复方奥硝唑壳聚糖阴道生物黏附膜的制备及质量控制

摘 要 目的:制备复方奥硝唑壳聚糖阴道生物黏附膜并建立其质量控制方法。方法: 以奥硝唑、盐酸环丙沙星为主药制备复方奥硝唑壳聚糖阴道生物黏附膜,采用高效液相色谱法测定其中主药的含量。结果:所制制剂为半透明淡黄色薄膜,鉴别、检查项均符合2010年版《中国药典》中的相关规定;盐酸环丙沙星、奥硝唑分别在27～540 mg·L^-1 （r=0.999 9）,26.5～530 mg·L^-1 （r=0.999 9）范围内呈良好线性关系,方法的平均回收率：盐酸环丙沙星为99.52%,RSD为1.0%;奥硝唑为97.98%,RSD为0.41%。结论:本制剂制备工艺简便可行,质量稳定可控。     

UHPLC测定芎菊上清丸中9种成分含量及化学模式分析

目的 建立UHPLC波长切换法同时测定芎菊上清丸中9种成分的含量方法。方法 采用Agilent Ecilipse C₁₈（2.1 mm×100 mm,1.6 μm）色谱柱,流动相：甲醇-0.05%磷酸水溶液,梯度洗脱;流速为0.3 mL·min^-1;检测波长：327,237,320,345,278,254 nm;柱温30℃;进样量2 μL;并采用SPSS 22.0统计软件对含量测定结果进行主成分分析与聚类分析。结果 绿原酸、3,5-二咖啡酰奎宁酸、栀子苷、甘草苷、阿魏酸、盐酸小檗碱、黄芩苷、升麻素苷、5-O-甲基维斯阿米醇苷线性范围分别为4.30~68.80 μg·mL^-1（r=0.999 0）、6.66~106.56 μg·mL^-1（r=0.999 2）、7.67~122.72 μg·mL^-1（r=0.999 4）、4.88~78.08 μg·mL^-1（r=0.999 1）、2.37~37.92 μg·mL^-1（r=0.999 1）、6.50~103.92 μg·mL^-1（r=0.999 2）、8.85~141.60 μg·mL^-1（r=0.999 4）、0.88~14.08 μg·mL^-1（r=0.999 7）、0.74~11.92 μg·mL^-1（r=0.999 3）;平均加样回收率（n=9）均在99.42%~103.10%,RSD均<2.0%。主成分分析与聚类分析均可将不同生产厂家的芎菊上清丸很好地分类,且分类结果一致。结论 所建立的多成分方法快捷、准确、重复性好,可用于芎菊上清丸的质量控制。     

HPLC法测定肝素钠注射液中6种抑菌剂

目的 建立高效液相色谱（HPLC）法同时测定肝素钠注射液中苯酚、苯甲醇、三氯叔丁醇、羟苯甲酯、羟苯乙酯、羟苯丙酯6种抑菌剂。方法 采用Agilent Zorbax SB-C₁₈（4.6 mm×250 mm,5 μm）色谱柱,流动相A为水,流动相B为甲醇,梯度洗脱,流速为1.0 mL·min^-1,检测波长为220 nm及256 nm,柱温30 ℃。结果 苯酚、苯甲醇、羟苯甲酯、羟苯乙酯、三氯叔丁醇、羟苯丙酯分别在25.00~400.06 μg·mL^-1（r=1.000 0）、104.49~1 671.88 μg·mL^-1（r=0.999 9）、30.65~490.4 μg·mL^-1（r=0.999 9）、5.36~85.81 μg·mL^-1（r=0.999 9）、49.60~793.54 μg·mL^-1（r=0.999 9）、5.03~80.45 μg·mL^-1（r=1.000 0）内线性关系良好,平均回收率分别为100.3%、99.7%、99.8%、100.0%、99.4%和100.1%,RSD分别为1.0%、1.2%、1.3%、1.4%、1.4%和1.4%（n=9）。结论 方法准确,重现性好,结果可靠,可用于肝素钠注射液中6种抑菌剂的测定。     

