Results of an organ preservation protocol with induction chemotherapy and radiotherapy in patients with locally advanced laryngeal carcinoma

An alternative treatment in patients with advanced laryngeal carcinoma who are candidates for total laryngectomy is induction chemotherapy and radical radiotherapy in an organ preservation approach. We conducted a study to evaluate results of this treatment in patients with locally advanced laryngeal carcinoma, candidates for total laryngectomy, who were treated at a single institution between 1985 and 1997. During the study period, 224 began treatment with induction chemotherapy. Induction chemotherapy consisted of three cycles of cisplatin and 5-fluoruracil in the majority of cases. Four patients died as a consequence of complications associated with chemotherapy treatment. Subsequent treatment consisted of total laryngectomy in 79 patients and radical radiotherapy in 141. After radical radiotherapy, local control for patients who achieved a complete response after induction chemotherapy was 74%, significantly better than 57% in patients with a non-complete response (P=0.04). Considering the initial group of 224 patients, the frequency of organ preservation was 39%. Considering only the patients treated with induction chemotherapy and radiotherapy, the organ preservation frequency was 62%. In a multivariate study, only the response after induction chemotherapy was significantly related to organ preservation.This paper was presented at the 38th Annual Meeting of the American Society of Clinical Oncology, Orlando, Florida, 18–21 May 2002.     

Treatment of hypopharyngeal carcinoma: analysis of nationwide study in the Netherlands over a 10‐year period

Objective: To analyse different treatment strategies and treatment results of hypopharyngeal carcinoma in the Netherlands. Design: Retrospective study. Setting: Eight head and neck centres in the Netherlands. Participants: A total of 893 patients were treated between 1985 and 1994. Patients were mostly treated with radiotherapy alone, combined surgery and radiotherapy and surgery alone. Results: The 5‐year survival for the whole group was 26%. The 5‐year survival for patients treated with curative intention was 32% and treated with palliative intention was 5%. The 5‐year disease‐free survival after radiotherapy alone was 37%, after surgery alone 41% and after combined therapy 47%. The role of chemotherapy could not be investigated because of a small number of patients treated with chemotherapy in this period. Conclusion: Combined therapy with surgery and radiotherapy has a better survival for patients with a hypopharyngeal carcinoma in comparison with radiotherapy alone. The N‐stage is more important for the prognosis than the T‐stage.     

Concurrent chemoradiotherapy for T4 patients with hypopharyngeal and laryngeal squamous cell carcinomas

OBJECTIVES: Concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCR) was given for the previously untreated T4 hypopharyngeal and laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma patients and the response and survival rates were evaluated. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A total of 23 patients, namely, 15 for hypopharynx and 8 for larynx were eligible. These patients were given cisplatin and 5-fluorouracil based chemotherapeutic regimens with conventional radiotherapy for a total dose of 66.6-70.2 Gy. RESULTS: Ten out of the 15 hypopharyngeal carcinoma patients and 4 out of the 8 laryngeal carcinoma patients showed a complete response at the primary sites. The 5-year disease-specific survival rate was 59.4% in all the patients, 51.9% in the hypopharyngeal carcinoma patients, and 71.0% in the laryngeal patients. Seven out of the 12 resectable hypopharyngeal carcinoma patients and 4 out of 8 laryngeal carcinoma patients were able to do without total laryngectomy. CONCLUSIONS: Based on these results, the survival rate in the hypopharyngeal and laryngeal T4 carcinoma patients treated by CCR seems to be satisfactory and the possibility of organ preservation for the advanced patients is indicated.     

