Exposition à un environnement chaud et performance en tir à la carabine

Introduction. – The effects of a passive warm-up, by exposure to a hot thermal environment, on standing rifle-shooting performance were analysed.Subjects and method. – The cutaneous mean temperature and shooting performance of 6 high level shooters was measured under 3 different thermal exposure conditions.Results. – We find that a passive exposure to a 37 °C temperature enhances cutaneous body temperature. Only the condition where subjects were exposed to a 37 °C temperature during the passive warm-up enhances the following rifle performance during the shooting set at 20 °C, compared to control conditions, where passive warm-up and shooting set were conducted either at 20 or 37 °C (605.5 ± 6.7 points vs respectively 600.8 ± 6.5 and 596.6 ± 7.3).Discussion and conclusion. – Our results provide evidences of the benefits of a passive warm-up in rifle shooting, a sport where the consequences of a physiological activation seem to be deleterious for performance. Coaches should make shooters aware of the benefits provided by such method of warm-up.     

Exigences physiologiques nécessaires à la pratique de rugby de haut niveau

Introduction – The objective of our work is to determine physiological features of rugby players of French team.Synthesis of facts – We realized the physical tests for estimate of maximal oxygen uptake (VO₂max), lactate anaerobic, Sargent, explosive strength on ergojump and supple. The results showed that aerobic power and lactate anaerobic were favourable of back. The performances of back of ergojump and Sargent were better than these forward. It not existed significant difference of supple between forward and black.Conclusion – The physical tests bring to the fore different athletes not only on the morphological and metabolic plane but also on the powerful and supple plane.     

Influence de la pratique sportive intensive et précoce sur l'âge à la ménarche dans une population de femmes Congolaises

Aim – Evaluation of intensive and early sports (before puberty) influence on the first menstruation's (menarche) upcoming in African subjects.Methods – The age of menarche (AMC) is obtained by a standard recall method on a population of 399 young women from Congo-Brazzaville. They are 20 to 30 years old and are divided in three groups: (1) 111 handball players having started training before menarche, 50 of them being of high national and international sport levels players (AH-pre), and 61 of them competing in local and academic leagues (AS-pre); (2) 74 handball players as a control group having started training after menarche, including 24 players of high sport levels (AH-post) and 50 others competing in academic leagues (AS-post); and (3) 214 sedentary young women (SYW). The averages are compared with the help of a one way variance analysis test (ANOVA) followed by a Fisher PLSD post-hoc multi-comparison test. The level of significance is set at p < 0.05.Results – The average AMC is not significantly different when looking at AH-post (13.88 ± 1.33 years) and AS-post (13.94 ± 1.3 years), and when considering each of them with SYW (13.92 ± 1.3 years). However these three groups show an average AMC significantly lower (p < 0.0001) than the ones of AH-pre (15.36 ± 1.57 years) on one hand and of AS-pre (14.74 ± 1.06 years) on the other hand. Furthermore there is a significant difference between these two latter groups (p < 0.05).Conclusions – AMC is delayed in the group of women having started sports before puberty, and the higher the level of competition is reached, the more AMC is delayed. This result can be explained by a possible sampling factor that would make these women a menarche's group subjects of late nature, but this theory is excluded. The hypothesis of a menarche's selection in elite sport subjects is also excluded. These results therefore confirm the effect of sports on puberty in a population of African women.