间充质干细胞移植后抑制肝星状细胞活化减轻肝纤维化

目的:研究间充质干细胞(mesenchymal stem cell,MSC)移植后对肝纤维化及肝星状细胞(hepatic stellate cells,HSC)活化的抑制作用?方法:Ficoll-Hypaque梯度密度离心法及细胞贴壁培养法分离纯化4周龄SD大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞(bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell,BM-MSC)?取18只SD大鼠,通过腹腔小剂量注射四氯化碳(CCl4)8周,进行肝纤维化造模,在造模4周时,取其中9只作为治疗组,每周经尾静脉移植给予该组每只大鼠6×106个MSC;另外9只作为模型对照组,经尾静脉给予不含MSCs的等量生理盐水;另取9只大鼠,作为正常对照组,仅给予尾静脉等量生理盐水注射,持续4周?自实验开始,每周用全自动生化分析仪测定血清丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)?天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)?总胆红素(TBIL)?白蛋白(ALB)水平,至结束共测定8次?实验终点时通过免疫组化对α平滑肌肌动蛋白(α-smooth muscle actin,α-SMA)?转化生长因子β1(transforming growth factor β1,TGF-β1)和Ⅰ型胶原蛋白(collagenⅠ,COLⅠ)在肝组织中的定位和表达进行研究;原位灌注和梯度密度离心法分离HSC,326 nm紫外光激发和α-SMA免疫荧光染色法鉴定HSC;qRT-PCR和Western blot检测HSC中α-SMA?TGF-β1基因和蛋白的表达水平?结果:与模型组相比,治疗组经MSC移植后,血清ALT?AST?TBIL水平,肝组织纤维化和炎症程度,肝组织α-SMA?TGF-β1和COLⅠ表达水平,HSC中α-SMA?TGF-β1基因和蛋白表达水平均明显降低?结论:肝纤维化SD大鼠经BM-MSC尾静脉移植治疗后肝功能显著改善?肝纤维化程度减轻,可能与抑制HSC活化有关?     

抗 HMGB1抗体对小鼠肝纤维化的保护作用

目的：：探讨 HMGB1在 CCL4导致的肝纤维化发生发展中的作用及作用机制。方法：昆明种雄性小鼠30只,随机分为3组：正常组、CCL4肝纤维化组、抗 HMGB1抗体组,建模8周后取肝组织及血清。用 ELISA 法检测血清中 HA、Col-Ⅰ、PⅢP 和 IL-6、TNF-α的含量;用 HE 染色和天狼猩红染色观察肝组织病理改变和胶原纤维形成情况;用 Real time RT-PCR 法检测小鼠肝组织中 TGF-β、α-SMA 和MMP-9 mRNA 的表达。结果：CCL4肝纤维化组小鼠血清 HA、Col-Ⅰ、PⅢP、IL-6、TNF-α含量和肝组织 TGF-β、α-SMA 和 MMP-9 mRNA 表达均明显高于正常组小鼠(P <0.05);而且抗 HMGB1抗体组小鼠血清 HA、Col-Ⅰ、PⅢP、IL-6、TNF-α含量和肝组织 TGF-β1、α-SMA 和 MMP-9 mRNA 表达均明显低于 CCL4肝纤维化组小鼠(P <0.05)。结论：抗 HMGB1抗体可减轻小鼠肝纤维化,减少小鼠炎症因子和纤维化因子的表达;HMGB1可能通过启动炎症反应而促进肝纤维化发生发展。     