保留喉功能的下咽癌手术后缺损的修复

目的初步探讨在保留喉功能的下咽癌手术中,肿瘤切除后局部创面的修复方式。方法回顾性分析2013年3月~2018年3月33例下咽癌患者行保留喉功能肿瘤切除术后的临床资料,其中14例采用局部黏膜拉拢缝合,2例采用胸骨舌骨肌筋膜瓣修复缺损,4例采用异种牛脱细胞真皮基质修复膜,2例采用胸大肌皮瓣修复,4例锁骨上岛状皮瓣修复缺损,4例采用游离股前外侧皮瓣修复缺损,3例采用食管内翻拔脱胃上徙手术;观察缺损修复后患者伤口的愈合情况。结果33例患者喉功能良好,3例患者早期有轻微误吸,锻炼2周后即可正常进食。全部患者恢复吞咽功能,食管入口狭窄2例,后经局部扩张好转。咽瘘2例,局部换药1个月愈合。所有患者术后随访1年以上,生存率为78.79%（26/33）,目前正在随访中。结论在保留喉功能的下咽癌手术中,防止误吸和避免咽食管狭窄是肿瘤切除后修复的主要目标;根据患者的具体情况,选择适合患者的个体化修复方法,既可以恢复下咽的结构和功能,还可以避免不必要的副损伤。     

新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情期间喉癌和下咽癌诊治的思考与建议

目前我国由2019新型冠状病毒（SARS-CoV-2）引起的肺炎疫情仍在持续,抗疫形势仍很严峻。新型冠状病毒肺炎（COVID-19）潜伏期较长、传染能力强、人群普遍易感,给医护人员、患者和人民群众都造成了严重威胁。耳鼻咽喉头颈外科中的喉癌和下咽癌患者在疫情下仍需进行限期处理,因此在做好COVID-19排查和防控工作后,合理选择治疗方式,根据不同的风险等级,做好医务人员自身的防护措施,协调手术各方,合理有序地开展手术治疗及患者术后的规范化管理,对疫情下救治喉癌和下咽癌患者具有重要意义。     

护理辅助性综合干预在喉癌术后放化疗患者中的应用方法及效果

目的分析喉癌术后放化疗患者接受护理辅助性综合干预的方法及效果。方法将2019年1月~2020年4月作为研究时间段,选取期间我院接诊的50例喉癌术后放化疗患者,另将随机数字表法作为分组依据,将全部病例分为对照组(提供常规护理,纳入25例)、研究组(提供护理辅助性综合干预,纳入25例),对组间生活质量评分(EORTC QLQ-C30)展开分析。结果研究组各项EORTC QLQ-C30评分在干预后均高于对照组,P<0.05。结论护理辅助性综合干预对改善喉癌术后放化疗患者生活质量效果显著,值得推广。     

Transoral robotic surgery in patients with stage III/IV hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma: treatment outcome and prognostic factor

Abstract

Background: We aimed to reduce the morbidity related to treatment and to preserve organ function in patients with hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (HPSCC) by applying a new surgical treatment protocol based on transoral robotic surgery (TORS).

Aims/objectives: In this study, we analyzed the prognostic factors related to survival to confirm the validity and effectiveness of TORS in patients with advanced-stage HPSCC.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the data of 44 HPSCC patients who had undergone TORS-based therapy.

Results: In univariate analysis, only the surgical marginal status showed a statistically significant correlation with the survival of the patients (p?=?.009). In multivariate analysis, surgical margin status was the only statistically significant prognostic factor related to survival (p?=?.008). Forty-one patients (93.2%) recovered speech function sufficiently to perform daily conversation without artificial aids. Forty-one patients (93.2%) were able to ingest food orally.

Conclusions: In the treatment of advanced hypopharyngeal cancer, TORS-based therapy helped the surgeon obtain a clear surgical margin in patients with HPSCC, and it showed superior oncologic and functional outcomes compared to the existing treatment methods.     

