, individual, population, and community. Much of the literature pertaining to the toxic effects of metals on aquatic insects is based on laboratory observations and, as such, it is difficult to extrapolate the data to insects in nature. The few experimental studies in nature suggest that trace metal contaminants can affect both the distribution and the abundance of aquatic insects. Insects have a largely unexploited potential as biomonitors of metal contamination in nature. A better understanding of the physico-chemical and biological mechanisms mediating trace metal bioavailability and exchange will facilitate the development of general predictive models relating trace metal concentrations in insects to those in their environment. Such models will facilitate the use of insects as contaminant biomonitors.     

Alzheimer’s disease – current trends in basic and clinical research. Highlights from the 16th ECNP

Advances in the molecular biological knowledge of neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) have led to a growing interest by the pharmaceutical industry in the development of novel compounds that selectively modulate nAChR function. The ability of (-)-nicotine, an activator of nAChRs, to enhance attentional aspects of cognition in animals and humans, to exert neuroprotective and anxiolytic-like effects, and presumably to mediate the negative correlation between smoking and Alzheimer's (and Parkinson's) Disease, has focused interest on the potential therapeutic utility of modulators of nAChR function for treatment of some of the deficits associated with these progressive, neurodegenerative conditions. Numerous compounds are known which activate nAChRs and which might serve as lead compounds toward the development of such agents. The pharmacologic diversity of neuronal nAChR subtypes suggests the possibility of developing selective compounds which would have more favourable side-effect profiles than existing agents. This broader class of agents, collectively called cholinergic channel modulators (ChCMs), is anticipated to encompass compounds which would have more favourable side-effect profiles than existing agents, which generally exhibit low selectivity. This selectivity may be achieved by preferentially activating some subtypes of nAChRs (i.e., Cholinergic Channel Activators, ChCAs) or inhibiting the function of other subtypes (Cholinergic Channel Inhibitors, ChCIs). An overview of the biology of nAChRs and the rationale for the use of ChCMs for the treatment of dementia related to neurodegenerative diseases are presented, followed by a discussion of lead compounds and compounds under consideration for clinical evaluation.     

Steroidal sapogenin contents in some domestic plants

In order to find out the values of the steroid resources for the future use. the compositions and contents of steroidal sapogenins from 13 domestic plants have been investigated. As a result,Dioscorea nipponica, D. quinqueloba andSmilax china were found to have large amount of diosgenin. And pennogenin inTrillium kamtschaticum andParis verticillata, yuccagenin inAllium fistulosum, hecogenin inAgave americana and neochlorogenin inSolanum nigum were appeared to be major steroidal sapogenins.