Ahmed青光眼阀植入术治疗难治性青光眼的疗效观察

目的 观察Ahmed青光眼阀植入术治疗难治性青光眼的临床疗效及并发症.方法 32例(32眼)难治性青光眼患者应用Ahmed青光眼阀植入术进行治疗,观察患者术后眼压、视力及并发症,并与术前进行比较.结果 本组患者手术成功率为87.50％,其中新生血管性青光眼患者术后成功率为85.71％,其他类型青光眼患者成功率为90.91％.术前眼压为(45.3±11.3)mmHg(1kPa =7.5mmHg),术后最后一次随访眼压(16.57±5.31)mmHg,差异有统计学意义(t=-13.017,P＜0.05).术后视力提高14例,视力不变16例,视力下降2例.术后并发症包括短暂性浅前房7例,前房积血4例,脉络膜脱落3例,引流盘周围纤维包裹2例.结论 Ahmed青光眼阀应用于治疗难治性青光眼疗效较好,并发症较少.     

可调节缝线在Ahmed青光眼阀植入术治疗新生血管性青光眼的临床应用

目的探讨可调节缝线在Ahmed青光眼阀植入术治疗新生血管性青光眼(NNG)的临床应用。方法采用Ahmed青光眼阀植入术联合可调节缝线治疗NVG38例,观察手术前后眼压的变化及术后并发症的情况,术后平均随访1~3个月。结果术后根据眼压情况分次拆除可调节缝线,术后第5天平均眼压(15.62±2.52)mmHg,无低眼压、浅前房、前房出血等并发症发生。结论采用Ahmed青光眼阀植入术联合可调节缝线治疗NVG,不但能控制眼压,而且能减少并发症的发生,是治疗NVG的有效方法。     

Ahmed青光眼引流阀植入术治疗难治性青光眼

目的:探讨Ahmed青光眼引流阀植入术治疗难治性青光眼的手术方法及并发症预防。方法:回顾我院1999/2009年行Ahmed青光眼引流阀植入术治疗的难治性青光眼5例,对术前和术后视力、眼压、引流管位置、虹膜新生血管及术后并发症情况进行分析。结果:术前眼压:43.00±14.71mmHg,随访6～24mo,末次眼压为22.60±12.72mmHg。术后1例视力略有提高,3例视力无明显变化,1例视力下降。4例术后引流管位置良好,1例术后3mo接触角膜内皮。4例新生血管性青光眼中3例术后虹膜新生血管部分或全部消退,1例无消退。前房出血3例;前房纤维素性渗出4例;引流管口阻塞2例,1例经YAG激光治疗再开放,1例经抗炎治疗后再开放,但术后3mo又出现阻塞经治疗无好转;浅前房2例;前房消失和高眼压1例;引流管暴露1例。结论:Ahmed青光眼引流阀植入术是治疗难治性青光眼比较有效的方法,注意术中手术操作可以减少早期并发症的发生。     

Ahmed引流阀植入治疗晚期新生血管性青光眼的疗效

目的:观察Ahmed青光眼引流阀植入治疗晚期新生血管性青光眼的临床效果及安全性,评价其临床价值。方法:对41例41眼晚期新生血管性青光眼患者施行Ahmed青光眼引流阀植入术,术后观察随访12mo,记录术后1d;1wk;1,3,6,12mo的眼压并与术前进行比较,同时分析术后出现的并发症及其处理方法。结果:本组病例术前、术后1d;1wk;1,3,6,12mo的平均眼压分别为59.83±5.53,19.27±8.19,19.69±6.86,20.67±6.73,21.05±6.93,21.49±7.42,22.14±8.08mmHg,术后各个时期眼压均较术前明显下降,经过统计学处理,差异有显著性;手术并发症包括前房出血、前房延缓形成、引流管堵塞、引流盘包裹和暴露等。结论:Ahmed青光眼引流阀植入术能显著降低眼压,并发症少,是治疗晚期新生血管性青光眼的有效方法。     

Ahmed青光眼阀植入术治疗新生血管性青光眼

目的:探讨Ahmed青光眼引流阀植入术治疗新生血管性青光眼的疗效及其并发症的防治。方法:回顾性分析18例18眼新生血管性青光眼行Ahmed青光眼阀植入术的疗效,主要观察指标为手术前后视力、眼压、并发症及手术成功率等,术后随访6~18mo。结果:术后最佳矫正视力不变11眼,提高5眼,下降2眼。术后眼压控制的有效率达到89%,术后并发症主要是早期的短暂性浅前房和高眼压、前房积血以及晚期的滤过道瘢痕纤维化。结论:Ahmed引流阀植入术是治疗新生血管性青光眼的一种比较有效的方法。     