喉大部分切除--Pearson言语重建手术34例报告

目的总结分析34例中晚期喉癌及下咽癌的Pearson发音重建手术经验。方法34例喉鳞癌及下咽癌病人中,喉癌外侵梨状窝12例,梨状窝癌侵犯喉22例。根据UICC与AJCC2002统一的TNM分类标准喉癌T3N03例,T3N12例,T4N02例,T4N15例;下咽癌T3N08例,T3N13例;T4N05例,T4N16例。所有病人均采用喉大部分切除—Pearson发音重建,且在同期行颈廓清术。术后放疗25例,剂量55～65Gy。结果术后发音成功者29例,占85.3%(29/34);术后声音小、音时短者2例;黏膜管闭塞且无法发音者3例。进食无呛咳、术后20d内拔除鼻饲管者25例,1～3个月后拔鼻饲管者8例,重度误吸1例(保留鼻饲管达1年);咽瘘3例。随访3年以上,淋巴结再转移率35.3%(12/34);术后残喉复发2例,3年残喉复发率5.9%(2/34)。死亡10例,3年生存率70.6%(24/34)。结论喉大部分切除加发音重建,黏膜管内径4～5mm比较适合,无误吸,发音好。     

108例喉癌手术疗效分析

目的总结喉癌的术式及疗效,以改进治疗并提高喉癌患者的生存率和生存质量。方法分析临床随访的108例行手术治疗的喉癌患者资料,其中声门上型33例,声门型71例,声门下型4例,按UICC2002年分期标准,I期27例,II期42例,III期25例,IV期14例。行喉部分切除83例,全喉切除25例。结果108例手术患者1年生存率94.5%,3年生存率81.3%,5年生存率为75.4%。其中声门上型1年生存率86.3%,3年为65.2%,5年为63.2%;声门型1年生存率98.1%,3年为91.1%,5年为84.2%。早期肿瘤(I、II期)1年生存率100%,3年生存率88.4%,5年生存率84.1%;晚期(III、IV期)肿瘤1年生存率87.2%,3年生存率71.8%,5年生存率59.0%。早期与晚期患者之间生存率差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),肿瘤不同发病部位(声门型、声门上型)患者之间生存率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论严格掌握喉癌手术指征,在保证手术安全缘的情况下,根据不同患者的情况,制定个体化治疗方案,运用最优的手术切除和喉功能重建方法,综合治疗,可有效地提高喉癌患者的生存率和生存质量。     

Free flap combined with pectoralis major flap for reconstruction after total laryngopharyngectomy in patients with advanced hypopharyngeal carcinoma

Conclusion: The findings suggest that a pectoralis major flap combined with a free flap is a safe and reliable method of reconstruction after total pharyngolaryngectomy; with this technique, one can help these patients remain disease free, with normal swallowing function, for a relatively acceptable survival duration. Objectives: To determine the functional and oncological outcomes of a combined flap for the extensive defects after total pharyngolaryngectomy in patients with advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the hypopharynx (SCCHP). Method: This study determined the perioperative morbidity and functional and oncologic outcomes of 21 patients with advanced SCCHP who underwent total laryngopharyngectomy and reconstruction using a combination of a pectoralis major flap and a free flap. Results: The free flap and pectoralis major flap were used to reconstruct the defects for all 21 patients. Fourteen patients were reconstructed with jejunal free flaps and pectoralis major flaps; in the remaining seven patients, anterolateral thigh flaps and pectoralis major flaps were used. All the combined flaps worked well, and patients recovered normal swallowing function a mean 19.4 days after surgery. After an overall mean follow-up time of 31.3 months, 30% of patients were still alive at the time of this analysis, with no evidence of disease.     

下咽癌和喉癌的多重癌

目的对下咽、喉鳞癌患者的多重癌实况进行回顾性调查。方法对１９８０年～１９９５年１６年间头颈部外科受诊者下咽癌１２５例、喉癌１８４例进行了分析，其中男２７６例，女３３例。结果３０９例患者中，７９例（２５．６％）发生多重癌。多重癌发生部位共１０１处，其中１７例三重癌，１例四重癌，１例五重癌。６４例发生于上消化道，１２例发生于呼吸道，分别占多重癌的６３．４％和１１．９％。下咽癌的多重癌以食管癌（４１．８％，２３／５５）和胃癌（２１．９％，１２／５５）居多；喉癌，尤以声门型喉癌的多重癌以肺癌为主（１７．４％，８／４６），声门上型喉癌的口咽、食管和胃多重癌的发生率较声门型喉癌为高。同时发生食管癌占下咽癌多重食管癌的７３．９％（１７／２３），而同时发生胃癌占５０％（６／１２）。肺癌多发生于喉癌之后。结论下咽癌、喉癌多重癌的高危群体应同时行食管内窥镜检查并用Ｌｕｇｏｌ染色，可显著提高早期食管癌的检出率。胃内窥镜及胸部Ｘ线摄片，以及术后随访时定期进行相应的检查，可以早期发现多重癌，并及时予以治疗。     

