内镜黏膜切除术治疗结肠广基息肉临床疗效分析

目的分析结肠息肉的临床病理特点以及应用内镜黏膜切除术治疗结肠广基息肉的有效性和安全性。方法收集我院2012年8月到2014年1月由结肠镜诊断经内镜黏膜切除术(EMR)进行息肉切除的324例结肠息肉患者的临床资料,所切除息肉均符合EMR指征。观察手术并发症、处理措施和术后病理结果,分析EMR治疗结肠息肉的完整切除率、并发症发生率及复发率。结果共切除463枚息肉,直径6~45 mm,大于20 mm的息肉共65枚;息肉最易发生部位为直肠;病理类型以管状腺瘤最为多见。除2例不完全切除外均完整切除,标本完整切除率为99.6%。术中及术后并发症发生率2.6%,其中消化道出血7例(1.5%),以腹痛为主要表现的息肉切除术后综合征5例(1.1%),无消化道穿孔。直径大于20 mm的息肉EMR术后12个月复查肠镜,无复发。结论采用EMR治疗即使是直径大于20 mm的结肠息肉也是安全、有效的首选方法。     

内镜下黏膜切除术和内镜黏膜下剥离术治疗直肠类癌的对照研究

目的 评估内镜下黏膜切除术(EMR)和内镜黏膜下剥离术(ESD)治疗直肠类癌的有效性及安全性.方法 回顾性总结24例26处EMR治疗(EMR组)和19例20处ESD治疗(ESD组)的直肠类癌患者的临床资料,对比分析两组在病灶大小、手术时间、病灶整块切除率、组织病理学治愈性切除率、并发症及随访结果方面的差异.结果 ESD组术前超声内镜测量的直径大小为(7.4 ±5.3)mm,明显大于EMR组的(5.6 ±2.1)mm(P ＜0.05);ESD组手术时间为(32.6±10.5)min,明显长于EMR组的(8.9±6.3)min(P ＜0.05);EMR组和ESD组病灶均一次性完整切除,整块切除率均为100.0％;EMR组的组织病理学治愈性切除率为100.0％(26/26),略高于ESD组的95.0％ (19/20) (P＞0.05);EMR术后出血、穿孔并发症发生率为15.3％ (4/26),明显高于ESD组的5.0％ (1/20) (P＜0.05);两组在术后复查随访,均未发现局部复发.结论 对于直径小于7 mm的病灶应用EMR方法可以有效完整地切除病灶,并缩短手术时间;而对于直径大于7 mm和经过多次活检或局部切除后内镜下注射抬举征阴性的病灶,采取ESD的手术方式,方能得到比较满意的治疗效果.     

EMR法治疗消化道难治性息肉32例的疗效观察

目的分析内镜黏膜切除术（EMR）治疗消化道难治性息肉的临床资料。方法选取我院2009年5月至2013年5月32例消化道难治性息肉患者采用EMR进行息肉切除治疗为观察组,选取同期32例难治性息肉患者进行普通的内镜下高频电切除术治疗作为对照组,两组标本送病理检查,观察疗效、近期及远期并发症和内镜随访。结果观察组所有病例均一次性完成切除,切除成功率100％,1例术后出血,经内镜下止血后好转,无穿孔等严重并发症。随访3个月至2年未见息肉复发。对照组27例患者一次性完成切除,切除率84．38％,5例术后出血,经内镜下止血后好转,随访3个月至2年2例息肉患者复发。由此,观察组切除率明显高于对照组,P〈0．05,并发症少于对照组,P〈0．05,差异显著具有统计意义。结论EMR是治疗消化道难治性息肉安全、有效的方法,同时可提供较为完整的病理标本。     

