大鼠束缚后脑内Fos蛋白的表达

目的探讨大鼠束缚后对大鼠脑内Fos蛋白表达的影响。方法将大鼠束缚于小的塑料桶内1、3或6h,于解束后30min处死,脑组织进行Fos蛋白免疫组织化学染色。结果Fos阳性神经元表达于1．前脑：扣带回、新皮质(尤其是第3和5层)、外侧隔核、杏仁中央核;2．间脑：下丘脑视前区、下丘脑外侧区、视上核、室旁核、第三脑室室周区、弓状核、丘脑室旁核、外侧膝状体、内侧膝状体;3．脑干：中脑的上丘视性层、中脑导水管周围灰质、下丘的皮质部;脑桥的臂旁外侧核、蓝斑、A5区;延髓的耳蜗核、延髓内脏带(MVZ)等处。Fos表达的时问规律是束缚1h最高,3h次之,6h最少。结论大鼠被束缚后全脑多处核团的神经元发生不同程度的Fos反应,随着束缚时间的延长,动物产生适应性,Fos表达减少。     

杏仁内侧核的纤维投射与功能

杏仁内侧核属于杏仁复合体内侧核群 ,内侧紧靠梨状皮质 ,外侧与屏状核相邻 ,背侧部分被豆状核覆盖 ,嘴侧毗邻前穿质 ,尾侧与尾状核相连 ,与嗅脑、大脑新皮质、隔核、丘脑和下丘脑有丰富的纤维联系 ,已经在该部位检测到多种物质的表达 ,提示该核团参与了对中枢神经系统多种重要功能的调节 ,如学习记忆、情绪、癫痫等     

肾母细胞瘤过度表达基因mRNA在大鼠中枢神经系统的原位杂交定位

为了了解肾母细胞瘤过度表达基因（ＮＯＶ）ｍＲＮＡ在中枢神经系统的定位，用地高辛标记的ｃＲＮＡ探针原位杂交组织化学方法，研究了ＮＯＶ原癌基因ｍＲＮＡ在成年大鼠中枢神经系统的分布。结果显示，在颞叶、听区、梨状前皮质、纹状皮质、海马复合体、杏仁基内侧核、杏仁皮质核、杏仁内侧核、杏仁外侧核、丘脑腹后内侧核、丘脑腹后外侧核、丘脑外侧背核、下丘脑腹内侧核、下丘脑背侧核、下丘脑背内侧核、下丘脑弓状核、脑桥面神经核、脑桥网状结构、前庭神经外侧核、前庭神经上核、脊髓前角均有较多ＮＯＶｍＲＮＡ阳性神经元分布，提示ＮＯＶ原癌基因在大鼠中枢神经系统内可能起重要作用     

大鼠束缚后脑内星形胶质细胞的反应

为了探讨束缚后大鼠脑内星形胶质细胞的反应,本实验将大鼠束缚于小的塑料桶内1、3或6 h,于解束后30 min处死,正常大鼠不被束缚作为对照。脑组织进行抗glial fibrillary acidic-protein(GFAP)免疫组织化学染色。结果显示:在正常大鼠脑内有少数散在静止状态的星形胶质细胞,表现为胞体小、突起细、GFAP淡染,缺乏机能定位分布特点;束缚后脑内星形胶质细胞表现为胞体肥大、突起变粗、GFAP深染、形成激活状态,其分布有明显的机能定位特点,表达于与应激反应调节相关的核团,主要有(1)端脑:扣带回、新皮质(尤其是第Ⅲ和V层)、隔外侧核、杏仁中央核;(2)间脑:丘脑室旁核、外侧膝状体、内侧膝状体、下丘脑的视上核、室旁核、第三脑室室周区、弓状核;(3)脑干:中脑的上丘浅层、中脑导水管周围灰质、下丘的皮质部;脑桥的臂旁外侧核、蓝斑、A5区;延髓的耳蜗核、延髓内脏带(MVZ)等处。反应性星形胶质细胞表达的时程变化是束缚1 h最高,3 h次之,6 h最少。本文结果表明,大鼠被束缚后全脑多处核团的星形胶质细胞发生不同程度的改变,随着束缚时间的延长,动物产生适应性,星形胶质细胞表达减少。     