A personal experience with subtotal and conservation surgery as treatment for laryngeal cancer

Summary A personal technique for laryngeal cancer reconstructive surgery is presented and discussed. The functional and therapeutic purpose of this surgery is to broaden its indications and to improve functional results. In particular, our surgical technique involves removal of the soft internal part of the cricoid cartilage (mucosa, submucosa and perichondrium), which is otherwise conserved. Satisfactory functional results can be achieved by: (a) modeling of two symmetrical pseudoarytenoids; (b) an anterior epiglottiplasty or the use of a Hiranandani base-of-the-tongue flap to close the anterior gap (if present); (c) muscular flap lateral-plasty avoiding a cricoidhyoidpexy.     

喉癌、喉咽癌手术相关肺血栓栓塞症的临床特点

目的 探讨喉癌、喉咽癌手术相关肺血栓栓塞症的临床特点及其诊断和预防。方法 对11例喉癌、喉咽癌术后确诊为肺血栓栓塞症患者的临床表现、辅助检查、治疗方法等进行回顾性分析。结果 同期行喉癌手术453例、喉咽癌手术134例,其中11例术后确诊并发肺血栓栓塞症,占1.9%;临床表现以憋气、胸闷为主,确诊方法包括螺旋CT肺动脉造影8例、核素肺通气/灌注显像确诊3例;主要采用抗凝治疗。结论 喉癌、喉咽癌手术相关肺血栓栓塞症并不少见,应予高度警惕,手术前评估和围手术期预防十分重要。     

Expression of bcl-2 protein in lymphocytes of patients with laryngeal carcinoma

The aim of this study was to evaluate the expression of bcl-2 protein in lymphocytes of the peripheral blood of patients with laryngeal carcinoma. The protein product of the proto-oncogene bcl-2 is a physiological inhibitor of apoptosis or programmed cell death. Since we believe that apoptosis is involved in the regulation of an immune response to a cancer process, we tried to show how this mechanism works in laryngeal carcinoma in comparison with normal peripheral blood lymphocytes of healthy controls. To explain the significance of this molecule’s expression, we used flow cytometry to examine the expression of bcl-2 in T lymphocytes from the peripheral blood of 23 patients with laryngeal carcinoma and 20 healthy controls. Our study revealed that the expression of bcl-2 protein in T lymphocytes from the cancer patients was significantly higher than in the controls (P < 0.05). This difference in the expression of bcl-2 protein was found in both CD4 and CD8 subpopulations and was significantly higher than in the control group. In patients with laryngeal carcinoma expression of bcl-2 protein in T lymphocytes was higher in CD4 than in CD8 cells (P < 0.05). These results suggest that bcl-2 protein may interact in the regulation of apoptosis of lymphocytes, taking part in anti-cancer defence. Received: 26 September 1998 / Accepted: 17 February 1999     

Serum cathepsin B-like activity as a potential marker of laryngeal carcinoma

Summary Early detection and reliable monitoring of treatment constitute one of the most challenging problems in oncology. For this reason, we studied the potential value of serum cathepsin B-like activity as a possible marker of laryngeal carcinoma. The results indicate that serial analyses of this parameter have predictive value in the assessment of surgical treatment of laryngeal carcinoma. Activity of the enzyme reveals a progressive increment which could be associated with increased severity of the neoplasm present. The serum levels of the cathepsin B-like activity remained close to zero in the control group of healthy volunteers and patients with inflammatory diseases.     