内镜黏膜切除术在诊治老年结直肠广基隆起性病变患者中的价值

目的评价内镜黏膜切除术(EMR)在诊治老年结直肠广基隆起性病变患者中的临床价值。方法入选2015年1月至2017年1月经广州市中西医结合医院内镜室结肠镜检出的广基隆起性病变患者78例,年龄50～78(63.4±9.2)岁。通过EMR切除病灶,术中记录病变大小、形态以及手术操作方法、并发症、病理类型等信息。至少随访3个月。结果72例病变均予标准EMR切除,3例Ⅱa+Ⅱc病变及3例LST病变予EPMR切除。术中出血8例,出血量均20 ml。所有患者术后均无迟发性出血及穿孔发生;所有病变一次性整块切除率为92.3%(72/78),组织治愈性切除率91.0%(71/78)。术后病理提示增生性息肉8例(10.3%),管状腺瘤或管状绒毛状腺瘤伴低级别上皮内瘤变(LGD)58例(74.3%),管状腺瘤或管状绒毛状腺瘤伴高级别上皮内瘤变(HGD)10例(12.8%),黏膜下癌2例(2.6%)。共随访68例患者,中位随访时间12(3～24)个月,均未见复发。结论EMR诊治老年结直肠广基隆起性病变患者安全、有效,值得推广。     

改良型水辅助结肠镜下结直肠息肉黏膜切除术的临床应用研究

背景内镜黏膜切除术(endoscopic mucosal resection, EMR)广泛用于结直肠息肉切除,但其黏膜下注射可延展病灶,使之难以被圈套器套入.注水内镜黏膜切除术(underwaterendoscopicmucosalresection,UEMR)需吸气后以水浸没息肉,有时影响息肉暴露.改良型UEMR将EMR与UEMR优点合二为一,有利于息肉整块切除.目的探讨改良型UEMR提高结直肠息肉整块切除率、减少复发率和并发症的可行性及效果.方法选取2015-07/2019-06在我院内镜科行改良型UEMR治疗的59例结直肠息肉及同期行UEMR治疗43例的结直肠息肉患者为研究对象,改良型UEMR治疗的59例研究组共发现76个病灶, UEMR治疗的43例对照组共发现65个病灶.巴黎分型均为(Is、Ⅱ),息肉大小在1cm直径3cm.手术方式:退镜观察发现息肉后向肠腔内注入温生理盐水,完全浸泡息肉,将息肉置于6点钟方向,黏膜下注射美兰抬起病灶,采用合适的圈套器予以电切除,创面视病灶大小给予钛夹夹闭,切除的标本结晶紫染色后送病理.结果59例研究组的患者均成功完成改良型UEMR,76例息肉中64例息肉2cm,均行整块切除;12例息肉2-3cm有5例整片切除,7例行注水分片粘膜切除术(underwaterendoscopicpiecemealmuscosalresection,UEPMR).研究组总整块切除率为91%,2cm整块切除率为100%, 2-3 cm整块切除率为42%. 43例对照组的患者也均成功完成UEMR, 65例息肉中58例息肉2cm,其中49例患者一次性切除,9例出现息肉残留追加氩等离子体血浆凝固术(argon plasma coagulation,APC)治疗;7例息肉大小2-3cm,有2例整片切除,1例出现息肉残留追加APC治疗,另外5例行UEPMR或转内镜黏膜下剥离术切除.对照组整块切除率为76%,2cm整块切除率为84%,2-3cm整块切除率为14%.改良型UEMR研究组有9例患者术中出现少量渗血,UEMR对照组中13例患者术中出现出血,采用热活检钳烧灼或钛夹钳夹止血.两组术后均未发生迟发性出血、穿孔等并发症.随访期间研究组发现2例切除部位息肉复发,均为分片切除术后,对照组UEMR有9例切除部位息肉复发.结论改良型UEMR使用水中注射液体垫不仅可以清晰暴露息肉大小边界,选择合适的圈套器,达到整块切除.同时液体垫垫高息肉,水中间断性吸引可以使圈套器更完整套住息肉的根部,相对于UEMR,改良型UEMR是结直肠息肉安全、有效的治疗方法,完整切除率高、复发率低,应用效果良好,值得临床推广.     

