青少年特发性脊柱侧凸中骨量丢失研究进展

正青少年特发性脊柱侧凸(adolescent idiopathic scoliosis,AIS)是指在不存在其他明显病因情况下,青春期儿童出现的三维脊柱畸形~[1-2]。AIS发病年龄在10～18岁,性成熟和生长发育完全停止后自然缓解,其总体发病率为0.47%～5.20%。我国青少年人群中,AIS占脊柱侧凸患者总数的80%以上,是最常见的脊柱畸形之一~[3]。但AIS的具体病因和发病机制至今尚不明确。     

青少年特发性脊柱侧凸仿真模型的建立

青少年特发性脊柱侧凸(AIS)占特发性脊柱侧凸病例的80%,约占青少年人口的2%～3%[1、2].     

青少年特发性脊柱侧凸支具治疗的研究进展

<正>青少年特发性脊柱侧凸(adolescent idiopathic scoliosis,AIS)是发生于青春发育期前后的脊柱结构性畸形,是一种最常见的脊柱侧凸畸形,在全部脊柱侧凸患者中占74.7%[1]。由于脊柱侧凸、扭曲,胸廓变形,直接影响患者的     

青少年特发性脊柱侧凸患者骨密度的研究进展

青少年特发性脊柱侧凸(adolescent idiopathic scol-iosis,AIS)是发生于青春发育期前后的脊柱结构性侧凸畸形,是一种最常见的脊柱侧凸畸形,     

眼部疾病与青少年脊柱侧凸的病因学的相关性研究进展

我国青少年脊柱侧凸发病率约为3%~5%,其中80%~85%为病因不明的特发性脊柱侧凸（adolescent idiopathic scoliosis,AIS）,即青春期或骨骼成熟前发生的结构性脊柱侧凸畸形,在冠状面上测得的Cobb角>10°,并且伴有脊柱旋转,而无其他器质性疾病。脊柱侧凸不仅阻碍了青少年脊柱的生长发育,...     

脊柱侧凸手术中椎弓根螺钉置钉技术的研究进展

<正>脊柱侧凸是以脊柱侧向弯曲和旋转畸形为主要表现的疾病,它影响着约0.5%～5%的青少年,其中80%为特发性脊柱侧凸畸形(adolescent idiopathic scoliosis,AIS)~([1])。严重的脊柱侧凸可随着年龄增长而进展,造成明显的腰背痛、姿态异常或躯干失衡,还可导致心、肺等器官受压而功能受损,甚至影响患者的自然寿命~([2]),往往需要手术治疗。     

青少年特发性脊柱侧凸致病基因的研究进展

<正>青少年特发性脊柱侧凸(adolescent idiopathic scol-iosis,AIS)是一种原因不明的脊柱侧凸,在脊柱侧凸中最为常见,约占全部脊柱侧凸的75%~80%[1]。研究表明,遗传     

生长发育异常和青少年特发性脊柱侧凸

青少年特发性脊柱侧弯(AdolescentIdiopathicScoliosis ,以下简称AIS)是以脊柱在冠状面上的侧凸、矢状面上的胸椎后凸减少甚至前凸和脊椎在水平面上的旋转为特征的三维畸形,它是最常见的青少年脊柱畸形之一。如果将诊断标准定为Cobb角大于10°,其发病率是3%左右[1] ,邱勇等[1] 发现AIS占整个脊柱侧凸病因学诊断的80 %。目前AIS的发病机理以及进展机制还不明确,有各种不同的假设。由于AIS的发生发展和脊柱生长有着密切的联系,本文拟就AIS患者生长发育的相关研究进行综述。1AIS的生长发育AIS的出现及加重均在青春期生长发育的高峰期…     

青少年特发性脊柱侧凸患者椎旁肌改变的研究进展

青少年特发性脊柱侧凸(adolescent idiopathic scol-iosis,AIS)是一种常见的脊柱畸形,在人群中发病率约为0.5%～1%,女性多于男性,在我国女性青少年中的发病率大约为3%～4%,其发病机理目前仍然不明确.与AIS病因学相关的假说包括基因遗传、神经系统平衡功能异常、神经内分泌异常以及躯干生长不平衡等.     