HPLC-DAD同时测定益心通胶囊中6种活性成分的含量

目的 建立HPLC同时测定益心通胶囊中葛根素、龙胆苦苷、阿魏酸、毛蕊花糖苷、丹酚酸B和丹皮酚6种活性成分含量的方法。方法 采用XSELECT^TM HSS C₁₈色谱柱,流动相为乙腈（A）-0.2%磷酸水溶液（B）,梯度洗脱;柱温：30℃;流速：1.0 mL·min^-1;检测波长：阿魏酸、毛蕊花糖苷和丹酚酸B为220 nm,葛根素为250 nm,龙胆苦苷和丹皮酚为275 nm。结果 葛根素、龙胆苦苷、阿魏酸、毛蕊花糖苷、丹酚酸B和丹皮酚的线性范围分别为7.56~113.4 μg·mL^-1（r=0.999 8）,4.36~65.4μg·mL^-1（r=0.999 7）,1.18~17.7 μg·mL^-1（r=0.999 3）,1.90~28.5 μg·mL^-1（r=0.999 4）,4.48~67.2 μg·mL^-1（r=0.999 3）和11.7~175.5 μg·mL^-1（r=0.999 7）,平均加样回收率分别为98.7%,97.8%,97.6%,98.6%,99.0%,98.7%,RSD分别为1.0%,1.3%,1.4%,1.1%,1.2%,1.3%。结论 本法专属性强,结果准确,重现性好,可用于益心通胶囊的质量控制。     

HPLC波长切换法同时测定心神安胶囊中9种成分的含量

目的 建立HPLC波长切换法同时测定心神安胶囊中9种成分的含量。方法 采用Agilent Eclipse XDB-C₁₈色谱柱,流动相乙腈（A）-0.1%甲酸溶液（B）,梯度洗脱;流速0.9 mL·min^-1;检测波长分别为320 nm[检测远志（口山）酮Ⅲ、3,6''-二芥子酰基蔗糖]、203 nm （检测人参皂苷Rb₁、绞股蓝皂苷XLIX、绞股蓝皂苷XVⅡ）和254 nm （检测毛蕊异黄酮葡萄糖苷、芒柄花苷、毛蕊异黄酮、芒柄花素）;柱温25℃。结果 远志（口山）酮Ⅲ、3,6''-二芥子酰基蔗糖、人参皂苷Rb₁、绞股蓝皂苷XLIX、绞股蓝皂苷XVⅡ、毛蕊异黄酮葡萄糖苷、芒柄花苷、毛蕊异黄酮、芒柄花素分别在2.070~41.40 μg·mL^-1（r=0.999 2）、3.860~77.20 μg·mL^-1（r=0.999 6）、11.29~225.8 μg·mL^-1（r=0.999 8）、5.070~101.4 μg·mL^-1（r=0.999 9）、19.86~397.2 μg·mL^-1（r=0.999 5）、1.280~25.60 μg·mL^-1（r=0.999 1）、0.960 0~19.20 μg·mL^-1（r=0.999 3）、0.670 0~13.40 μg·mL^-1（r=0.999 7）、2.580~51.60 μg·mL^-1（r=0.999 1）内线性关系良好,平均回收率分别为98.04%,99.26%,99.05%,97.42%,100.0%,98.27%,97.81%,96.84%和99.86%,RSD分别为1.28%,0.82%,1.43%,1.43%,0.86%,1.26%,1.38%,1.16%和0.69%。结论 本方法操作简便、准确、重复性好,能够对心神安胶囊中9种成分进行同时含量测定,为提高和完善心神安胶囊的质量标准提供了有效方法。     

