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Diabetes mellitus prevalence is increasing in South Asians but is stable in Chinese living in Singapore and Mauritius 下载免费PDF全文
Kristin H.X. Tan Elizabeth L.M. Barr Vira Koshkina Stefan Ma Sudhir Kowlessur Dianna J. Magliano Stefan Söderberg Kee Seng Chia Paul Zimmet Wei‐Yen Lim 《Journal of Diabetes》2017,9(9):855-864
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Maria Mota Simona Georgiana Popa Eugen Mota Adina Mitrea Doina Catrinoiu Dan Mircea Cheta Cristian Guja Nicolae Hancu Constantin Ionescu‐Tirgoviste Radu Lichiardopol Bogdan Mircea Mihai Amorin Remus Popa Cornelia Zetu Cornelia Gabriela Bala Gabriela Roman Cristian Serafinceanu Viorel Serban Romulus Timar Ioan Andrei Veresiu Adrian Radu Vlad 《Journal of Diabetes》2016,8(3):336-344
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Glycemic status and chronic kidney disease in Chinese adults: Findings from the REACTION study
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Lin Lin Jieli Lu Lulu Chen Yiming Mu Zhen Ye Chao Liu Gang Chen Lixin Shi Jiajun Zhao Qiang Li Tao Yang Li Yan Qin Wan Shengli Wu Yan Liu Guixia Wang Zuojie Luo Xulei Tang Yanan Huo Zhengnan Gao Qing Su Youmin Wang Guijun Qin Huacong Deng Xuefeng Yu Feixia Shen Li Chen Liebin Zhao Yu Xu Min Xu Kui Peng Rui Du Meng Dai Mian Li Tiange Wang Zhiyun Zhao Shenghan Lai Donghui Li Yufang Bi Weiqing Wang Guang Ning 《Journal of Diabetes》2017,9(9):837-845
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Anoop Misra Hema Gopalan Ranil Jayawardena Andrew P. Hills Mario Soares Alfredo A. Reza‐Albarrán Kaushik L. Ramaiya 《Journal of Diabetes》2019,11(7):522-539
There has been a rapid escalation of type 2 diabetes (T2D) in developing countries, with varied prevalence according to rural vs urban habitat and degree of urbanization. Some ethnic groups (eg, South Asians, other Asians, and Africans), develop diabetes a decade earlier and at a lower body mass index than Whites, have prominent abdominal obesity, and accelerated the conversion from prediabetes to diabetes. The burden of complications, both macro‐ and microvascular, is substantial, but also varies according to populations. The syndemics of diabetes with HIV or tuberculosis are prevalent in many developing countries and predispose to each other. Screening for diabetes in large populations living in diverse habitats may not be cost‐effective, but targeted high‐risk screening may have a place. The cost of diagnostic tests and scarcity of health manpower pose substantial hurdles in the diagnosis and monitoring of patients. Efforts for prevention remain rudimentary in most developing countries. The quality of care is largely poor; hence, a substantial number of patients do not achieve treatment goals. This is further amplified by a delay in seeking treatment, “fatalistic attitudes”, high cost and non‐availability of drugs and insulins. To counter these numerous challenges, a renewed political commitment and mandate for health promotion and disease prevention are urgently needed. Several low‐cost innovative approaches have been trialed with encouraging outcomes, including training and deployment of non‐medical allied health professionals and the use of mobile phones and telemedicine to deliver simple health messages for the prevention and management of T2D. 相似文献
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Endoscopic bariatric and metabolic therapies (EBMTs) have sparked significant interest as minimally invasive therapeutic options for weight loss. Although bariatric surgery remains an effective option for sustained weight loss and improvement in the metabolic syndrome, access and utilization are limited. Various EBMTs have been designed to emulate the physiologic effects of established surgical interventions, including space‐occupying and non‐space‐occupying gastric therapies, gastric remodeling procedures, and small bowel therapies. This review discusses the safety and efficacy of available US Food and Drug Administration‐approved minimally invasive endoscopic bariatric interventions, as well as those currently under investigation. In addition, the role of endoscopic revision after failed surgical intervention is discussed. 相似文献
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Lutz Heinemann John M. Beals James Malone James Anderson Jennie G. Jacobson Vikram Sinha Sheila M. Corrigan 《Journal of Diabetes》2019,11(4):292-300
