冠状动脉造影或经皮冠状动脉介入术前患者临床列线图预测术后发生对比剂急性肾损伤的风险

目的构建接受冠状动脉造影(CAG)或经皮冠状动脉介入(PCI)治疗患者术前临床指标的列线图,据此预测术后发生对比剂急性肾损伤(CI-AKI)的风险。方法收集245例接受CAG或PCI治疗患者的术前临床资料。采用LASSO回归方法筛选与CI-AKI相关的临床特征,据以构建列线图预测模型,计算CI-AKI风险分数。绘制ROC曲线,计算风险评分临界值。结果 245例中,34例(34/245,13.88%)发生CI-AKI。LASSO回归分析显示性别、糖尿病史、乳酸脱氢酶水平、超敏C反应蛋白,饮酒年限、慢性肾脏病及其分期、脑卒中史、急性心肌梗死及收缩压是CI-AKI风险评分和预测模型的危险因素。CI-AKI列线图预测效能较好,其风险评分临界值为-1.953。结论列线图可用于术前预测患者接受CAG或PCI治疗后发生CI-AKI的风险。     

Survival outcomes and adverse events in patients with chronic kidney disease after coronary artery bypass grafting and percutaneous coronary intervention: a meta-analysis of propensity score-matching studies

BackgroundThe present meta-analysis of propensity score-matching studies aimed to compare the long-term survival outcomes and adverse events associated with coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) and percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD).MethodsElectronic databases were searched for studies comparing CABG and PCI in patients with CKD. The search period extended to 13 February 2021. The primary outcome was all-cause mortality, and the secondary endpoints included myocardial infarction, revascularization, and stroke. Odds ratios (ORs) and hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to express the pooled effect. Study quality was assessed using the Newcastle–Ottawa scale. The analyses were performed using RevMan 5.3.ResultsThirteen studies involving 18,005 patients were included in the meta-analysis. Long-term mortality risk was significantly lower in the CABG group than in the PCI group (HR: 0.76, 95% CI: 0.70–0.83, p < .001), and similar results were observed in the subgroup analysis of patients undergoing dialysis and for different estimated glomerular filtration rate ranges. The incidence rates of myocardial infarction (OR: 0.25, 95% CI: 0.12–0.54, p < .001) and revascularization (OR: 0.17, 95% CI: 0.08–0.35, p < .001) were lower in the CABG group than in the PCI group, although there were no significant differences in the incidence of stroke between the two groups (OR: 1.24; 95% CI: 0.89–1.73, p > .05). Subgroup analysis among patients on dialysis yielded similar results.ConclusionsOur propensity score matching analysis revealed that, based on long-term follow-up outcomes, CABG remains superior to PCI in patients with CKD.     

Mortality, kidney disease and cardiac procedures following acute coronary syndrome.

BACKGROUND: Cardiac interventions are underutilized in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) following acute coronary syndrome (ACS) partly due to nephrotoxicity concerns. METHODS: We analyzed outcomes of 4631 subjects with ACS enrolled in the Blockade of the Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa Receptor to Avoid Vascular Occlusion trial, including time to death, time to reduced renal function (50% reduction in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) or development of end-stage renal disease (ESRD)) and percent change in eGFR from baseline. RESULTS: Subjects with a lower baseline eGFR were more likely to be older, female and have diabetes, hypertension, congestive heart failure or peripheral vascular disease (all P < 0.0001); they were less likely to be taking aspirin > or = 162 mg or to have undergone a percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) prior to enrollment (P < 0.0001). As eGFR declined, the proportion of subjects experiencing death versus reduced eGFR or ESRD qualitatively increased. In adjusted analyses, every 10 ml/min/1.73 m(2) decrease in eGFR < or = 90 was associated with a 15% increased hazard of death (HR 1.15, P = 0.01). In adjusted analyses of predictors of percent change in eGFR, catheterization (cath) with or without PCI compared to medical therapy during follow-up was not associated with significant differences in long-term eGFR (P = 0.09). CONCLUSIONS: Among CKD subjects in this study, the risk of death greatly outweighed the risk of reduced eGFR or development of ESRD following ACS and the occurrence of cath +/- PCI was not associated with significant differences in long-term renal function. The presence of CKD should not preclude potentially beneficial interventions and research should focus on reducing the high cardiovascular burden in this population.     