HPLC波长切换联合梯度洗脱法同时测定参苏宣肺丸中的6种成分

目的 建立HPLC波长切换联合梯度洗脱法同时测定参苏宣肺丸中咖啡酸、迷迭香酸、3’-羟基葛根素、葛根素、3’-甲氧基葛根素、大豆苷的含量。方法 采用ZOBAX SB-C₁₈色谱柱（4.6 mm×250 mm,5 μm）;流动相A为甲醇-乙腈（1：1）,流动相B为0.1%冰醋酸溶液,进行梯度洗脱;流速为1.0 mL·min^-1;咖啡酸和迷迭香酸的检测波长为320 nm,3’-羟基葛根素、葛根素、3’-甲氧基葛根素和大豆苷的检测波长为250 nm;进样量为20 μL。结果 咖啡酸、迷迭香酸、3’-羟基葛根素、葛根素、3’-甲氧基葛根素、大豆苷的浓度与峰面积分别在2.32~46.40 μg·mL^-1（r=0.999 8）、3.06~61.20 μg·mL^-1（r=0.999 5）、4.45~89.00 μg·mL^-1（r=0.999 9）、14.48~289.60 μg·mL^-1（r=0.999 9）、4.86~97.20 μg·mL^-1（r=0.999 7）、3.69~73.80 μg·mL^-1（r=0.999 6）内具有较好的线性关系,平均加样回收率和相应的RSD分别为99.0%（1.6%）,97.5%（0.6%）,99.3%（0.9%）,98.6%（1.3%）,97.6%（1.3%）,97.0%（0.9%）。结论 方法操作准确、简便,可用于参苏宣肺丸的质量控制。     

UPLC同时测定大血藤中6种成分含量

目的 建立超高效液相色谱（UPLC）同时测定大血藤提取物中原儿茶酸、红景天苷、丁香酸葡萄糖苷、绿原酸、原花青素B2、表儿茶素6种成分含量的方法。方法 采用超高效液相色谱（UPLC）对大血藤化学成分进行定量分析,色谱柱：（4.6 mm×1 000 mm,1.8 µm）,流动相：乙腈（A）-0.1%甲酸水（B）梯度洗脱,流速：0.2 mL·min^-1,柱温：40 ℃,检测波长：260、275和330 nm,进样量：5 µL。结果 大血藤中6种成分原儿茶酸、红景天苷、丁香酸葡萄糖苷、绿原酸、原花青素B2、表儿茶素分别在0.53~26.5（r=0.999 7）,1.66~83.0（r=0.999 5）,2.04~102.0（r=0.999 6）,10.00~500.0（r=0.999 9）,2.280~114.0（r=0.999 8）,1.320~66.00（r=0.999 9）μg·mL^-1范围内与峰面积呈良好的线性关系;并且原儿茶酸、红景天苷、丁香酸葡萄糖苷、绿原酸、原花青素B2、表儿茶素平均加样回收率分别为96.99%、98.16%、96.55%、98.03%、97.85%和99.14%,RSD范围分别是1.9%、2.3%、2.7%、2.4%、2.5%和2.5%。结论 本试验建立的超高效液相色谱法同时测定大血藤6种成分定量分析方法速度快、稳定、准确,可以为大血藤药材的质量控制提供新的技术方法。     

