HPLC波长切换法同时测定茵栀祛黄胶囊中7种成分的含量

摘 要 目的：建立HPLC波长切换法同时测定茵栀祛黄胶囊中栀子苷、甘草苷、芦荟大黄素、大黄酸、大黄素、大黄酚和大黄素甲醚的含量。方法: 采用Waters Sunfire C18（250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm）色谱柱;流动相：甲醇（A） 0.05%磷酸溶液（B）（梯度洗脱）,流速为1.0 ml·min^-1 ,柱温为25℃,检测波长(0~15 min：在238 nm波长下检测栀子苷和甘草苷;15~50 min：在254 nm波长下检测芦荟大黄素、大黄酸、大黄素、大黄酚和大黄素甲醚),进样量为10 μl。结果: 栀子苷、甘草苷、芦荟大黄素、大黄酸、大黄素、大黄酚和大黄素甲醚的线性范围分别为0.13～3.18 μg·ml^-1（r=0.999 8）、0.19～4.84 μg·ml^-1（r=0.999 7）、0.28～7.02 μg·ml^-1（r=0.999 9）、0.13～3.16 μg·ml^-1（r=0.999 9）、0.61～15.27 μg·ml^-1（r=0.999 9）、0.32～8.03 μg·ml^-1（r=0.999 9）、0.39～9.81 μg·ml^-1（r=0.999 9）;平均加样回收率分别为98.84%（RSD=0.74%）、99.34%（RSD=0.86%）、99.54%（RSD=0.30%）、99.56%（RSD=0.80%）、99.85%（RSD=0.41%）、99.57%（RSD=0.70%）、99.64%（RSD=0.30%）（n=9）。结论: 本文建立的HPLC含量测定方法,具有操作简便、专属性高、重复性良好、结果准确可靠的特点,可用于茵栀祛黄胶囊的质量控制。     

HPLC-CAD法同时测定硫酸卡那霉素注射液中卡那霉素和卡那霉素B的含量

摘 要 目的：建立HPLC CAD法测定硫酸卡那霉素注射液中卡那霉素和卡那霉素B含量的方法。方法: 采用Boston Green ODS C18（250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm）色谱柱,以0.2 mol·L-1三氟醋酸溶液 甲醇（95 ∶〖KG-*2〗5）作为流动相,流速:1.0 ml·min^-1,柱温:30℃,喷雾温度:55℃,喷雾压力:56.4 psi。结果:卡那霉素在0.385~38.500 μg·ml^-1之间呈现良好的线性关系（r=0.999 9）,检出限为0.075μg·ml^-1,定量限为0.154 μg·ml^-1,回收率为100.97%（n=9）。卡那霉素B在0.374~37.400 μg·ml^-1之间呈现良好的线性关系（r=1.000 0）,检出限为0.075 μg·ml^-1,定量限为0.150 μg·ml^-1,回收率为100.44%（n=9）。结论:建立的HPLC CAD测定卡那霉素和卡那霉素B含量的方法检出限低,操作简单准确,可以有效控制硫酸卡那霉素注射液的质量。     

HPLC法同时测定大败毒胶囊中绿原酸、咖啡酸和阿魏酸的含量

摘 要 目的: 建立HPLC法同时检测大败毒胶囊中绿原酸、咖啡酸和阿魏酸的测定方法。方法: 采用Agilent C₁₈（250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm）色谱柱;乙腈-0.4%磷酸溶液（15∶85）为流动相,流速：1.0 ml·min^-1;检测波长：324 nm。柱温:30℃,进样量：10 μl。结果:线性范围：绿原酸5.42～32.43 μg·ml^-1(r=0.999 8),咖啡酸2.63～26.32 μg·ml^-1(r=0.999 4),阿魏酸1.44～14.44 μg·ml^-1(r=0.999 9);平均回收率：绿原酸99.98%,RSD=0.2%(n=6),咖啡酸99.31%,RSD=0.4%(n=6),阿魏酸99.48%,RSD=0.8%(n=6)。结论:该方法操作简便、准确,重复性好,可用于测定大败毒胶囊中绿原酸、咖啡酸和阿魏酸的含量。     