Ahmed青光眼阀植入联合视网膜光凝或冷凝治疗新生血管性青光眼

目的:探讨Ahmed青光眼阀植入联合视网膜光凝或冷凝术对新生血管性青光眼治疗的临床效果。方法:选取4a来住院的新生血管性青光眼56例58眼,其中视网膜中央静脉阻塞25例25眼,糖尿病性视网膜病变21例23眼,视网膜血管炎5例5眼,颈动脉狭窄4例4眼,视网膜分支静脉阻塞1例1眼,平均年龄50.6岁,均行Ahmed青光眼阀植入联合视网膜光凝或冷凝治疗,其中47眼于手术前后行全视网膜光凝,11眼于手术中联合周边视网膜冷凝术,平均随访18.0±6.2mo,观察手术前后视力和眼压的变化以及术后并发症的情况,结果进行统计学分析。结果:视力:术后43眼有不同程度地提高,15眼无变化,无视力下降者。眼压:随访6mo时眼压由术前49.56±8.25mmHg降至17.86±5.25mmHg,总成功率为85%;随访12mo时,眼压由术前50.25±7.18mmHg降至18.80±6.81mmHg,总成功率为78%;24mo以上随访19眼,眼压由术前51.05±8.10mmHg降至20.12±7.01mmHg,总成功率为74%,手术前后眼压比较差异有非常显著性。并发症主要有前房出血、前房延缓形成、引流管内口堵塞、引流盘纤维包裹,经术后处理均得到了恢复。结论:Ahmed青光眼阀植入联合视网膜光凝或冷凝是治疗新生血管性青光眼安全有效的方法之一。     

应用MMC的Ahmed青光眼阀植入术联合全视网膜光凝治疗NVG

目的:探讨应用丝裂霉素C的Ahmed青光眼阀植入联合全视网膜光凝治疗新生血管性青光眼的临床疗效。方法:新生血管性青光眼26例26眼,应用丝裂霉素C的Ahmed青光眼阀植入术联合全视网膜光凝治疗。结果:随访12mo,成功:16例眼压<21mmHg(61.54%),无明显眼部刺激症状。术前眼压平均49.78±14.17mmHg,术后眼压下降到平均18.45±8.91mmHg。末次复诊视力提高14眼(53.85%),视力不变12眼,无视力下降或丧失者。26眼中虹膜新生血管全部消退21眼,部分消退5眼。术后并发症主要有:浅前房6眼(23.08%),前房少量积血3眼(11.54%),引流管内口堵塞2眼(7.69%),引流盘纤维包裹1眼(3.85%)。结论:应用丝裂霉素C的Ahmed青光眼阀植入联合全视网膜光凝术治疗新生血管性青光眼,既能及时降低眼压,又能拯救或提高视力,是治疗新生血管性青光眼的一种安全而有效的方法。     

Ahmed青光眼阀植入术中联合应用透明质酸钠治疗NVG

目的：探讨Ahmed青光眼阀植入术治疗新生血管性青光眼(neovascular glaucoma,NVG)术中联合前房内注入透明质酸钠对手术疗效及术后并发症发生率的影响。

方法：回顾性病例对照研究。选择我院2009/2011年因新生血管性青光眼住院手术的患者49例49眼,按病历号奇偶随机分为两组。对照组行单纯Ahmed青光眼阀植入术,术中前房内不予注入透明质酸钠,研究组术中在将Ahmed青光眼阀硅胶管置入前房前往前房内注入透明质酸钠0.2～0.3mL,术后定期随访1mo,比较两组间术后眼压、最佳矫正视力变化及术后浅前房、前房出血、脉络膜脱离等并发症发生情况。组间手术前后眼压对比采用独立样本秩和检验(非正态分布),组间并发症比较采用χ²检验。

结果：新生血管性青光眼术后随访1mo,研究组27眼眼压由42.8±5.56mmHg降至17.7±3.77mmHg,对照组22眼由42.5±5.36mmHg降至18.6±5.39mmHg; 术后并发症：研究组术后浅前房2例,术后出血1例; 对照组术后浅前房4例,术后出血5例,研究组前房硅胶管位置欠佳1例。

结论：Ahmed青光眼阀植入术治疗新生血管性青光眼术中联合前房内注入透明质酸钠,可有效减少术后前房出血的发生,术后短期内会导致患者眼压升高,而对患者远期眼压无明显影响。     

青光眼阀植入物治疗难治性青光眼

目的观察Ahmed青光眼引流植入物治疗难治性青光眼的疗效.方法采用Ahmed青光眼引流植入物,共治疗28例(29只眼)难治性青光眼,其中新生血管性青光眼10例(10只眼),青少年型青光眼5例(6只眼),其它青光眼13例(13只眼).结果术后随访3～12个月,新生血管性青光眼的眼压由术前40.9±7.32 mmHg降至20.63±2.75 mmHg(1mmHg=0.133kPa);人工晶体联合玻璃体手术后青光眼的眼压由术前41±5.66mmHg降至术后18.00±2.12 mmHg;青少年型青光眼的眼压由术前33.65±5.28 mmHg降至术后16.45±1.48 mmHg;常规滤过性手术失败的青光眼的眼压由术前31.43±4.13 mmHg降至18.13±1.25 mmHg.术后常见并发症有浅前房、前房积血、前葡萄膜炎等.结论Ahmed青光眼引流植入物是治疗难治性青光眼的一种较为有效的降眼压方法.眼科学报2000;16259～261.     