HPLC法测定妥布霉素滴眼液中5种抑菌剂

目的 建立同时测定妥布霉素滴眼液中5种抑菌剂(羟苯乙酯、硫柳汞、羟苯丙酯、苯扎溴铵和苯扎氯铵)的HPLC方法。方法 采用Agilent Zorbax SB-C₁₈ (4.6 mm×150 mm,5 μm)色谱柱,流动相A为1%三乙胺（磷酸调节pH值至3.5±0.05）;流动相B为甲醇,梯度洗脱,流速为1.0 mL·min^-1,柱温35 ℃,检测波长为214 nm。结果 羟苯乙酯、硫柳汞、羟苯丙酯、苯扎溴铵/苯扎氯铵各峰均分离良好;羟苯乙酯在0.77～192.5 μg·mL-1范围内线性关系良好(r=0.999 5),平均回收率为100.0%(RSD=0.9%,n=9);硫柳汞在2.16～541.0 μg·mL^-1范围内线性关系良好(r=0.999 7),平均回收率为100.1%(RSD=0.6%,n=9);羟苯丙酯在0.84～209.8 μg·mL^-1范围内线性关系良好(r=1.000 0),平均回收率为100.3%(RSD=1.0%,n=9);苯扎溴铵在4.36～1090 μg·mL^-1范围内线性关系良好(r=0.9992),平均回收率为100.2%(RSD=0.5%,n=9);苯扎氯铵（n-C12H25）3.22～805.0 μg·mL^-1范围内线性关系良好(r=0.999 8),平均回收率为100.1%(RSD=1.1%,n=9);苯扎氯铵（n-C14H29）1.66～413.9 μg·mL^-1范围内线性关系良好(r=1.000 0),平均回收率为100.1%(RSD=0.6%,n=9)。结论 该方法准确、灵敏、简便,可用于妥布霉素滴眼液中羟苯乙酯、硫柳汞、羟丙丙酯、苯扎溴铵及苯扎氯铵5种抑菌剂的检查。     

HPLC双波长法同时测定炎热清片中6种有效成分的含量

目的 建立HPLC双波长法同时测定炎热清片中龙胆苦苷、栀子苷、芒果苷、黄芩苷、黄芩素和汉黄芩素6种成分的含量。方法 采用Agilent TC-C₁₈色谱柱（4.6 mm×250 mm,5 μm）,流动相为甲醇∶0.2%磷酸水溶液（梯度洗脱）,柱温为35℃,流速为1.0 mL·min^-1,检测波长0~20 min为254 nm,同时检测龙胆苦苷、栀子苷、芒果苷,20~50 min为280 nm,同时检测黄芩苷、黄芩素、汉黄芩素。结果 龙胆苦苷、栀子苷、芒果苷、黄芩苷、黄芩素、汉黄芩素分别在18.92~189.2 ng（r=0.999 9）,107.44~1 074.4 ng（r=0.999 9）,9.82~98.2 ng（r=0.999 9）,767.68~7 676.8 ng（r=1.000 0）,100.94~1 009.4 ng（r=0.999 9）,49.84~498.4 ng（r=0.999 9）线性良好,平均回收率（n=9）分别为98.31%,98.35%,98.40%,98.03%,98.46%,98.24%,RSD分别为0.4%,0.3%,0.3%,0.4%,0.4%,0.3%。结论 该方法灵敏、简便、准确,可用于炎热清片的质量控制。     

UPLC同时测定清热止咳颗粒中7种黄酮类成分含量

目的 建立同时测定清热止咳颗粒中芸香柚皮苷、柚皮苷、橙皮苷、新橙皮苷、黄芩苷、木蝴蝶素A-7-葡萄糖醛酸苷、汉黄芩苷含量的方法。方法 采用超高效液相色谱法。采用ACQUITY UPLC BEH C₁₈色谱柱（2.1 mm×100 mm,1.7 μm）,流动相乙腈-0.1%甲酸水溶液(梯度洗脱) ,流速0.3 mL·min^-1,检测波长280 nm,柱温30 ℃。结果 芸香柚皮苷、柚皮苷、橙皮苷、新橙皮苷、黄芩苷、木蝴蝶素A-7-葡萄糖醛酸苷、汉黄芩苷分别在0.324～6.480（r=0.999 9）,1.337～26.75（r=0.999 7）,0.687～13.80（r=0.999 6）,1.347～26.95（r=0.999 8）,2.770～55.40（r=0.999 2）,0.330～6.600（r=0.999 8）,0.242～4.840（r=0.999 6）μg·mL^-1范围内与峰面积呈良好的线性关系;并且芸香柚皮苷、柚皮苷、橙皮苷、新橙皮苷、黄芩苷、木蝴蝶素A-7-葡萄糖醛酸苷、汉黄芩苷平均加样回收率分别为99.41%、101.80%、99.42%、98.47%、101.71%,102.27%和97.64%,RSD范围分别是2.32%、1.69%、2.38%、2.45%、1.24%、1.77%和1.91%。结论 建立的超高效液相色谱(UPLC)方法操作简便、稳定、准确且可行,可用于清热止咳颗粒的质量控制。     