GC-MS法同时测定麝香保心丸中6种活性成分的含量

摘 要 目的：建立GC-MS法同时测定麝香保心丸中龙脑、异龙脑、肉桂醛、肉桂酸、麝香酮、苯甲酸苄酯6种活性成分的含量。方法: 采用气相色谱 质谱联用(GC MS)法,色谱柱为DB 5(30 m×0.25 mm, 0.1 μm)毛细管柱;程序升温：70℃恒温2 min,以5℃·min^-1)的速率升温至150℃,维持4 min,以20℃·min^-1)的速率升温至260℃,维持3 min;检测质荷比范围：10～425。结果: 龙脑、异龙脑、麝香酮、苯甲酸苄酯、肉桂醛、肉桂酸分别在0.022～22.000 μg·ml^-1(r=0.999 6),0.024～24.000 μg·ml^-1(r=0.999 6),0.028～28.000 μg·ml^-1 (r=0.999 8),0.034～34.000 μg·ml^-1 (r=0.999 6),0.040～40.000 μg·ml^-1 (r=0.999 7),0.050～50.000 μg·ml^-1 (r=0.999 9)范围内与峰面积呈良好的线性关系。龙脑、异龙脑、肉桂醛、肉桂酸、麝香酮、苯甲酸苄酯的平均加样回收率分别为97.20%,97.40%,97.53%,99.60%,98.78%和98.27%,RSD分别为0.89%,1.18%,1.52%,1.49%,0.79%和1.74%(n=6)。结论:该方法准确、有效、重复性好,可用于麝香保心丸多成分的质量控制研究。     

HPLC法测定黄连上清片中4种成分的含量

摘 要 目的： 提高黄连上清片质量标准,建立同时测定绿原酸、栀子苷、黄芩苷、盐酸小檗碱4种成分含量的方法。方法: 采用高效液相色谱法,色谱柱为DiamonsilTM C₁₈(250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm),流动相为二元梯度系统,其中溶剂A为乙腈,溶剂B为0.3%磷酸水溶液,流速为1.0 ml·min^-1,检测波长为238 nm,柱温30℃,进样量为10 μl。结果: 绿原酸、栀子苷、黄芩苷、盐酸小檗碱的线性范围分别为8.11～81.10 μg·ml^-1(r=0.999 7)、13.08～130.80 μg·ml^-1(r=0.999 7)、10.76～107.60 μg·ml^-1(r=0.999 8)、7.92～79.20 μg·ml^-1(r=0.999 8)范围内呈良好的线性关系,平均加样回收率分别为99.19%(RSD=0.9%)、98.44%(RSD=1.1%)、99.12%(RSD=1.0%)、99.18%(RSD=1.1%)(n=9)。结论:该方法简便、准确、重复性好,可用于黄连上清片的质量控制。     

HPLC波长切换法测定氨咖黄敏胶囊4个成分的含量

摘 要 目的： 建立HPLC波长切换法同时测定氨咖黄敏胶囊中4个成分的含量。方法: 采用Agilent ZORBAX SB C₁₈色谱柱（250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm）,以乙腈（A）-甲醇（B）-磷酸二氢铵溶液（取0.1 mol·L^-1磷酸二氢铵溶液1 000 ml ,加磷酸1 ml,混匀）（C）为流动相,梯度洗脱,流速1.0 ml·min^-1,柱温 35℃,变换波长时间为（0～9 min ：225 nm;9～38 min ：450 nm）。结果: 采用HPLC波长切换法测定氨咖黄敏胶囊4个成分的含量,线性范围分别为：对乙酰氨基酚24.680～394.900 μg·ml^-1（r=0.999 9）,马来酸氯苯那敏0.201～3.214 μg·ml^-1（r=0.999 9）,咖啡因1.129～18.070 μg·ml^-1（r=0.999 9）,胆红素0.010～0.165 μg·ml^-1（r=0.999 8）;平均回收率分别为：99.25% (RSD=0.46%), 99.29% (RSD=0.32%),99.49% (RSD=0.48%)及99.75% (RSD=0.55%)（n=6）。结论:该法简单,灵敏,准确,重复性好,可用于氨咖黄敏胶囊的含量测定。     