玻璃体腔注射康柏西普联合Ahmed青光眼阀植入和全视网膜光凝治疗有视功能新生血管性青光眼

目的:探讨玻璃体腔注射康柏西普联合Ahmed青光眼阀植入及全视网膜光凝治疗有视功能的新生血管性青光眼的疗效和安全性.方法:回顾分析我院2015-01/12有视功能的新生血管性青光眼患者12例12眼,行玻璃体腔注射康柏西普0.5mg,待虹膜新生血管消退后,行Ahmed青光眼阀植入术,2wk后行全视网膜光凝,术后随访3mo,观察视力、眼压和手术并发症等情况.结果:随访3mo后,患者视力提高10眼,无变化1眼,视力下降1眼.平均眼压由术前41.22±8.29mmHg降至术后3mo的16.08±4.92mmHg,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).青光眼阀植入术后1眼患者发生了浅前房,1wk后完全恢复.1眼患者术后出现了少量前房积血,3d后完全吸收.1眼激光光凝术后1 mo发生了玻璃体积血,行玻璃体切割后视力部分恢复,眼压控制良好.结论:玻璃体腔注射康柏西普后植入Ahmed青光眼阀和进行全视网膜光凝是治疗有视功能的新生血管性青光眼的一种安全有效的方法.     

Strabisme Alternant - Etude clinique - traitement

The author defines motor and sensory alternation: the term alternation should not be used in isolation, it should always be accompanied by the name of the parameter concerned. Sensory alternation is always found together with motor alternation but the reverse is not true.The examining criteria for a diagnosis of sensory alternation are given, sensory alternation must not be confused with alternating inhibition. Working from clinical observations of cases of motor alternating strabismus, the author selects 2 types of binocular sensory relations which allow one to differentiate between:- cases of primary alternating strabismus- cases of secondary alternating strabismusThese forms will develop in different ways; in both cases a cure is possible providing that the right treatment is prescribed and once prescribed carefully followed, etc. It is always a case of serious forms of strabismus whose developmental period is spread over several years.According to the authors, the frequency of cases of true primary strabismus is from 1–3%, the frequency of cases of secondary alternating strabismus varies according to the type of therapy practised on cases of monocular strabismus with amblyopia. These latter will become cases of alternating strabismus under the influence of certain types of therapy carried out over several years (penalization, rocking, alternated occlusion, etc...).Experimental data on kittens confirm clinical data; kittens placed in abnormal environments during the sensitive period will show modification in the distribution of cortical cells and the absence of binocular cells (either because the excitation of the two eyes was not simultaneous, or not identical: artificial strabismus, occlusion, opaque glasses). This disturbances become irreversible after a certain period of exposure (a function of age, length of exposure, etc...).It is thus necessary to bear in mind: 1) the iatrogenic risks of certain orthoptic treatments, 2) the necessity for a binocular form of treatment as soon as possible, as once a certain stage is passed, cortical plasticity diminishes and the elaboration of normal binocular relations becomes impossible.

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Effects of Adenosine Agonists on Intraocular Pressure and Aqueous Humor Dynamics in Cynomolgus Monkeys

The effects of single or multiple topical doses of the relatively selective A₁adenosine receptor agonists (R)-phenylisopropyladenosine (R-PIA) and N⁶-cyclohexyladenosine (CHA) on intraocular pressure (IOP), aqueous humor flow (AHF) and outflow facility were investigated in ocular normotensive cynomolgus monkeys. IOP and AHF were determined, under ketamine anesthesia, by Goldmann applanation tonometry and fluorophotometry, respectively. Total outflow facility was determined by anterior chamber perfusion under pentobarbital anesthesia. A single unilateral topical application of R-PIA (20–250 μg) or CHA (20–500 μg) produced ocular hypertension (maximum rise=4.9 or 3.5 mmHg) within 30 min, followed by ocular hypotension (maximum fall=2.1 or 3.6 mmHg) from 2–6 hr. The relatively selective adenosine A₂antagonist 3,7-dimethyl-1-propargylxanthine (DMPX, 320 μg) inhibited the early hypertension, without influencing the hypotension. Neither 100 μg R-PIA nor 500 μg CHA clearly altered AHF. Total outflow facility was increased by 71% 3 hr after 100 μg R-PIA. In conclusion, the early ocular hypertension produced by topical adenosine agonists in cynomolgus monkeys is associated with the activation of adenosine A₂receptors, while the subsequent hypotension appears to be mediated by adenosine A₁receptors and results primarily from increased outflow facility.