临床眼科专业在职硕士研究生培养的回顾与思考

随着临床医学生培养的多元化,在职研究生的培养逐渐形成完善的体系。如何培养高质量的眼科在职研究生是很多学院和导师面临的重要问题。本文分析了临床眼科在职研究生培养中存在的问题和相关解决方法的探索。     

教学相长式业务学习在眼科硕士研究生培养中的作用

目的：了解师生共同参与主讲的教学相长式业务学习对眼科学硕士研究生综合能力培养的作用,为眼科学研究生教育探讨新的模式。

方法：对泸州医学院2010～2014级的31名眼科学各专业硕士研究生及47名泸州医学院附属医院眼科全体医护人员进行回顾性问卷调查,明确新的业务学习模式是否可提高眼科研究生的综合能力。

结果：开展教学相长式业务学习可提高眼科学硕士研究生的综合能力。

结论：教与学相互促进、共同提高有助于眼科学硕士研究生综合能力的培养。     

临床病例引导下的眼科研究生教学模式探讨

眼科临床型研究生教学需要培养研究生的临床思维能力。在授课中眼科临床病例的引入可以提高研究生的学习兴趣,促进学生围绕病例进行分析,教师可围绕眼科临床病例展开需要授课的疾病相关的知识点,根据临床病例可以开展以问题为基础的学习教学法,从而提高临床型研究生的临床分析能力。（眼科, 2014, 23： 280-281）     

适应教学改革，提高眼科硕士研究生教学质量

研究生教学体制改革已全面启动，如何适应研究生教学体制改革，培养具有创新能力和独立工作能力的高素质眼科硕士研究生已成为亟待解决的问题，本文从基础课程学习阶段、临床工作阶段以及科研工作阶段三方面探讨了适应教学改革，提高眼科硕士研究生教学质量的途径和方法。     

眼肿瘤眼眶病硕士研究生的临床及科研能力培养

眼肿瘤眼眶病是一门涉及多个学科的边缘性科学,与眼科学其他专业存在着明显差别。眼肿瘤眼眶病硕士研究生培养模式既具有眼科常规专业的培养共性,也具有针对眼肿瘤眼眶病专业的培养个性。对眼肿瘤眼眶病硕士研究生应在临床综合能力和科研能力两个方面进行培养,前者主要包括基础理论与基本技能的培养、临床思维能力的培养和医患沟通能力的培养,后者主要包括阅读文献能力的培养、科研选题能力的培养、基本实验室操作能力的培养、科研写作能力的培养和演讲能力的培养等。（眼科,2016, 25： 351-354）     

激活教师队伍内生动力，推进眼科学研究生教育高质量发展

研究生导师的能力和水平是影响研究生教育质量的最关键因素之一。针对眼科学研究生专业基础知识薄弱、动手实践机会缺乏、创新能力不足,导师队伍教学主动性不强、活力欠佳等问题,中山眼科中心逐步建立了“行政+专家”的双重教学管理架构,引导激励教师积极主动参与、推动研究生课程改革、科研创新能力培训、教学信息化建设、教学质控与学生管理等各项教学改革与决策,通过不断完善教师参与教学改革共同治理的长效机制,打造高素质的教师队伍,实现高质量的眼科学研究生培养。     

以PICOT原则凝练临床问题的能力培养与现代医学研究生教育

医学研究生培养的质量关系到医学高层次人才的梯队建设。现代医学研究生教育强调以学生为中心,以问题为中心,强调在循证医学的指导下,对来源于临床实践的具体问题进行凝练,并将目前所获得的最佳、与疾病相关的循证证据进行整合,最大限度地使患者受益。本文结合目前医学研究生培养体系的现状,针对其存在的主要问题进行了分析思考,提出在研究教育体系中积极推广PICOT（ P： population, I： intervention,C： comparator,O: outcome, T: time）原则的理解与解读,重视临床科研能力的培养,对现代医学研究生教育会起到积极的推动作用。（眼科,2013,22： 348-350）     

浅析眼科博士研究生临床带教能力的培养

眼科博士研究生的培养目标是成为该专业的高级专业人才,这需要从医疗、科研、教学全方位培养、提高其综合素质。目前,在实际培养过程中,常常重视临床实践和科研创新能力的培养,忽视教学能力的培养。根据我科博士研究生临床见习带教的效果,总结分析了培养其教学能力的体会。     

临床型研究生基础科研能力培养的必要性及模式探讨

临床型研究生科研意识薄弱、科研能力差是不争的事实。提高其科研能力是国家培养高素质临床医生的目标之一。为达到此目标,我们认为短期的基础科研培训与实践仍有其必要性。基于课题的基础研究可显著提高临床型研究生的科研思维及科研能力,是适合临床研究生实际情况的科研培养模式。本文将在以往基于课题培养眼科临床硕士研究生科研能力体会的基础上,探讨该模式的优点及局限性。（眼科,2014, 23： 354-356）     