The earliest marketed insulins were crude acidic formulations with concentrations of ≤10 units/mL. Since the early 1920s, insulins have improved continually, via bioengineering, process, and chemical modifications. Today, most insulin formulations have a concentration of 100 units/mL (U100). However, more concentrated insulin formulations (200, 300, and 500 units/mL; U200, U300, and U500, respectively) are also available. There is a tendency to assume that concentrated insulins are similar, both to each other and to their U100 counterparts, but this is not always the case: two concentrated insulins, namely insulin degludec U200 and insulin lispro U200, are bioequivalent to their U100 counterparts, whereas regular human insulin U500 and insulin glargine U300 are not. The advent of these concentrated insulins offers greater opportunities to provide tailored therapy for patients; it also introduces potential confusion, and highlights the need for prescriber and patient education. Precise and accurate dedicated insulin delivery devices are also necessary for the safe use of these concentrated insulins. Although some clinicians only use concentrated insulin with obese and severely insulin‐resistant patients, other patients would also benefit from the reduced injection volume associated with concentrated insulins, or the modified time‐action profile of some concentrated insulins. The aim of this review is to enhance understanding of the historic development and the safe and effective use of concentrated insulins in clinical practice. 相似文献
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Human herpesvirus 8 infection DNA positivity is associated with low insulin secretion: A case‐control study in a sub‐Saharan African population with diabetes 下载免费PDF全文
Eric Lontchi‐Yimagou Jérôme Legoff Jean‐Louis Nguewa Philippe Boudou Eric V. Balti Jean J. Noubiap Vicky Kamwa Barbara Atogho‐Tiedeu Marcel Azabji‐Kenfack Eric N. Djahmeni Martine Etoa Gaelle Lemdjo Vanessa Balla Mesmin Y. Dehayem Fabienne Foufelle Jean‐Claude Mbanya Jean‐Francois Gautier Eugene Sobngwi 《Journal of Diabetes》2018,10(11):866-873
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Hypoglycemia is a frequent occurrence in patients with diabetes who are treated with insulin and insulin secretagogues. Hypoglycemia is the limiting factor that prevents patients from achieving the glycemic control known to reduce the microvascular complications of diabetes. Recurrent episodes of hypoglycemia can lead to impaired awareness of hypoglycemia where the first symptom of a low blood sugar is unconsciousness. The fear of hypoglycemia has a significant effect on the quality of life of patients and their families. In the acute setting, hypoglycemia can kill, and clinical trials have demonstrated that a single episode of severe hypoglycemia increases the risk of subsequent mortality and cardiovascular events. Clinicians must make efforts to recognize and prevent hypoglycemia in order to prevent the adverse events associated with this event. Patient education is central to these efforts. Recent developments in glucose monitoring and drug development have provided more approaches that can be used to reduce the risk of hypoglycemia in patients with diabetes. 相似文献
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Prevalence of and risk factors for diabetic ketosis in Chinese diabetic patients with random blood glucose levels >13.9 mmol/L: Results from the CHina study in prEvalence of diabetiC Ketosis (CHECK) study 下载免费PDF全文
Leili Gao Yufeng Li Dadong Fei Li Ma Shuchun Chen Bo Feng Qing Su Linong Ji 《Journal of Diabetes》2018,10(3):249-255
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Lance A. Sloan 《Journal of Diabetes》2019,11(12):938-948
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is the most common cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD), and when it causes CKD it is collectively referred to as diabetic kidney disease. One of the newer therapies for managing hyperglycemia is the glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonist (GLP‐1RA) drug class. This review summarizes the effects of GLP‐1RAs in patients with T2DM with CKD and evidence for renoprotection with GLP‐1RAs using data from observational studies, prospective clinical trials, post hoc analyses, and meta‐analyses. Evidence from some preclinical studies was also reviewed. Taken together, subgroup analyses of patients with varying degrees of renal function demonstrated that glycemic control with GLP‐1RAs was not markedly less effective in patients with mild or moderate renal impairment vs that in patients with normal function. GLP‐1RAs were associated with improvements in some cardiorenal risk factors, including systolic blood pressure and body weight. Furthermore, several large cardiovascular outcome studies showed reduced risks of composite renal outcomes, mostly driven by a reduction in macroalbuminuria, suggesting potential renoprotective effects of GLP‐1RAs. In conclusion, GLP‐1RAs effectively reduced hyperglycemia in patients with mild or moderately impaired kidney function in the limited number of studies to date. GLP‐1RAs may be considered in combination with other glucose‐lowering medications because of their ability to lower glucose in a glucose‐dependent manner, lowering their risk for hypoglycemia, while improving some cardiorenal risk factors. Potential renoprotective effects of GLP‐1RAs, and their renal mechanisms of action, warrant further investigation. 相似文献