胰岛素样生长因子结合蛋白相关蛋白1在硫代乙酰胺诱导的肝纤维化小鼠中的作用

目的：我们的前期研究发现胰岛素样生长因子结合蛋白相关蛋白1（IGFBPrP1）可以激活体外培养的肝星状细胞分泌细胞外基质（ECM）。为了明确IGFBPrP1在肝纤维化小鼠中的作用和机制,设计了本实验。 方法：采用经典的腹腔注射硫代乙酰胺（TAA）的方法制备小鼠肝纤维化模型,同时腹腔给予抗IGFBPrP1抗体。取肝组织,分别对肝组织石蜡切片做HE染色和Masson染色观察肝组织病理学变化及胶原纤维形成情况;通过免疫组织化学染色和Western blotting观察肝组织IGFBPrP1、α-平滑肌肌动蛋白（α-SMA）、ECM以及转化生长因子-β1（TGF-β1）、Smad3表达的变化。 结果：Masson染色结果显示：TAA5周组较正常对照组胶原纤维形成增多（P<0.01）,TAA5周+抗IGFBPrP1抗体组胶原纤维的形成少于TAA5周组（P<0.01）。与正常对照组相比,TAA5周组肝组织IGFBPrP1、α-SMA、TGF-β1和Smad3、Collagen I、纤维连接蛋白（FN）表达显著增强（P<0.01）,抗IGFBPrP1抗体的使用可以减轻上述改变（P<0.01）。 结论：IGFBPrP1在肝纤维化的发展过程中起重要作用;抗IGFBPrP1抗体通过抑制肝纤维化小鼠肝星状细胞的活化、减少ECM的主要成分Collagen I与FN的合成等途径发挥抗纤维化作用,其作用机制可能与TGF-β1/Smad3信号通路有关。     

复方肝毒清对铁超载肝星状细胞活化和凋亡的影响

【目的】观察复方肝毒清对铁超载肝星状细胞（HSC）活化和凋亡的影响【方法】体外培养HSC—T6细胞,分为正常对照组、模型组、中药组（给药浓度为0．08g/L）。以柠檬酸铁胺（FAC）与HSC—T6细胞共同温育,建立HSC铁超载模型。采用免疫组化法检测HSC—T6细胞α-平滑肌肌动蛋白（α-SMA）的表达,半定量聚合酶链反应（PCR）法检测细胞转化生长因子β1（TGF-β1）mRNA的表达,TUNEL法检测HSC—T6细胞的凋亡,电镜观察HSC—T6细胞超微结构。【结果】正常对照组和模型组HSC-T6细胞α-SMA大量表达,未见或仅见有较少细胞发生凋亡,而中药组HSC细胞α-SMA表达明显减少,TGF-β1 mRNA表达显著降低（P〈0．05）,且出现明显细胞凋亡。【结论】中药复方肝毒清可能通过调节细胞铁的代谢,抑制HSC活化并诱导其发生凋亡,从而在体外发挥抗肝纤维化作用。     

扶正化瘀方影响转化生长因子β1/Smad信号通路的抗肝纤维化作用机制

目的：探讨扶正化瘀方影响转化生长因子β1（transforming growth factor-β1,TGF-β1）/Smad信号转导的抗肝纤维化作用机制。方法：本研究分体内实验和体外实验两部分。在体内实验中,37只雄性Wistar大鼠分为正常组（5只）、模型组（18只）和扶正化瘀方组（14只）。模型组和扶正化瘀组大鼠采用二甲基亚硝胺（dimethylnitrosamine,DMN）腹腔注射复制大鼠肝纤维化模型。灌胃治疗4周后,采用盐酸水解法检测肝组织中羟脯氨酸（hydroxyproline,Hyp）含量,蛋白质印迹法分析肝组织中TGF-β1、TGF-β1Ⅰ型受体（TGF-β1 type Ⅰ receptor,TβR-Ⅰ）、Smad2、Smad3及磷酸化Smad2/3蛋白的表达。体外实验采用培养4d的原代大鼠肝星状细胞（hepatic stellate cell,HSC）,分为对照组、TGF-β1组、10%扶正化瘀方药物血清组及TβR-Ⅰ胞内激酶抑制剂（SB-431542）组。后3组用2.5ng/mLTGF-β1刺激24h后,对照组及TGF-β1组加10%正常大鼠血清,10%扶正化瘀方药物血清组加10%服用扶正化瘀方的大鼠血清,SB-431542组加10%正常大鼠血清及10μmol/LSB-431542。共孵育24h后,免疫荧光染色检测HSC中α平滑肌肌动蛋白（α-smooth muscle actin,α-SMA）和Smad3蛋白的表达,蛋白质印迹法分析HSC中α-SMA蛋白的表达。结果：体内实验发现,扶正化瘀方可明显降低纤维化肝组织中异常升高的Hyp含量及TGF-β1、TβR-Ⅰ、磷酸化Smad2/3蛋白的表达。体外研究发现,正常HSC中α-SMA、TβR-Ⅰ表达较低,TGF-β1刺激可显著上调其表达;扶正化瘀方药物血清共孵育后,可明显抑制TGF-β1诱导的HSC中α-SMA的表达;正常HSCSmad3主要表达在细胞质中,细胞核中表达较低,TGF-β1可显著刺激Smad3向细胞核转移,扶正化瘀方药物血清可明显抑制TGF-β1诱导的Smad3核转位。结论：扶正化瘀方可下调纤维化大鼠肝脏及HSC中的TGF-β1/Smad病理信号转导通路,这可能是扶正化瘀方抗肝纤维化的部分作用机制。     