磷酸化的细胞外信号调节蛋白激酶1/2在正常小鼠脑内的免疫细胞化学定位

细胞外信号调节蛋白激酶(ERK)1/2是重要的信号转导分子。现已知在正常动物的中枢神经系统内有其活化形式即磷酸化的ERK1/2(pERK1/2)分子的存在,但其在小鼠脑内的分布目前还没有全面的观察。本研究用免疫组织化学技术(ABC法)研究了pERK1/2样免疫反应阳性产物在脱臼处死的正常小鼠全脑内的分布。结果发现pERK1/2在正常小鼠脑内有广泛的表达,阳性产物主要存在于神经元,亦见于个别白质内的胶质细胞,脑膜及室管膜细胞也有表达。强阳性表达的核团主要有:岛皮质、视听皮质、边缘前皮质、扣带前皮质、海马垂直部、弓状核、蓝斑和小脑Purkinje细胞;中等阳性表达的核团主要有:感觉运动皮质、外侧隔区、内侧杏仁核、皮质杏仁核和外侧杏仁核、丘脑室旁核前部、视交叉上核、穹隆下器、终板血管器、前腹侧视前核和下丘脑背内侧核;弱阳性表达的核团主要有:视上核、下丘脑室旁核大细胞部、下丘脑后区、顶盖前区、室周灰质腹外侧柱、A5区、孤束核和延髓腹外侧网状结构等。本文结果观察到pERK1/2在正常小鼠脑内广泛存在,提示pERK1/2作为重要的信号转导分子,可能参与许多脑区在正常状态下的功能活动,揭示其分布特点为了解其在脑内的多样性功能提供了形态学依据。     

猫丘脑中央外侧核的皮质下传入联系

本实验用HRP逆行性轴浆运输技术,对猫丘脑中央外侧核的传入纤维联系及其局部定位关系进行了观察。投射至丘脑中央外侧核尾侧区的主要核团包括:外侧膝状体腹核背侧带、丘脑网状核特别是它的背侧部、上丘深层,以同侧为主。板内核、丘脑下部外侧区和黑质网状部神经元的轴突终止在同侧丘脑中央外侧核吻侧区。丘脑中央外侧核全长的传入起自脑干网状结构和前庭神经核,呈双侧投射。前者以同侧为主,后者以对侧占优势。同侧未定带,顶盖前区、动眼神经核周围的细胞群、对侧三叉神经感觉主核、楔束核、薄束核以及小脑齿状核内也含有少量标记细胞。我们还观察到HRP注射中心区位于中央外侧核并扩散至丘脑腹前核者,同侧脚内核含大量HRP阳性细胞,而Gudden被盖腹侧核内充满密集的标记终末。这些结果表明,丘脑中央外侧核可能涉及多种感觉和运动功能。     

正常生活状态下的大鼠脑中 FOS的基础表达

用免疫组织化学 ABC方法普查了正常生活状态下大鼠全脑内 FOS的基础表达。结果显示在正常生活状态下大鼠脑中有广泛而恒定的 FOS表达 ,出现于许多核团 ,如 :孤束核的连合核、内侧亚核 ,脑桥核 ,臂旁外侧核及 KF核 ,下丘 ,丘脑室旁核 ,下丘脑乳头体上核、视交叉上核以及中央杏仁核 ,新皮质等处。另外 ,在外侧网状核 ,三叉神经脊束核尾侧亚核 ,A1区 ,舌下神经前置核 ,小脑皮质颗粒层 ,中央灰质腹外侧部 ,腹侧被盖区 ,顶盖前区 ,下丘脑后区 ,外侧膝状体腹侧核 ,外侧缰核 ,尾壳核 ,屏状核 ,视上核 ,隔外侧核 ,扣带回皮质和嗅结节等处也有恒定的 FOS表达。面部皮下注射甲醛后 ,在部分脑区如三叉神经脊束核尾侧亚核 、 层及下丘脑室旁核等处 FOS表达增多 ,而脑内大部分核团 FOS表达模式未变。本文作者推测 ,这些正常生活状态下的 FOS表达可能与机体的基础代谢以及内脏、躯体功能活动 ,外界刺激如光线、声音等感觉传入活动有关。在分析实验刺激引起的 F OS表达变化时应注意区分     