EFFECT OF POLICOSANOL SUCCESSIVE DOSE INCREASES ON PLATELET AGGREGATION IN HEALTHY VOLUNTEERS

Policosanol is a cholesterol-lowering drug with hypocholesterolemic effects demonstrated in experimental models, healthy volunteers and type II hypercholesterolemic patients. In addition, antiplatelet effects of policosanol have been shown in experimental models and healthy volunteers. The effect of successively increasing doses of policosanol on platelet aggregation was investigated in a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study conducted in 37 healthy volunteers. The volunteers were on a placebo-baseline period (two tablets per day) for 7 days and thereafter they received randomly, under double-blind conditions, placebo or policosanol (10mgday⁻¹) for 7 days. After this period dosage was doubled to 20mgday⁻¹for the next 7 days and then again doubled to 40mgday⁻¹, while the control group received placebo tablets all the time. Platelet aggregation as well as coagulation time was measured at baseline and after each dosing step. Results showed that antiplatelet effects of policosanol were successfully enhanced throughout the study, thus suggesting a dose-dependent relationship. No significant effect was reached during the first dosing period, but significant reductions of epinephrine and ADP-induced platelet aggregation were observed after the second one. Finally, a significant inhibition of platelet aggregation induced by all the agonists was observed at the last dosing step. Coagulation time remained unchanged during the trial.     

Synthesis and evaluation of 2,6-piperidinedione derivatives as potentially novel compounds with analgesic and other CNS activities

New 2,6-piperidinediones 2_a–g and 4_a–d were prepared by initial condensation of aromatic aldehydes or cycloalkanones with cyanoacetamide to give α-cyanocinnamides l_a–g or cycloalkylidenes 3_a,b which underwent Michae1 addition with ethyl cyanoacetate or diethylmalonate. Compounds 4_a–d were alkylated by various alkyl halides to produce the N-alkylated 2,6-piperidinedione derivatives 5_a–m. Some new selected compounds 2_a–c,f, 4_a–d & 5_e,h,j were pharmacologically evaluated for potential anticonvulsant, sedative and analgesic activities. These compounds exhibited significant anticonvulsant and analgesic effects after a single I.P. administration 100 mg/kg b.wt. . On the other hand all the investigated compounds induced hypnotic activity and prolonged the phenobarbital sodium- induced sleep as compared with the control group and the most potent compound was found to be 2_f.     

鼻渊净胶囊的HPLC指纹图谱研究

目的 建立鼻渊净胶囊的高效液相色谱(HPLC)指纹图谱.方法 采用Agilent SB-C18(4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm)色谱柱,乙腈-水为流动相、以1.0 ml/min流速行梯度洗脱,检测波长210 nm,柱温30℃,洗脱时间为80 min.采用中药色谱指纹图谱相似度评价系统(2004A版)对检测出色谱进行...     

NEURAMIDE STIMULATES ADRENOCORTICOTROPIN BUT NOT PROLACTIN RELEASE FROM RAT PITUITARY

Neuramide (NMD), a substance found in crude preparations of porcine stomach extract, is a viral inhibitor that also has putative immunostimulatory effects. The effects of NMD on stress-hormone (ACTH and prolactin—PRL) release were assessed inin vivoandin vitrostudies. In the former, blood levels of corticosterone and PRL were measured in NMD-treated male rats.In vitroexperiments were performed to evaluate the effects of NMD and three of its fractions (obtained with high performance liquid chromatography) on ACTH and PRL release from perfused rat pituitary slices. NMD increased plasma corticosterone levelsin vivoand produced dose-dependent increases inin vitropituitary release of ACTH. No effects on PRL secretion were observedin vivoorin vitro. The stimulatory effects on ACTH release were caused by the NMD fraction with a molecular weight of >5000<10000Da.     