Renji acute kidney injury score is a useful tool to predict acute kidney injury after cardiac surgery

Objective To validate the effect of Renji acute kidney injury score (RAKIS) on predicting patients with acute kidney injury (AKI) after cardiac surgeries, and make comparison with Cleveland score, simplified renal index (SRI) and acute kidney injury following cardiac surgery (AKICS). Methods Patients undergoing open heart surgery from 2008/01/01 to 2010/10/31 in Renji hospital were enrolled, and their scores of those four scoring models were calculated. AKI patients were diagnosed by KDIGO, and those scores of AKI patients and non-AKI patients were compared. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and area under curve (AUC) were used to decide the predictive values of those models. Results A total of 1126 patients were chosen in this cohort, with the average age of (58.43±14.88) years (rang from 18 to 88). The male to female ratio was 1.47∶1. And 355(31.5%) patients were developed AKI. AKI stage Ⅰ, Ⅱ and Ⅲ were 65.4%, 23.7% and 11.0% respectively. RAKIS was significantly higher in AKI patients than in non-AKI patients (17.5 vs 9.0, P＜0.001). The AUCs of RAKIS to predict AKI, AKI Ⅱ-Ⅲ stages, renal replacement therapy (RRT) and in-hospital death were 0.818, 0.819, 0.800 and 0.784 respectively. The AUCs of Cleveland score and SRI were 0.659 to 0.710, lower than those of RAKIS and AKICS. AKICS had lower value for predicting AKI and AKI Ⅱ-Ⅲ stages (AUC 0.766 and 0.793), but good value in predicting RRT and in-hospital death after surgery (AUC 0.804 and 0.835) as compared with RAKIS. Conclusions RAKIS is valid and accurate in the discrimination of KDIGO defined AKI patients, while for predicting the composite end point, AKICS may be more useful.     

Different prognostic importance of elevated troponin I after percutaneous coronary intervention in acute coronary syndrome and stable angina pectoris

Objectives. To investigate the prognostic importance of cardiac troponin I (cTnI) elevation after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in different clinical settings. Design. The study includes 238 patients presenting with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and 194 patients with stable angina pectoris (SAP). The composite end point of death or hospitalization due to non-fatal myocardial infarction, repeated revascularization or unstable angina, was determined during one year of follow-up. Results. cTnI elevation after PCI was more frequent in ACS patients than SAP patients. ACS patients with cTnI elevation after PCI had significantly higher number of events than patients with unchanged cTnI status after PCI. SAP patients had generally lower event rate than ACS patients. The event rate was also significantly higher among ACS patients than SAP patients at comparable degrees of cTnI elevation after PCI. There was no difference in events among SAP patients with or without cTnI elevation after PCI. Conclusion. cTnI elevation after PCI predicts adverse outcome after one year in patients with ACS, but not in patients with SAP.     

Renal regeneration after acute kidney injury

Acute kidney injury is common and associated with negative renal and patient outcomes. The human kidney has a real but limited regeneration capacity. Understanding renal regeneration may allow us to manipulate this process and thus develop therapeutic weapons to improve patients’ outcome. In the first part of this paper we discuss the clinical factors associated with renal recovery: baseline patient particularities, acute kidney injury characteristics and the medical approach taken in the short and long‐term. In the second part, the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying renal regeneration are explored. The immune system seems to have an important role, first promoting inflammation and then tissue healing. Other players, such as cellular senescence, mitochondrial dysfunction, renal haemodynamics and metabolic reprogramming also have a role in renal regeneration. We aim to develop a short review of renal regeneration, offering a holistic view of this process.     