神经特异性转录因子DAT1 mRNA在大鼠中枢神经系统的定位

目的 观察神经特异性转录因子(DAT1)在大鼠中枢神经系统中的定位。方法 原位杂交组织化学染色。结果 在大鼠中枢神经系统中，DAT1 mRNA阳性反应产物主要位于胞质和突起内，DAT1 mRNA阳性神经元可见于大脑、小脑、丘脑、脑干、脊髓。强阳性信号主要出现于嗅球、梨状皮质、纹状皮质、内嗅皮质、海马CA1区、齿状回、丘脑后外侧核、红核、被盖背侧核、延髓中央网状核、三叉神经运动核、舌下神经核、迷走神经核、楔束外核、疑核等部位；中等强度着色主要分布于大脑皮质Ⅱ～Ⅵ层、海马CA2区和CA3区、杏仁核、苍白球、内侧膝状体、外侧膝状体、视上核、未定带、弓状核、室旁核、黑质、中脑网状核、脑桥网状核、巨细胞网状核、外侧网状核、斜方体内侧核、前庭神经核、蜗神经背核、楔束核、中缝背核；在隔核、乳头体前核、上丘浅灰质层、下丘中央核、下丘外侧核、中央灰质、三叉神经中脑核、三叉脊束核、孤束核、下橄榄核、中央上核、小脑顶核、小脑间置核、小脑外侧核、脊髓灰质及丘脑的大部分核团可见弱的阳性细胞。结论 DAT1广泛分布于大鼠中枢神经系统内，其分布与多巴胺能神经分布密切相关，提示该基因对大鼠中枢神经系统活动，尤其是多巴胺能神经递质活动具有重要的调节功能。     

金黄地鼠丘脑网状核视部的纤维联系

本实验采用顺行、逆行及跨神经元追踪技术,对金黄地鼠丘脑网状核视部的纤维联系进行了实验观察。一、正常金黄地鼠4只,制成尼氏和Loyez染色的连续切片各4套,观察丘脑网状核(RT)的正常位置形态和范围。二、将 ~3H-Proline和~3H-Fucose注人动物一侧眼球2只,存活期分别为10、15天)后,可见跨神经元标记于双侧RT的背尾侧部,但同侧标记甚少。三、将HRP分别注入丘脑后外侧核(LP)、外侧膝状体背核(LGd)和外侧膝状体腹核(LGv)(8只,存活期1天)后,分别在同侧RT的背尾侧份的背侧区、中份和腹侧区见有HRP标记神经元。四、将~3H-Proline和~3H-Leucine混合导入视皮质17区不同部位(3只,存活期1天)后,可见在各例的同侧RT的背尾侧部的整个吻尾范围内都有长形的标记点。当注射17区尾侧时,标记部位靠背侧,而注射区越近吻侧时,标记点亦越靠腹侧。五、将HRP注入上丘(6例)时,见RT有极少量标记。本文认为,RT的背尾侧部为核的视部,因为它与视皮质及一些已知的与视觉有关的核团,如后外侧丘脑核、外侧膝状体背核和腹核等都有联系;同时,由于它们之间有局部点对点的定位关系,故此核可能与特定的、有局部定位的视信息的调节有关。     