Investigation of the prevalence of tetQ, tetX and tetX1 genes in Bacteroides strains with elevated tigecycline minimum inhibitory concentrations

In this study, the antibiotic susceptibilities to tigecycline and tetracycline of 35 selected Bacteroides fragilis group strains were determined by Etest, and the presence of tetQ, tetX, tetX1 and ermF genes was investigated by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). tetQ was detected in all 12 B. fragilis group isolates (100%) exhibiting elevated tigecycline minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) (≥8 μg/mL) as well as the 8 strains (100%) with a tigecycline MIC of 4 μg/mL, whilst tetX and tetX1 were present in 15% and 75% of these strains, respectively. All of these strains were fully resistant to tetracycline (MIC ≥ 16 μg/mL). On the other hand, amongst the group of strains with tigecycline MICs < 4 μg/mL (15 isolates), tetQ, tetX and tetX1 were found less frequently (73.3%, 13.3% and 46.7%, respectively). All but two strains harbouring the tetQ gene in this group were non-susceptible to tetracycline, with a MIC > 4 μg/mL. These data suggest that in most cases tigecycline overcomes the tetracycline resistance mechanisms frequently observed in Bacteroides strains. However, the presence of tetX and tetX1 genes in some of the strains exhibiting elevated MICs for tigecycline draws attention to the possible development and spread of resistance to this antibiotic agent amongst Bacteroides strains. The common occurrence of ermF, tetX, tetX1 and tetQ genes together predicted the presence of the CTnDOT-like Bacteroides conjugative transposon in this collection of Bacteroides strains.     

INDIRECT PARASYMPATHOMIMETIC ACTIVITY OF THE CLASS III ANTIARRHYTHMIC SUBSTANCE / -SOTALOLIN VITRO: REVERSIBLE INHIBITION OF CHOLINESTERASE ISOENZYMES FROM BLOOD AND THE HUMAN CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM

Inhibitory effects of the class III antiarrhythmic compound / -sotalol on acetylcholinesterase (AChE; EC 3.1.1.7) isoenzymes of both erythrocytes and the human caudate nucleus and on serum cholinesterase (ChE; EC 3.1.1.8) were studiedin vitrousing a spectrophotometric kinetic assay with acetylthiocholine (ASCh) as substrate. Sotalol concentrations in the assays varied from 0.32 to 3.2m . All isoenzymes studied were inhibited by / -sotalol in a reversible and concentration-dependent manner. Double reciprocal plots of the reaction velocity against varying ASCh concentrations revealed that / -sotalol reduced substrate affinity (apparent Michaelis constant, KM, increased) of serum ChE, but did not change the enzyme's maximal rate of ASCh hydrolysis (V_max). Thus, / -sotalol inhibition of serum ChE was of the competitive type (rate constant for reversible competitive inhibition: K_i=0.51m ). In contrast, / sotalol reduced the maximal reaction velocity of the AChE isoenzyme from the central nervous system (caudate nucleus), but had no influence on substrate affinity of the enzyme (K_Mwith ASCh unchanged) indicating purely non-competitive inhibition kinetics (rate constant of reversible non-competitive inhibition: K_i′=0.44m ). / -sotalol inhibition of erythrocyte AChE was of mixed competitive/non-competitive type (K_i=0.31m , K_i′=0.49m ). Non-competitive / -sotalol inhibition of caudate nucleus AChE and the non-competitive component of erythrocyte AChE inhibition cannot be overcome by increased concentrations of the cholinergic transmitter acetylcholine (ACh). Peak / -sotalol plasma levels as described in the literature for both humans (15μ ) and experimental animals (dogs: 18μ ; rats: 260μ ) as well as maximal myocardial concentrations of the substance (dogs: 46μ ; rats: 478μ ) are in the range of about 2% to 100% of the sotalol inhibition rate constants determined in the present paper for cholinesterase isoenzymesin vitro. Thus, / -sotalol inhibition of ACh hydrolysisin vivomay contribute to both the well known antiarrhythmic potential and proarrhythmic side effects of the compound.     