整合素α5β1与大鼠肝纤维化发生的实验研究

[目的]肝星状细胞（HSC）活化是肝纤维化的病理基础,本研究旨在探讨整合素受体在HSC活化及肝纤维化过程中的作用。[方法]制作大鼠肝硬化模型,同时进行体外细胞株HSC—T6实验。用免疫组化法观察仅平滑肌肌动蛋白（α-SMA）、整合素α5β1及纤维连接蛋白（FN）的表达。HSC细胞株在FN包被的皿上培养,测定细胞活化、α-SMA、整合素α5β1蛋白表达。[结果]（1）模型组肝组织FN、α-SMA和α5β1蛋白表达增多。（2）FN包被明星促进HSC—T6的活化、α—SMA及α5β1的表达。[结论]FN促进整合素α5β1表达是活化HSC、促进肝纤维化的重要途径。     

五味子乙素抗肾纤维化作用及机制研究

目的探讨五味子乙素对肾纤维化的改善作用及其机制。方法以分别不同剂量的五味子乙素给缺血再灌注（I/R）模型小鼠灌胃。通过Masson染色对各组小鼠肾纤维化进行评价,免疫组织化学染色检测各组小鼠肾组织α- 平滑肌肌动蛋白（α-SMA）和Ⅰ型胶原蛋白（CollagenⅠ）的表达;Western blot 法检测各组小鼠肾组织α-SMA、CollagenⅠ、上皮性钙粘蛋白（E-cadherin）、转化生长因子β1（TGF-β1）和p-Smad3 的表达水平。结果Masson染色结果显示,五味子乙素治疗组较I/R组小鼠肾间质纤维化及小管萎缩减轻;免疫组织化学染色结果显示,治疗组较I/R组α-SMA 和CollagenⅠ蛋白表达减少;Western blot 检测结果显示,治疗组较I/R 组E-cadherin表达增高,α-SMA、CollagenⅠ、TGF-β1和p-Smad3 表达均下降,且呈现出剂量效应。结论五味子乙素具有抗肾纤维化的作用,其机制可能与抑制TGF-β/Smad 信号通路有关,提示五味子乙素有望成为抗肾纤维化的临床治疗药物。     

绞股蓝总皂苷对CCl_4诱导的大鼠肝纤维化TGF-β_1/Smad信号通路的影响

目的：观察绞股蓝总皂苷对大鼠肝纤维化转化生长因子-β1（TGF-β1）/Smad信号通路的影响。方法：将Wistar雄性大鼠设为正常组、模型组、绞股蓝总皂苷组、秋水仙碱组,除正常组外采用CCl4诱导大鼠肝纤维化模型。造模第7周开始予相应的药物干预,每日给药剂量为股蓝总皂苷200 mg/kg、秋水仙碱0.1 mg/kg,共3周。观察大鼠一般情况变化,肝组织羟脯氨酸（Hyp）含量,肝组织病理及胶原沉积;检测肝组织肝星状细胞（HSC）活化标志物α-平滑肌肌动蛋白（α-SMA）表达,肝组织TGF-β1/Smad信号通路指标TGF-β1、TGF-β1受体1（TβR-Ⅰ）、TGF-β1受体2（TβR-Ⅱ）、Smad2/p-Smad2、Smad3/p-Smad3蛋白表达。结果：模型组大鼠一般状态较差,肝组织Hyp含量较正常组显著增高,肝小叶被破坏,肝细胞脂肪变性伴炎性细胞浸润,并有大量纤维结缔组织增生;大鼠肝组织α-SMA、TGF-β1、TβR-Ⅰ、TβR-Ⅱ、Smad2、p-Smad2、p-Smad3蛋白表达均显著升高,而Smad3蛋白表达与正常组比较无差异。绞股蓝总皂苷组及秋水仙碱组大鼠肝组织Hyp含量显著降低,肝组织病理改善;绞股蓝总皂苷组大鼠肝组织α-SMA、TGF-β1、Smad2、p-Smad2、p-Smad3蛋白表达均较模型组显著下降,TβR-Ⅰ、TβR-Ⅱ及Smad3蛋白表达无显著变化;秋水仙碱组大鼠肝组织α-SMA、TGF-β1、Smad2、p-Smad3蛋白表达均较模型组显著下降,TβR-Ⅰ、TβR-Ⅱ、p-Smad2及Smad3蛋白表达无显著变化。结论：绞股蓝总皂苷对CCl4诱导的大鼠肝纤维化有显著的干预作用,其作用机制可能与抑制HSC活化、TGF-β1分泌及其信号通路中p-Smad2、p-Smad3表达有关。     