HPLC法测定吲哚美辛呋喃唑酮栓中两组分的含量

摘 要 目的：建立同时测定吲哚美辛呋喃唑酮栓中两组分含量的HPLC法。方法: 采用XTerra RP18色谱柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm),以甲醇为流动相A,0.01 mol·K^-1磷酸二氢钾溶液 三乙胺(100〖KG*9〗∶〖KG-*2〗0.02)为流动相B,梯度洗脱,流速1.0 ml·min^-1,柱温30 ℃,检测波长263 nm,进样量10 μl。结果: 吲哚美辛呋喃唑酮栓中呋喃唑酮和吲哚美辛的分离度符合要求;线性范围分别为5.12~81.87 μg·ml^-1 (r=1.000 0)和3.78~60.45 μg·ml^-1 (r=1.000 0);平均回收率分别为99.6% (RSD=1.5%,n=6)和100.3% (RSD=1.6%,n=6);定量限分别为0.02 μg·ml^-1和0.05 μg·ml^-1。结论:该法经方法学验证,适用于吲哚美辛呋喃唑酮栓的质量评价。     

多波长HPLC法同时测定皮肤康洗液中5种有效成分的含量

摘 要 目的：建立多波长切换高效液相色谱法同时测定皮肤康洗液中芍药苷、甘草苷、甘草酸铵、大黄素和蛇床子素5种有效成分的含量。方法: 色谱柱为 Diamonsil C18柱(200 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm);流动相为乙腈 0.1%盐酸水溶液,梯度洗脱;流速为1.5 ml·min^-1;柱温为30℃;检测波长为232 nm(0～6 min,检测芍药苷)、277 nm(6～10 min,检测甘草苷)、254 nm(10 min以后,检测甘草酸铵、大黄素、蛇床子素）。结果: 芍药苷、甘草苷、甘草酸铵、大黄素和蛇床子素的线性范围分别为28.20～282.0 μg·ml^-1（r=0.999 7）、12.150～121.500 μg·ml^-1（r=0.998 8）、13.420～134.200 μg·ml^-1（r=0.999 5）、0.047～0.466 μg·ml^-1（r=0.999 9）、2.380～23.800 μg·ml^-1（r=0.999 9）,平均加样回收率分别为98.49%,99.00%,98.38%,97.36%,97.70%,RSD分别为0.71%,0.62%,0.85%,0.92%,0.78%（n=6）。结论:该方法简便、准确、灵敏度高、重复性好,可用于同时测定皮肤康洗液中上述5个有效成分的含量。     

HPLC法同时测定蒲药灌肠液中3个有效成分的含量

摘 要 目的： 建立蒲药灌肠液中香蒲新苷、异鼠李素-3-O-新橙皮苷和延胡索乙素的HPLC含量测定方法。方法: 采用ZORBAX SB-C₁₈色谱柱（250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm）,以乙腈-0.1%磷酸（三乙胺调节pH至6.0）为流动相,梯度洗脱程序,流速:1.0 ml·min^-1,检测波长为254 nm（0～14 min）和281 nm（14～25 min）,柱温:30 ℃。结果: 香蒲新苷、异鼠李素-3-O-新橙皮苷和延胡索乙素的线性范围分别为19.840～198.400 μg·ml^-1（r=0.999 6）、20.520～205.200 μg·ml^-1（r=0.999 8）和10.040～100.400 μg·ml^-1（r=0.999 7）,回收率分别为98.8%、98.6%和98.9%,RSD分别为1.4%、1.6%和1.3%（n=6）。结论: 该方法灵敏度高,专属性强,可用于蒲药灌肠液的质量控制。     