喙果黑面神化学成分研究

目的研究大戟科植物喙果黑面神(Breynia rostrata Merr.)的化学成分。方法利用硅胶、凝胶等色谱技术分离纯化化学成分,根据化合物的理化性质和光谱数据进行结构鉴定。结果从喙果黑面神的正丁醇萃取部分分离得到4个化合物,分别鉴定为6-O-甲基丙酰基-α-D-吡喃葡糖(6-O-methylpropanoyl-α-D-glucopyranose,1);4″-苯酚基-6-O-甲基丙酰基-β-D-吡喃葡糖苷(4″-phenolic-6-O-methylpropanoyl-β-D-glucopyranoside,2);1-O-没食子酰基-β-D-吡喃葡糖苷(1-O-galloyl-β-D-glucopyranoside,3);熊果苷(arbutin,4)。结论化合物1和2为新化合物,3和4均为首次从该种植物分离得到。     

EFFECTS OF 2-GUANIDINE-4-METHYLQUINAZOLINE ON GASTRIC ACID SECRETION IN RATS

In this study 2-guanidine-4-methylquinazoline (2-GMQ) appeared to decrease basal and stimulated gastric acid secretion, while structurally related compounds as dimethyl- biguanide, cyanoguanidine and 2-cyanoamino-4-methylpyrymidine did not. Thus, there is an antisecretory effect when the biguanide group is associated with a lipophilic structure. The antisecretive effects exerted by 2-GMQ are associated with anti H₂-histamine activity.The anti H₂-histamine nature of the effects of 2-GMQ was confirmed by the capacity of this compound of depressing the chronotropic activity of the isolated guinea pig auricle increased by histamine, as well as relaxant activity in rat uterus contracted by histamine, since both preparations are rich in H₂-histamine receptors.     

栝楼不同药用部位质量控制的研究进展

瓜蒌子、瓜蒌皮、瓜蒌、天花粉来源于栝楼的不同药用部位,4味药材均为常用的大宗药材,现行版《中国药典》对其制定的质量标准过于简单,无法科学合理地控制其质量。本文对瓜蒌子、瓜蒌皮、瓜蒌、天花粉安全性和有效组分的研究进行综述,明确了相关研究存在的问题并针对问题提出建议,为科学全面的药材及饮片标准的制定提供参考依据。     

AMELIORIATION OF CHEMICALLY-INDUCED HEPATOCYTE INJURY BY CYCLOSPORINE A

Cyclosporine A, beside its current applications, possesses potential hepatoprotective effects. This study was directed to investigate the effect of Cyclosporine A pretreatment on hepatic injury due to carbon tetrachloride (CCl₄) and -galactosamine. Rats were injected by two successive doses of Cyclosporine A (5mgkg⁻¹day⁻¹). Six hours after the second dose, 1mlkg⁻¹of CCl₄was administered i.p. Effects associated with Cyclosporine A pretreatment were examined by using isolated hepatocytes and hepatocytes that were immobilized and continuously perfused. -Galactosamine (5m ) was added directly to the perfusion medium. After isolation, hepatocytes were examined histologically by light and electron microscopy, immobilized and perfused for further metabolic functional activity evaluation. Cyclosporine A pretreatmentin vivoproduced hepatoameliorative effects of various degrees which were statistically significant as manifested by: (1) an increased trypan blue exclusion after CCl₄; (2) an improved ureagenesis after CCl₄; (3) a reduction in the lipid droplets accumulation in the cytoplasm produced by CCl₄administration; (4) well preserved cytoplasmic organelles as mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum ER, nuclear chromatin structures that were altered by CCl₄; and (5) an increased hepatocytes survival in the agarose gel matrix, reduction of LD leakage and improvement of ureagenesis after -galactosamine addition to the perfusion medium. The beneficial effect of Cyclosporine A pretreatment in modifying hepatotoxicity of chemical insults merits further studies.