青少年特发性脊柱侧凸手术治疗进展

特发性脊柱侧凸（idiopathic scoliosis,IS）是一种原因不明的最常见的脊柱畸形。根据其发病年龄又分婴儿型（0～3岁）、少儿型（4～10岁）及青少年型（10岁后）。其中青少年型最常见,约占青少年人口的2%～3%,占整个脊柱侧凸发病率的80%,严重危害着青少年的健康。青少年特发性脊柱侧凸（adolecent idiopathic scoliosis,AIS）发病机理及发展过程非常复杂,表现形式多种多样。轻度的畸形可以通过支具等保守方法治疗,而对于畸形较重、畸形发展较快或支具治疗不能控制的患者,必须针对脊柱畸形的特点采用相应的手术治疗。     

Onyalai in pregnancy--effects on the mother and the newborn

Eight pregnant Kavango women with documented active onyalai during pregnancy or a history of previous attacks of onyalai gave birth to 8 healthy infants who had no clinical signs of a tendency to haemorrhage and had normal platelet counts. Postpartum haemorrhage occurred in 2 patients. A splenectomy was successfully performed on the 7th day after delivery in 1 patient to control postpartum haemorrhage, and 3 months after confinement in another patient to control haemorrhage from another clinical attack of onyalai. Corticosteroids are not indicated in the management of onyalai. Infants of mothers with onyalai, unlike infants of mothers with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, do not appear to be at risk of thrombocytopenia and haemorrhage.     

Changes in the mechanical and electrical environment and the effect on bone

The mechanical and electrical environment has been shown to influence the growth and development of bone. The research provided in this review of the literature, is that presented to the Department of Orthopedic Surgery at Stony Brook University Hospital, Long Island, New York. Bone development is influenced by the normal growth process, level of exercise intensity, and surgical procedures. An altered structure leads to an altered function. Clinical application of direct electrical stimulation has been shown to induce osteogenesis in nonunion fractures.     

Quality of cardiopulmonary resuscitation on manikins: on the floor and in the bed

Background: In general, in-hospital resuscitation is performed in a bed and out-of-hospital resuscitation on the floor. The surface under the patient may affect the cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) quality; therefore, we evaluated CPR quality (the percentage of chest compressions of correct depth) and rescuer's fatigue (the mean compression depth minute by minute) when CPR is performed on a manikin on the floor or in the bed.
Methods: Forty-four simulated cardiac arrest scenarios of 10 min were treated by intensive care unit (ICU) nurses in pairs using a 30 : 2 chest compression-to-ventilation ratio. The rescuer who performed the compressions was changed every 2 min. CPR was randomly performed either on the floor or in the bed without a backboard; in both settings, participants kneeled beside the manikin.
Results: A total number of 1060 chest compressions, 44% with correct depth, were performed on the floor; 1068 chest compressions were performed in the bed, and 58% of these were the correct depth. These differences were not significant between groups. The mean compression depth during the scenario was 44.9±6.2 mm (mean±SD) on the floor and 43.0±5.9 mm in the bed ( P =0.3). The mean chest compression depth decreased over time on both surfaces ( P <0.001), indicating rescuer fatigue, but this change was not different between the groups ( P =0.305).
Conclusions: ICU nurses perform chest compression as effectively on the floor as in the bed. The mean chest compression depth decreases over time, but the surface had no significant effect.     

Influence of Frontal and Dorsal Loads on Muscle Activity and on the Weight Distribution in the Feet

Unilateral arthritis of the knee was induced in mongrel puppies by intra-articular injections of 1% Carragheenan. Bone metabolism was studied by a scintimetric technique on static ^99mTc-diphosphonate bone scans every 2nd week during the induction of arthritis for 3 months and monthly in a postarthritic phase of another 3 months. Changes in uptake of radionuclide were present after 2 weeks. The induction phase was characterized by a decreased uptake in the calcification layer of the juxta-articular growth plates and a moderately increased epiphyseal uptake. The postarthritic phase was characterized by normalization of growth plate uptake and a marked increase in epiphyseal uptake.

Using contact autoradiography, the epiphyseal uptake was seen mainly in a narrow subchondral and subsynovial bone layer, around bone cysts and osteophytes, whereas central epiphyseal bone was osteopenic with decreased uptake of tracer.

The study suggests that the early scintigraphic appearance of juvenile non-suppurative arthritis may be an overall decrease in uptake of ^99mTc-diphosphonate due to a depression of growth plate metabolism.     

手术中缝针丢失情况的调查与对策

目的探讨手术中缝针丢失的原因及危害性。方法采用自行设计的调查问卷,对60名手术室护士在2004年亲历的缝针丢失情况进行调查,用无记名方式填写问卷。结果60名护士共经历丢针48人次,每人0～3次。其中,手术医生发生丢针22次,占45.8%;手术助手发生丢针12次,占25.0%;手术护士发生丢针14次,占29.2%。手术医生丢针概率高于护士。结论医护人员应具备高度工作责任感,养成良好的手术操作习惯,手术中及时清点器械,减少缝针丢失,从而避免医疗纠纷与事故隐患的发生。