Platelet-leukocyte aggregates – a predictor for acute kidney injury after cardiac surgery

BackgroundAcute kidney injury (AKI) is one of the most common complications after cardiac surgery. However, effective biomarker used for early diagnosis of AKI has not been identified. Platelet-leukocyte aggregates (PLAs) participate in inflammation and coagulation, leading to vascular lesions and tissue destruction. We designed a prospective study to assess whether PLAs can serve as a good biomarker for early diagnosis of AKI after cardiac surgery.MethodsPatients with rheumatic heart disease scheduled to undergo valve replacement surgery were enrolled. Blood samples were collected at five timepoints as follows: (a) At baseline. (b) At the end of extracorporeal circulation. (c) Arrival at intensive care unit (ICU). (d) Four-hours after the admission to ICU. (e) Twenty hours after the admission to ICU. After collection, the samples were immediately used for PLAs measurement by flow cytometry.ResultsA total of 244 patients were registered, and 15 of them were diagnosed with AKI according to the serum creatinine of KDIGO guidelines. The PLAs levels in AKI group were significantly increased 20 h after surgery (two-way repeated measure analysis of variance, p < 0.01) compared with that at baseline. Patients whose preoperative PLAs were higher than 6.8% showed increased risk of developing AKI (multivariate logistic regression; p = 0.01; adjusted odds ratio, 1.05; 95% confidence interval, 1.01–1.09).ConclusionPLAs is an independent risk factor for AKI after valve replacement among patients with rheumatic heart disease.     

经皮冠状动脉介入治疗患者心脏康复的清单制管理

目的 探讨清单制管理在急性心肌梗死行经皮冠状动脉介入治疗患者心脏康复中的应用效果.方法 将行经皮冠状动脉介入治疗的急性心肌梗死患者572例按照随机数字表法分为干预组(n=279)及对照组(n=293).对照组采取常规管理模式,干预组应用清单制管理模式进行心脏康复护理,比较两组心脏功能改善情况、院内心血管事件发生情况及衰...     

A new model to predict acute kidney injury after cardiac surgery in patients with renal insufficiency

ObjectiveTo establish a simple model for predicting postoperative acute kidney injury (AKI) requiring renal replacement therapy (RRT) in patients with renal insufficiency (CKD stages 3–4) who underwent cardiac surgery.MethodsA total of 330 patients were enrolled. Among them, 226 were randomly selected for the development group and the remaining 104 for the validation group. The primary outcome was AKI requiring RRT. A nomogram was constructed based on the multivariate analysis with variables selected by the application of the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator. Meanwhile, the discrimination, calibration, and clinical power of the new model were assessed and compared with those of the Cleveland Clinic score and Simplified Renal Index (SRI) score in the validation group. Results: The rate of RRT in the development group was 10.6% (n = 24), while the rate in the validation group was 14.4% (n = 15). The new model included four variables such as postoperative creatinine, aortic cross‐clamping time, emergency, and preoperative cystatin C, with a C-index of 0.851 (95% CI, 0.779–0.924). In the validation group, the areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves for the new model, SRI score, and Cleveland Clinic score were 0.813, 0.791, and 0.786, respectively. Furthermore, the new model demonstrated greater clinical net benefits compared with the Cleveland Clinic score or SRI score.ConclusionsWe developed and validated a powerful predictive model for predicting severe AKI after cardiac surgery in patients with renal insufficiency, which would be helpful to assess the risk for severe AKI requiring RRT.     

平均血小板体积联合Gensini评分预测ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术近期预后

目的探讨平均血小板体积(MPV)联合Gensini评分预测急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI)患者急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术(PCI)近期预后的价值。方法对186例接受急诊PCI治疗的STEMI患者,术前完善相关实验室检查、检测MPV,并根据冠状动脉造影检查结果进行Gensini评分;术后随访记录主要不良心血管事件(MACE)发生情况,并进行统计学分析。结果 186例中,PCI术后36例发生MACE(MACE组),150例未发生MACE(非MACE组)。2组间总胆固醇(TC)、血小板计数(Plt)、D-二聚体、N末端脑钠肽前体(NT-proBNP)、MPV、Gensini评分及病变累及冠状动脉3支血管的比例差异均有统计学意义(P均0.05)。MPV、Gensini评分、Plt、NT-proBNP及病变累及冠状动脉3支血管是STEMI患者PCI术后发生MACE的独立危险因素(P均0.05)。以MPV(阈值0.86 fl)联合Gensini评分(阈值82.17分)预测STEMI患者急诊PCI术后发生MACE的ROC曲线AUC为0.92[95%CI(0.87,0.98)],敏感度为92.70%,特异度为83.33%。结论 STEMI患者急诊PCI术后近期MACE的发生与术前MPV及Gensini评分有关;MPV联合Gensini评分可用于筛查PCI术后高危患者。