HPLC-ELSD法测定复方金刚烷胺氨基比林片中氨基比林和盐酸金刚烷胺的含量

摘 要 目的：建立一种测定复方金刚烷胺氨基比林片中氨基比林和盐酸金刚烷胺含量的HPLC ELSD法。方法: 色谱柱：Aglient Eclipse Plus C18 柱（250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm）;流动相：0.1%的三氟醋酸溶液 乙腈(85∶15);流速：0.7 ml·min^-1;柱温：室温;蒸发温度：40℃;雾化温度：40℃;载气（氮气）流速：1.8 L·min^-1,进样量：10 μl。结果: 氨基比林和盐酸金刚烷胺分别在606.72～3 033.60 μg·ml^-1、400.96～2 004.80 μg·ml^-1范围内峰面积与进样量的对数呈现良好的线性关系（r分别为0.999 7、0.999 4）;平均回收率分别为99.5%、99.3%,RSD分别为0.35%、0.40%（n=9）。结论:该方法简便、快速、准确、重复性好,适用于复方金刚烷胺氨基比林片中氨基比林和盐酸金刚烷胺的含量测定。     

Safety assessment of poloxamers 101, 105, 108, 122, 123, 124, 181, 182, 183, 184, 185, 188, 212, 215, 217, 231, 234, 235, 237, 238, 282, 284, 288, 331, 333, 334, 335, 338, 401, 402, 403, and 407, poloxamer 105 benzoate, and poloxamer 182 dibenzoate as used in cosmetics

Poloxamers are polyoxyethlyene, polyoxypropylene block polymers. The impurities of commercial grade Poloxamer 188, as an example, include low-molecular-weight substances (aldehydes and both formic and acetic acids), as well as 1,4-dioxane and residual ethylene oxide and propylene oxide. Most Poloxamers function in cosmetics as surfactants, emulsifying agents, cleansing agents, and/or solubilizing agents, and are used in 141 cosmetic products at concentrations from 0.005% to 20%. Poloxamers injected intravenously in animals are rapidly excreted in the urine, with some accumulation in lung, liver, brain, and kidney tissue. In humans, the plasma concentration of Poloxamer 188 (given intravenously) reached a maximum at 1 h, then reached a steady state. Poloxamers generally were ineffective in wound healing, but were effective in reducing postsurgical adhesions in several test systems. Poloxamers can cause hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia in animals, but overall, they are relatively nontoxic to animals, with LD(50) values reported from 5 to 34.6 g/kg. Short-term intravenous doses up to 4 g/kg of Poloxamer 108 produced no change in body weights, but did result in diffuse hepatocellular vacuolization, renal tubular dilation in kidneys, and dose-dependent vacuolization of epithelial cells in the proximal convoluted tubules. A short-term inhalation toxicity study of Poloxamer 101 at 97 mg/m(3) identified slight alveolitis after 2 weeks of exposure, which subsided in the 2-week postexposure observation period. A short-term dermal toxicity study of Poloxamer 184 in rabbits at doses up to 1000 mg/kg produced slight erythema and slight intradermal inflammatory response on histological examination, but no dose-dependent body weight, hematology, blood chemistry, or organ weight changes. A 6-month feeding study in rats and dogs of Poloxamer 188 at exposures up to 5% in the diet produced no adverse effects. Likewise, Poloxamer 331 (tested up to 0.5 g/kg day(-1)), Poloxamer 235 (tested up to 1.0 g/kg day(-1)), and Poloxamer 338 (at 0.2 or 1.0 g/kg day(-1)) produced no adverse effects in dogs. Poloxamer 338 (at 5.0 g/kg day(-1)) produced slight transient diarrhea in dogs. Poloxamer 188 at levels up to 7.5% in diet given to rats in a 2-year feeding study produced diarrhea at 5% and 7.5% levels, a small decrease in growth at the 7.5% level, but no change in survival. Doses up to 0.5 mg/kg day(-1) for 2 years using rats produced yellow discoloration of the serum, high serum alkaline phosphatase activity, and elevated serum glutamicpyruvic transaminase and glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase activities. Poloxamers are minimal ocular irritants, but are not dermal irritants or sensitizers in animals. Data on reproductive and developmental toxicity of Poloxamers were not found. An Ames test did not identify any mutagenic activity of Poloxamer 407, with or without metabolic activation. Several studies have suggested anticarcinogenic effects of Poloxamers. Poloxamers appear to increase the sensitivity to anticancer drugs of multidrug-resistant cancer cells. In clinical testing, Poloxamer 188 increased the hydration of feces when used in combination with a bulk laxative treatment. Compared to controls, one study of angioplasty patients receiving Poloxamer 188 found a reduced myocardial infarct size and a reduced incidence of reinfarction, with no evidence of toxicity, but two other studies found no effect. Poloxamer 188 given to patients suffering from sickle cell disease had decreased pain and decreased hospitilization, compared to controls. Clinical tests of dermal irritation and sensitization were uniformly negative. The Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR) Expert Panel stressed that the cosmetic industry should continue to use the necessary purification procedures to keep the levels below established limits for ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, and 1,4-dioxane. The Panel did note the absence of reproductive and developmental toxicity data, but, based on molecular weight and solubility, there should be little skin penetration and any penetration of the skin should be slow. Also, the available data demonstrate that Poloxamers that are introduced into the body via routes other than dermal exposure have a rapid clearance from the body, suggesting that there would be no risk of reproductive and/or developmental toxicity. Overall, the available data do not suggest any concern about carcinogenesis. Although there are gaps in knowledge about product use, the overall information available on the types of products in which these ingredients are used, and at what concentration, indicates a pattern of use. Based on these safety test data and the information that the manufacturing process can be controlled to limit unwanted impurities, the Panel concluded that these Poloxamers are safe as used.     