内镜下黏膜切除术治疗消化道难治性息肉的疗效分析

[目的]分析比较内镜黏膜切除术(EMR)与单纯高频电切术治疗消化道难治性息肉的临床疗效和安全性。[方法]入选80例(139枚)难治性消化道息肉患者,按照息肉切除方式,分成EMR组38例(67枚)和电切组42例(72枚),观察2组治疗术中、术后并发症及处理情况。[结果]EMR组完整切除率为97.4%,显著高于电切组的76.1%;而电切组总并发症发生率35.7%明显高于EMR组的10.5%(P0.05)。[结论]消化道难治性息肉行EMR治疗与传统单纯高频电切术治疗比较,具有操作简便、并发症少等特点,是一种安全有效的微创内镜治疗手段。     

肠镜下结肠巨大息肉切除155例临床分析

目的探讨肠镜下结肠巨大息肉切除的临床可行性及操作要点。方法回顾性分析1999年5月至2006年5月在解放军第211医院消化科经电子肠镜检查发现直径>2cm结肠巨大息肉患者155例(171枚息肉)的临床资料。结果171枚息肉中经内镜黏膜切除(EMR)103枚(整块切除89枚,分2块切除14枚),均为1次肠镜完成。68枚带蒂息肉行高频电圈套切除17枚,采用银夹加高频电圈套切除33枚,行尼龙套扎加电凝电切18枚。并发症:即时出血量<20mL者5例;20~50mL者3例。1例创面距直肠7cm处息肉,切除24h后迟发出血300mL,经及时处理后止血。结论结肠巨大息肉可以经内镜切除,在超声微探头辅助下依息肉形态采用不同的切除方法。     

ESD联合EMR治疗较大大肠侧向发育型肿瘤9例诊治体会

目的探讨内镜下ESD联合EMR治疗大肠侧向发育型肿瘤(LST)的效果和安全性。方法纳入我院确诊为LST的患者9例(9处病灶),并记录病灶的部位、大小、形态,内镜下分型,所有病灶均分两步完成切除:①首先将病灶与周边正常黏膜环形切开分离,必要时逐步剥离(ESD)病灶至其直径小于圈套器直径;②再行内镜下黏膜切除术(EMR)圈套切除整个病灶。结果①9例患者均于内镜下完成整块切除,切除时间为(45±12)min,2例发生术中出血,均于内镜下止血,术中术后无其他并发症发生;②术后病理结果显示9例患者均完整切除,2例为管状腺瘤,2例为绒毛状腺瘤,5例为绒毛状管状腺瘤(其中1例伴局部癌变,但基底部无癌残留);6个月后内镜随访结果显示病灶切除处均完全愈合,未有复发。结论 ESD联合EMR在治疗大肠侧向发育型肿瘤中可做为一种选择方法。     

静脉麻醉内镜下黏膜切除术的疗效观察

[目的]观察静脉麻醉内镜下黏膜切除术(EMR)的疗效.[方法]对经超声内镜检查确诊未侵犯黏膜下层的40例消化道隆起和平坦型病变进行静脉麻醉EMR,术后所有病例均留标本再次行病理检查,并内镜随访.[结果]40例均完全切除,无一例出现大出血、迟发出血、穿孔等不良并发症,术后1、3、6、12个月复查内镜,除2例肠息肉患者息肉复发再次给予EMR治疗外,余患者未见病灶残留或复发.[结论]EMR是安全、有效、简便实用的,配合静脉麻醉效果更好,适用范围更大,值得临床推广.     

内镜黏膜切除术治疗大肠广基大息肉

目的探讨内镜黏膜切除术(EMR)对肠道广基大息肉样病变的治疗价值。方法采用结肠镜下大肠黏膜切除术治疗135例共157个结直肠广基大息肉。病灶黏膜下注射肾上腺素生理盐水后,一次圈套整块切除或分次圈套切除病变,回收全部标本送病理检查,术后结肠镜随访。结果全部息肉EMR一次切除,除3个位于直肠黏膜下的病灶小于1 cm外,其余均大于1.5 cm,最大的13 cm×12 cm,无手术并发症。术后病理:腺瘤123个,其中有异型增生80个;黏膜内癌11个;增生性息肉20个;直肠类癌3个。随访中,有2例大于7 cm的直肠腺瘤分别于术后1个月及3个月复查时复发,均给予热活检钳完整钳除,病理分别为增生性息肉和绒毛状腺瘤,再复查6-12个月无复发。结论EMR是治疗大肠癌前病变及黏膜内癌安全、有效的方法。     

EUS may have limited impact on the endoscopic management of gastric carcinoids

Summary Background. Carcinoids are occasionally found during gastroscopy. Endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) can determine the depth of invasion and vascularity of submucosal tumors, including carcinoid tumors. Thus, EUS can lead to an informed decision as to whether to attempt endoscopic or surgical excision of a carcinoid. The three cases described here were found by EUS to be amenable to endoscopic resection of submucosal carcinoid tumors. In each case, the margin of the specimen obtained led to uncertainty regarding the completeness of gastroscopic excision of the tumor. Guidelines for follow-up of gastric carcinoid are few. The incompleteness of endoscopic resection of submucosal tumors, with tumor found at the specimen margin, indicates that careful follow-up and/or consideration of other means of excision are indicated.     