神经激肽B受体在小鼠中枢神经系统内的定位分布

目的　研究神经激肽B受体 (NK3)在小鼠中枢神经系统内的定位分布。　方法　免疫组织化学染色。　结果　在小鼠中枢神经系统的绝大部分区域 ,NK3受体样免疫反应产物位于胞体和树突上 ,少部分区域位于神经毡 (neuropil)内。大量NK3受体样免疫反应神经元出现于前嗅核、伏隔核、隔区、腹侧苍白球、苍白球、尾壳核、终纹床核、下丘脑前区、下丘脑结节区、下丘脑外侧区、穹隆周区、视上核、弓状核、乳头体、黑质、腹侧被盖区、红核后区、上丘和下丘、导水管周围灰质、孤束核、及延髓和脊髓背角浅层。大脑皮质的浅层、梨状皮质、背侧海马、杏仁核、脑干网状结构等核团内也含有一定数量的阳性神经元。在丘脑的中线核团和板内核、腹侧海马和脚间核等处 ,NK3受体免疫反应产物主要位于神经毡内。　结论　NK3受体广泛分布于小鼠中枢神经系统内 ,提示它可能具有重要的生理功能     

大鼠神经系统内蛋白激酶Cγ亚单位的定位

目的　观察蛋白激酶Cγ亚单位 (PKCγ)在大鼠神经系统内的定位分布。　方法　PKCγ特异性抗体的免疫细胞化学染色技术。　结果　密集、浓染的PKCγ阳性神经元主要见于大脑皮质、海马、杏仁复合体、小脑皮质、耳蜗腹侧核和耳蜗背侧核、三叉神经脊束核尾侧亚核和脊髓背角浅层。　结论　PKCγ阳性神经元广泛分布于大鼠神经系统。本研究的结果为探讨PKCγ在神经系统信号转导过程中的作用提供了形态学证据     

芳香化酶mRNA在小鼠脑内的表达及其分布

目的 研究芳香化酶ｍ（ＲＮＡ（ａｒｏｍａｔａｓｅ ｍＲＮＡ）在小鼠脑内的基因表达。方法 原位杂交组织化学和ＰＮＡ斑点杂交。结果 （１）斑点杂交结果显示,脑内芳香化酶ｍＲＮＡ在小鼠Ｅ１６－Ｐ３００整个发育过程中均有表达,表达高峰在生后６ｄ左右,成年后降至最低;（２）脑内芳香化酶ｍＲＮＡ主要定位于神经元;（３）芳香化酶ｍＲＮＡ在脑内的表达,阳性区域主要分布于大脑皮层,丘脑、下丘脑及边缘系统。其中,皮质锥体细胞层、内侧视前区、隔内侧核、海马各区锥体层、杏仁核群、扣带皮质、梨状前皮质及杏仁周皮质等部位阳性信号较强;中等强度的阳性信号见于丘脑腹内、外侧核,丘脑外侧背核、下丘脑室旁核、室周核等处。结论 以上结果进一步证明脑内芳香化酶的表达与脑发育存在一定的相关性,芳香化酶ｍＲＮＡ的表达部位与文献报道酶的活性分布基本一致;海     

NGF在成年猴脑的分布

为了解NGF在成年猴脑的分布,采用免疫组化SP法对成年猴脑多个冠状位切片进行免疫组化反应。结果证明,NGF阳性反应神经元主要分布于大脑皮质Ⅲ、V层,小脑Purkinje细胞,海马,齿状回,纹状体,脑干网状结构等处。此外,在黑质、舌下神经核、迷走神经背核、前庭神经核、三叉神经核、疑核、下橄榄核也出现NGF阳性反应。在大脑和脑干还观察到NGF阳性胶质细胞。本实验结果表明,在成年猴脑的多个脑区有NGF表达,提示NGF可能涉及猴脑某些神经元及胶质细胞的生理过程。     

Nitric oxide synthase-containing neurons in the amygdaloid nuclear complex of the rat