HPLC法测定抗妇炎胶囊中木兰花碱、黄柏碱、药根碱、巴马汀、小檗碱、槐果碱、苦参碱、氧化槐果碱、槐定碱和氧化苦参碱

目的 采用高效液相色谱（HPLC）法同时测定抗妇炎胶囊中木兰花碱、黄柏碱、药根碱、巴马汀、小檗碱、槐果碱、苦参碱、氧化槐果碱、槐定碱和氧化苦参碱10种活性成分。方法 采用InerSustain AQ-C₁₈色谱柱（250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm）,流动相A：乙腈–无水乙醇（80∶20）,流动相B：0.1%磷酸溶液,梯度洗脱,检测波长220 nm,体积流量1.0 mL/min,柱温30℃,进样量10 μL。结果 木兰花碱、黄柏碱、药根碱、巴马汀、小檗碱、槐果碱、苦参碱、氧化槐果碱、槐定碱和氧化苦参碱分别在2.69～134.50、1.95～97.50、0.63～31.50、0.86～43.00、11.95～597.50、0.59～29.50、6.08～304.00、4.85～242.50、1.66～83.00、19.79～989.50 μg/mL线性关系良好（r≥0.999 3）;平均回收率分别为99.11%、98.23%、96.95%、97.78%、100.02%、97.21%、99.66%、99.52%、98.81%、100.08%,RSD值分别为1.04%、1.23%、1.37%、1.65%、0.70%、1.28%、0.65%、0.81%、1.11%、0.63%。结论 建立的HPLC法可用于抗妇炎胶囊中10种活性成分的测定,作为抗妇炎胶囊质量控制方法。     

Arformoterol: (R,R)-eformoterol, (R,R)-formoterol, arformoterol tartrate, eformoterol-sepracor, formoterol-sepracor, R,R-eformoterol, R,R-formoterol