Endoscopic Mucosal Resection (EMR) of Early Gastric Cancer

Abstract: We conducted this study to clarify the effectiveness of aspiration endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) using a cap-fitted scope for early gastric cancer in the C and M regions of the stomach. EMR was performed in 111 early gastric cancer patients with 123 lesions in the C and M regions. The patients were divided into three groups. The EMR-1CS group consisted of patients who had undergone EMR with a one-channeled scope, the EMR-2CS group those who had received EMR in which a two-channeled scope was utilized. The EMRC group consisted of patients who had undergone aspiration EMR with a cap-fitted scope. The rate of complete resection improved to a statistically significant degree in the EMRC group in comparison with that in the EMR-1CS group. In type lie, a statistically significant improvement was achieved in the EMRC group in comparison with the EMR-2CS group. In the M region or in lesions 10 mm or less in diameter, the rate of complete resection improved in the EMRC group as compared with that in the EMR-2CS group. Our results suggest that EMRC is useful for lesions of early gastric cancer in the C and M regions.     

Endoscopic Mucosal Resection of Early Esophageal Cancers: Our Method

Though endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) may provide definitive treatment for selected cases of early esophageal carcinoma, the standard method has not been determined yet. There have been several EMR techniques so far developed, including strip biopsy, EMR using a cap, Makuuchi tube method, etc. The selection of EMR method largely depends on personal experience and preference of an endoscopist. Here we present our EMR method along with its advantages and disadvantages. With the extension of indications, more cases of early esophageal cancer will be treated by EMR. Since only long‐term results tell what the ideal EMR method is, well‐designed comparative studies are necessary in the future to establish a standard method.     

A STUDY OF PHYSICAL EFFICACY OF DIFFERENT SNARES FOR ENDOSCOPIC MUCOSAL RESECTION

There are various types of snares for endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR). Some endoscopists may choose the snare according to their feeling, but we supposed that there were some physical reasons behind each choice. In this paper, we raise the questions, ‘What is the best snare chosen for EMR?’, and ‘Why do we have to do it?’. From the theory of dynamics, we thought that the most important element was vertical force, which we could add against mucosa through the snare. First, we made two situations; one was keeping horizontal faced position of loop of snare (we defined it as HPW; horizontal faced position weight), and the other was rising up position of it (we defined it as RPW). We inspected these forces for the representative and different seven snares, and calculated the ‘Effective Range’, which was a RPW minus a HPW in average. The results demonstrated that both the spiral snare and the smaller ‘Snare Master’ showed higher than other snares in HPW, RPW, and the Effective Range. Based on our study, we judged them as the most adequate snares for EMR in physics and logicality.     

Low-grade dysplasia in an adenomatous polyp of the esophagus developing on pyloric-type heterotopic gastric mucosa treated with endoscopic mucosal resection: a case report

A 72-year-old woman with an unremarkable medical history underwent an upper gastrointestinal endoscopy in May 2002 because of dyspepsia. An examination showed a pedunculated polyp lesion in an inlet patch on the posterior wall of the esophagus, 20 cm distant from the incisors and measuring 1.5 cm. Forceps biopsies were obtained, and the pathological analysis showed a gastric-like mucosa with well-differentiated pyloric glands below an atrophic squamous epithelium; most of the glands were lined with atypical cells, compatible with low-grade dysplasia. Histological examination after endoscopic removal showed a low-grade dysplasia in an adenomatous polyp of the esophagus developing on pyloric-type heterotopic gastric mucosa (HGM). Three years later, the patient remains well with no evidence of esophageal disease. We review 25 reported cases of adenocarcinoma and 3 cases of high-grade dysplasia arising in HGM.