眼科学研究生综合素质培养的初步探讨

在医学院校研究生招生规模不断扩大的趋势下,培养高质量、能适应多层次需要的医学研究生必须重视综合素质的培养。医学研究生不仅要了解所从事专业疾病的诊疗知识,还要具有严谨的科学态度和务实求真的创新精神,这就需要社会广泛注重其思想道德的教育、精神心理卫生的建设、实际操作能力的培养以及交互式知识网络的构建等全方位的综合教育,培养出实用的医教研一体的新世纪高级医学人才,使医学教育满足社会医学研究和患者的需要。我们结合我院眼科学教育的经验,就眼科学研究生素质教育作一初步探讨。     

The new clinical skills training module for the master's degree in ophthalmology

This article aims at the principle problems noticed in the process of training postgraduates in ophthalmology for clinical skills (POCs). Alteration of the training objectives and training curricula, as well as the clinical department training plans, will allow POCs to obtain a systematic and standardized education to establish their general attitude toward medical life and career plans. This will help to improve their clinical skills and establish professional ethics that will protect the interests of patients and promote the healthy and harmonious development of the Eye Hospital. Furthermore, the Ophthalmology Center could cultivate a number of outstanding postgraduate students that match its tier, to describe the quality of the training for the master's degree in Ophthalmology.     

葡萄膜炎专业硕士研究生培养的思考

眼科学是研究人类视觉器官疾病的发生、发展及其防治的专门学科,有着很强的专业特点,对从事本专业人员的科研和临床要求高。其中葡萄膜炎专业更为复杂,葡萄膜炎发病率和致盲率高,与全身系统关系密切。传统的“填鸭式”教学已经不适合当今社会对葡萄膜炎专业研究生的
　　培养需求,这就要求硕士研究生导师探索符合培养研究生实践能力和创新能力的新型教学模式。     

Sydney Eye Hospital.

This year, 1982, marks the centenary of the Sydney Eye Hospital, originally the ophthalmic department of the old Sydney Infirmary, which was founded with the settlement of the Colony in 1788. Established in 1882, the hospital was transferred to its present site 60 years ago, and it still provides ward accommodation. After alternating periods of stagnation and progress the new hospital (stage 1) was completed in 1974, with modern clinic and research facilities. It is now the largest eye hospital in the southern hemisphere and is a first-class referral centre with an annual attendance of 75,000. The Department of Ophthalmology, University of Sydney, is based at the hospital, providing undergraduate instruction and a comprehensive postgraduate training programme for Australian ophthalmologists and others in more distant continents.     

Visual impairment and associated risk factors in patients with diabetes mellitus in Tavush and Armavir provinces of Armenia

International Ophthalmology - Visual impairment (VI) and blindness remain serious public health problems among patients with diabetes. This study assessed the prevalence of VI and its associated...     

Tissue culture of human choroidal melanoma cells obtained by fine-needle aspiration biopsy

The optimal treatment of choroidal melanoma is controversial. Many patients are now being treated with nonenucleation therapies. Fine-needle aspiration biopsy of intraocular tumors may well prove to be safe; we used a needle biopsy technique on three freshly enucleated globes and established choroidal melanoma cell lines in culture from these specimens. This report describes our needle biopsy and tissue culture techniques.Presented in part at the Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology meeting, Sarasota, Florida, 6–10 May, 1985     

Royal Australian College of Ophthalmologists and Royal Australian College of General Practitioners National GP Eye Skills Workshops: colleges and divisions reskilling general practice

Purpose : Little formal eye skills training has historically been available to Australian general practitioners at undergraduate or postgraduate levels. The development of the National GP Eye Skills Workshop was a joint initiative of the Royal Australian Colleges of General Practice and Ophthalmology, to enhance the skills of Australian general practitioners in a range of important ocular examination and procedural areas. Methods : Workshops were run in eight Queensland Divisions of General Practice in 1998. Between two and 10 local ophthalmologists in each divisional area were involved either in the workshop programme or in the recruitment of patients for the patient assessment module. Workshops were run on weekends and included modules on vision testing and disease screening in children and adults, ophthalmoscopy, assessment for glaucoma and diabetic retinopathy, incision of chalazions, removal of corneal foreign bodies, ocular first aid, implementing eye assessment in busy general practice, and a patient assessment clinic. A questionnaire was administered which was comprised of sections relating to the format of the workshop, new skills and concepts learnt, learning exceptions, and perception of future ability to treat/scan/assess for eye conditions in general practice. The questionnaire was completed by 91% of participants. Results : Participants strongly supported the impact of the workshop on their ability to detect and treat eye problems in their practices, and refer where appropriate to an ophthalmologist. They also rated highly all individual aspects of the programme in terms of impact on their delivery of general practitioner eye care. Conclusions : The results illustrate the comprehensive success of the workshop programme in format, content, relevance and delivery.     

Eye examination in infants,children, and young adults by pediatricians: organizational principles to guide and define the child health care system and/or improve the health of all children

Early detection and prompt treatment of ocular disorders in children is important to avoid lifelong visual impairment. Examination of the eyes should be performed beginning in the newborn period and at all well-child visits. Newborns should be examined for ocular structural abnormalities, such as cataract, corneal opacity, and ptosis, which are known to result in visual problems. Vision assessment beginning at birth has been endorsed by the American Academy of Pediatrics, the American Association of Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus, and the American Academy of Ophthalmology. All children who are found to have an ocular abnormality or who fail vision assessment should be referred to a pediatric ophthalmologist or an eye care specialist appropriately trained to treat pediatric patients.