Sepracor in the US is developing arformoterol [R,R-formoterol], a single isomer form of the beta(2)-adrenoceptor agonist formoterol [eformoterol]. This isomer contains two chiral centres and is being developed as an inhaled preparation for the treatment of respiratory disorders. Sepracor believes that arformoterol has the potential to be a once-daily therapy with a rapid onset of action and a duration of effect exceeding 12 hours. In 1995, Sepracor acquired New England Pharmaceuticals, a manufacturer of metered-dose and dry powder inhalers, for the purpose of preparing formulations of levosalbutamol and arformoterol. Phase II dose-ranging clinical studies of arformoterol as a longer-acting, complementary bronchodilator were completed successfully in the fourth quarter of 2000. Phase III trials of arformoterol began in September 2001. The indications for the drug appeared to be asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, an update of the pharmaceutical product information on the Sepracor website in September 2003 listed COPD maintenance therapy as the only indication for arformoterol. In October 2002, Sepracor stated that two pivotal phase III studies were ongoing in 1600 patients. Sepracor estimates that its NDA submission for arformoterol, which is projected for the first half of 2004, will include approximately 3000 adult subjects. Sepracor stated in July 2003 that it had completed more than 100 preclinical studies and initiated or completed 15 clinical studies for arformoterol inhalation solution for the treatment of bronchospasm in patients with COPD. In addition, Sepracor stated that the two pivotal phase III studies in 1600 patients were still progressing. In 1995, European patents were granted to Sepracor for the use of arformoterol in the treatment of asthma, and the US patent application was pending.     

欧洲刺柏（Juniper）

活性成分与药理作用欧洲刺柏药用部位是其浆果，具有促水排泄、防腐、抗胃肠胀气和抗风湿作用，还可改善胃功能。用作促水排泄药可增加尿量（水丢失），但不增加钠排泄。成分萜品烯-4-醇可增加肾小球滤过率，但刺激肾。欧洲刺柏浆果对单纯疱疹病毒体外显示抗病毒活性，并具抗真菌活性。动物实验显示，欧洲刺柏浆果提取物具有堕胎、抗生育、抗炎、抗胚胎植入、降血压、升血压和降血糖作用。欧洲刺柏浆果油具有兴奋子宫的活性，以及利尿、胃肠道抗菌和刺激作用，该油对平滑肌有阻止解痉作用。     

Oral Presentations (LDD, LPES, LNM, LPAT, LNT, LPPT, LPM)

Probiotic microorganisms have been shown to provide specific health benefits when consumed as food supplements or as food components. The main problem of such products is the poor survival of the probiotic bacteria in the low pH of gastric fluid. However the use of synthetic excipients for enteric coating to prevent the exposure of microorganisms to gastric fluid is limited in food supplementary industry. Therefore the aim of this study was to develop an enteric coating formulation containing shellac as a natural polymer. Shellac possesses good resistance to gastric juice; the major disadvantage of this polymer is its low solubility in the intestinal fluid [1, 2]. Thus films containing different ratios of shellac and water-soluble polymers (sodium alginate, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) and polyvinylpyrrolidon (PVP)) or plasticizers (glycerol and glyceryl triacetate (GTA)) were prepared in order to analyse the films’ melting temperatures (T_m), the changes in enthalpy (ΔH), their capability of taking up water, and their solubility in different media. The release characteristics of the films were studied by loading pellets with Enterococcus faecium M74 and coating them with formulations containing different amounts of shellac and polymer or plasticized shellac. Using dissolution tests, performed according to USP XXXI paddle method, the resistance of the coatings to simulated gastric fluid (SGF, pH 1.2) and the release of cells in simulated intestinal fluid (SIF, pH 6.8) was investigated.The trials showed that an increasing amount of plasticizer results in a decrease of T_m and ΔH of the films whereat glycerol had a superior plasticization effect to GTA. The compatibility of films made of water-soluble polymers and shellac was also concentration dependent. HPMC and PVP showed superior compatibility with shellac compared to sodium alginate, since films containing shellac and more than 10% [w/w] sodium alginate tended to separate into two phases. In the end five formulations containing shellac and either 5% [w/w] glycerol, 10% [w/w] PVP, 20% [w/w] PVP, 10% [w/w] HPMC, or 5% [w/w] sodium alginate emerged as feasible for enteric coating purposes.