The nitric oxide-producing neurons in the rat amygdala (Am) were studied, using reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate diaphorase (NADPHd) histochemistry. Almost all nuclei of the Am contained NADPHd-positive neurons and fibers, but the somatodendritic morphology and the intensity of staining of different subpopulations varied. The strongly stained neurons displayed labeling of the perikaryon and the dendritic tree with Golgi impregnation-like quality, whilst the dendrites of the lightly stained neurons were less successfully followed. Many strongly positive neurons were located in the external capsule and within the intraamygdaloid fiber bundles. A large number of small, strongly stained cells was present in the amygdalostriatal transition area. In the Am proper, a condensation of deeply stained cells occurred in the lateral amygdaloid nucleus. In the basolateral nucleus, the strongly NADPHd-positive neurons were few, and were located mainly along the lateral border of the nucleus. These cells clearly differed from the large, pyramidal, and efferent cells. The basomedial nucleus contained numerous positive cells but most of them were only lightly labeled. A moderate number of strongly stained neurons appeared in the medial division of the central nucleus, and a larger accumulation of strongly positive cells was present in the lateral and the capsular divisions. The medial amygdaloid nucleus contained numerous moderately stained neurons and displayed the strongest diffuse neuropil staining in Am. In the nucleus of the lateral olfactory tract, the first layer contained only NADPHd-stained axons, in the second layer, there were numerous moderately stained cells, and in the third layer, a few but deeply stained neurons. From the cortical nuclei, the most appreciable number of stained neurons was seen in the anterior cortical nucleus. The anterior amygdaloid area contained numerous NADPHd-positive neurons; in its dorsal part the majority of cells were only moderately stained, whereas in the ventral part the neurons were very strongly stained. The intercalated amygdaloid nucleus lacked NADPHd-positive neurons but an appreciable plexus of fine, tortuous axons was present. In the intra-amygdaloid part of the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (st) some lightly stained cells were seen but along the entire course of st strongly stained neurons were observed. Some Am nuclei, and especially the central lateral nucleus and the intercalated nucleus, display considerable species differences when compared with the primate Am. The age-related changes of the nitrergic Am neurons, as well as their involvement in neurodegenerative diseases is discussed.     

全脑暂时性缺血诱导c-fos原癌基因蛋白(FOS)在大鼠脑内的表达

用免疫组化(ABC)方法,普查了血管阻塞后全脑暂时性缺血刺激所诱导的c-fos原癌基因蛋白(FOS)在大鼠全脑各部的表达,观察了其分布、时间发展过程和变化。脑缺血再循环后15分钟至72小时内,在脑的各级水平的多数核团和结构出现不同程度的FOS表达。在不同的部位和功能区,FOS表达出现的时间、达到高峰时间和消退时间不同,表达的细胞多少和强度也不相同。在各脑室的室管膜细胞、触液神经元和下丘脑(特别是视上核和室旁核)最先出现,并呈现一过性的FOS快速表达。海马的FOS表达在2h后出现、主要局限在齿状回、下托和CA_4、CA_3区。在边缘系统和嗅脑的扣带皮质、梨状皮质、杏仁、隔核和内侧缰核、嗅球外颗粒层和僧帽层以及前嗅核呈现高水平的持久表达。缺血后2～48h内,新皮质Ⅱ—Ⅵ层诱导出广泛的高水平表达。丘脑、基底核、中脑的FOS表达则出现较晚且分布稀疏。FOS在脑干的表达因不同核团而异。本文结果提示:全脑暂时性缺血刺激后,脑内不同部位、不同核团和功能区激活FOS表达的机制不同,其功能意义也可能有所不同。     

Fatty acid amide hydrolase is located preferentially in large neurons in the rat central nervous system as revealed by immunohistochemistry

The distribution in the rat brain of fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) an enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of the endogenous cannabinoid anandamide was studied by immunohistochemistry. An immunopurified, polyclonal antibody to the C terminal region of FAAH was used in these studies. The large principal neurons, such as pyramidal cells in the cerebral cortex, the pyramidal cells the hippocampus, Purkinje cells in the cerebellar cortex and the mitral cells in the olfactory bulb, showed the strongest FAAH immunoreactivity. These FAAH-containing principal neurons except the mitral cells in the olfactory bulb are in close proximity with cannabinoid CB1 receptors as revealed by our previous immunohistochemical study. Moderately or lightly stained FAAH-containing neurons were also found in the amygdala, the basal ganglia, the deep cerebellar nuclei, the ventral posterior nuclei of the thalamus, the optic layer and the intermediate white layer of the superior colliculus and the red nucleus in the midbrain, and motor neurons of the spinal cord. These data demonstrate that FAAH is heterogeneously distributed and this distribution exhibits considerable, although not complete, overlap with the distribution of cannabinoid CB1 receptors in rat brain.     