糜酶抑制剂在体外对肝星状细胞增殖及肝纤维化相关基因表达的影响

[目的]探讨糜酶抑制剂(Chy-I)在体外对肝星状细胞(HSC)增殖及肝纤维化相关基因表达的影响及作用机制.[方法]取HSC-T6细胞,分为对照组(DMEM)、模型组(TGF-β1)和Chy-I大、中、小剂量(TGF-β1+100 g/L Chy-I,TGF-β1+10 g/L Chy-I,TGF-β1+1 g/L Chy-I)组,检测Chy-I对HSC-T6细胞的增殖抑制率,采用Western blot法检测纤维化相关因子α-SMA及TGF-β1蛋白表达水平,应用实时定量PCR法检测α-SMA及I型胶原mRNA的表达情况.[结果]与模型组比较,Chy-I各剂量组HSC-T6细胞增殖明显受到抑制(P<0.05,P<0.01),且呈剂量依赖性;Western blot法检测结果显示,与模型组比较,Chy-I各剂量组HSC-T6细胞中α-SMA及TGF-β1蛋白表达明显受到抑制,亦呈剂量依赖性,Chy-I各组HSC-T6细胞内α-SMA及I型胶原mRNA表达水平明显降低.[结论] Chy-I在体外对HSC发挥抗肝纤维化作用,其机制认为可能与抑制HSC增殖水平及肝纤维化相关因子的表达有关系.     

双氢青蒿素对胆管结扎致大鼠肝纤维化的治疗作用研究

目的 探究双氢青蒿素（Dihydroartemisinin,DHA）对胆管结扎（Bile duct ligation, BDL）所致的大鼠肝纤维化的初步治疗作用。方法 采用BDL诱导大鼠肝纤维化模型,DHA（14mg/kg）及阳性药物秋水仙碱（0.1mg/kg）干预处理,末次给药24h后,取血清检测ALT、AST、Bilirubin;HE染色、马松染色和天狼猩红染色检测肝组织病理变化;Western blot检测肝组织中肝星状细胞（HSC）活化指标α-SMA与α1(Ⅰ) collagen的表达;免疫荧光检测肝组织TGFβ-RⅡ的表达。体外培养活化的HSC-T6,并用DHA干预处理,Western blot检测α-SMA、α1(Ⅰ) collagen以及TGFβ-RⅡ、p-Smad2、Smad2的表达。结果 血清学指标结果显示,与空白对照组比较,模型组SD大鼠ALT、AST、Bilirubin显著升高,DHA能降低血清中ALT、AST、Bilirubin水平;HE、马松染色、天狼猩红染色结果显示,与模型组比较,DHA能够明显改善肝脏病理组织结构以及胶原纤维的沉积;Western blot结果显示,DHA还可抑制HSC活化的标志物α-SMA、α1(Ⅰ) collagen以及TGFβ-RⅡ、p-Smad2的表达。结论 DHA对BDL诱导的肝纤维化具有显著的保护作用,这一效应主要与其抑制HSC活化以及调控TGF-βⅡ/Smad2信号通路相关。      

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.