白细胞介素6受体样免疫反应性细胞在大鼠脑内的分布

目的　研究白细胞介素６ 受体（ＩＬ－６Ｒ和ｇｐ１３０）免疫反应性细胞在大鼠脑内的分布。方法　采用ＡＢＣ免疫组织化学方法。结果　ＩＬ－６Ｒ免疫反应性细胞主要分布在下丘脑的视前区、腹内侧核、室旁核和弓状核;在海马,ＩＬ－６Ｒ阳性细胞呈强阳性,密集分布于齿状回颗粒细胞层和ＣＡ１ ～ＣＡ２ 锥体细胞层;在大脑皮层、嗅结节、丘脑腹内侧核、终纹床核等处也有ＩＬ－６Ｒ阳性细胞。ｇｐ１３０ 阳性细胞主要分布于下丘脑的室周核、室旁核的内侧小细胞部、弓状核及视上核,在大脑皮层也有ｇｐ１３０ 阳性大锥体细胞的分布。ｇｐ１３０ 阳性细胞亦见于尾壳核、杏仁核区、终纹床核,在海马结构内的ｇｐ１３０ 阳性细胞较ＩＬ－６Ｒ染色较浅。此外,ＩＬ－６ 两种受体亚单位的免疫反应性细胞也散在分布于小脑皮层、小脑外侧核以及延髓／脑干。结论　在大鼠脑内广泛分布着ＩＬ－６ 两种受体亚单位的免疫反应性细胞,提示ＩＬ－６ 及其受体可能具有重要的神经生物学意义。     

Afferent connections of dorsal and ventral agranular insular cortex in the hamsterMesocricetus auratus

The agranular insular cortex is transitional in location and structure between the ventrally adjacent olfactory allocortex primutivus and dorsally adjacent sensory-motor isocortex. Its ventral anterior division receives major afferent projections from olfactory areas of the limbic system (posterior primary olfactory cortex, posterolateral cortical amygdaloid nucleus and lateral entorhinal cortex) while its dorsal anterior division does so from non-olfactory limbic areas (lateral and basolateral amygdaloid nuclei).The medial segment of the mediodorsal thalamic nucleus projects to both the ventral and dorsal divisions of the agranular insular cortex, to the former from its anterior portion and to the latter from its posterior portion. Other thalamic inputs to the two divisions arise from the gelatinosus, central medial, rhomboid and parafascicular nuclei. The dorsal division, but not the ventral division, receives input from neurons in the lateral hypothalamus and posterior hypothalamus.The medial frontal cortex projects topographically and bilaterally upon both ventral and dorsal anterior insular cortex, to the former from the ventrally located medial orbital and infralimbic areas, to the latter from the dorsally-located anterior cingulate and medial precentral areas, and to both from the intermediately located prelimbic area. Similarly, the ipsilateral posterior agranular insular cortex and perirhinal cortex project in a topographic manner upon the two divisions of the agranular insular cortex.Commissural input to both divisions originates from pyramidal neurons in the respective contralateral homotopical cortical area. In each case, pyramidal neurons in layer V contribute 90% of this projection and 10% arises from layer III pyramidals.In the brainstem, the dorsal raphe nucleus projects to the ventral and dorsal divisions of the agranular insular cortex and the parabrachial nucleus projects to the dorsal division.Based on their cytoarchitecture, pattern of afferent connections and known functional properties, we consider the ventral and dorsal divisions of the agranular insular cortex to be, respectively, periallocortical and proisocortical portions of the limbic cortex.     

IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL DISTRIBUTION OF CANNABINOID CB 1 RECEPTOR IN THE RAT CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM

IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL DISTRIBUTION OF CANNABINOID CB 1 RECEPTOR IN THE RAT CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM@邹冈