环状软骨上部分喉切除及功能重建术疗效观察

目的探讨环状软骨上部分喉切除及功能重建术的适应证及疗效.方法回顾性研究1997年～2001年期间施行环状软骨上部分切除及功能重建术治疗的17例喉声门癌患者资料. 结果 17例患者均于术后7～16天拔除气管套管,平均11天;术后8～18天拔除鼻饲管,平均15天,拔管率100%.全部病例术后恢复了喉的三大功能.术后3年17例患者均存活,其中5年以上无瘤生存者11例. 结论该术式能在切除癌肿的同时更加有效地恢复喉功能,改善生存质量.     

174例喉癌患者手术预后及影响因素分析

目的探讨喉癌患者接受手术治疗后的生存情况及预后影响因素。方法回顾性分析2010—2014年上海长征医院耳鼻咽喉头颈外科经手术治疗的174例原发性喉癌患者的临床资料,男164例,女10例;年龄35~87岁,平均年龄(60.73 ± 9.88)岁。通过Kaplan Meier模块进行单因素分析,Cox比例风险模型行多因素分析,分析喉癌患者预后的独立影响因素。结果全组患者共174例,5年生存率64.4%;喉癌早期T1、T2期患者5年生存率达到77%。单因素分析结果显示,临床分期、病理分化程度、并发症、T分期、N分期、手术方式、颈淋巴结清扫术、肿瘤原发部位与喉癌患者术后5年生存率相关。Cox多因素分析结果显示,T分期和N分期是影响喉癌预后的独立危险因素。结论T分期、N分期是影响喉癌患者生存率的独立因素。     

Partial laryngeal surgery in recurrent carcinoma

With the growing acceptance of nonsurgical therapies for laryngeal squamous cell carcinomas (LSCCs), it has become important to delineate surgical salvage strategies for disease recurrences. Total laryngectomy is often recommended, but appropriately selected laryngeal recurrences may be treated successfully with partial laryngeal surgery: laryngeal function can be preserved with oncological efficacy. The main available studies dealing with partial laryngeal surgery in recurrent carcinoma were critically reviewed. The most appealing feature of salvage transoral laser surgery (TLS) is the opportunity to make tumor-tailored excisions without any reconstructive limitations and retaining the option to switch to open partial laryngectomy. A recent detailed review of 11 series found a pooled local control rate of 57% after a first TLS procedure. Supracricoid laryngectomy (SCL) seems to achieve good local control rates in selected cases of recurrent supraglottic-glottic carcinoma: one review considering seven series calculated that 85% of the patients treated with salvage SCL after radiotherapy experienced no local recurrence; and total laryngectomy after failure of salvage SCL afforded an overall local control rate of 65%. Neck dissection is mandatory in all cases of local LSCC recurrence with evidence of neck metastases, and routine elective neck dissection is recommended for recurrent supraglottic and transglottic cancers.     

临床颈淋巴结转移阴性喉及喉咽癌前哨淋巴结检测

目的前瞻性研究喉及喉咽鳞癌患者前哨淋巴结(sentinel Iymph node,SLN)的存在、位置、数量、阳性率及制定颈部治疗计划。方法30例术前未曾经过任何治疗的喉及喉咽鳞癌患者,临床颈部触诊及影像学检查均属于NO,均在原发灶周围黏膜下注射2毫升亚甲蓝液,在20-30分钟后于颈部检查染色淋巴结。其中5例在手术前日于相同部位注射1毫居里99m锝-右旋糖苷(1mci 99m Tc-Dx),分别于注射后30分、1小时和2小时应用发射型计算机断层扫描连续静态显像观察。6例在手术当中对SLN进行了冰冻活检。30例的前哨淋巴结、颈清标本及原发病灶,均行常规组织病理学检查。结果30例注射亚甲蓝患者中28例(占93.3%)发现染色的SLN。注射99m锝-右旋糖苷的5例患者,则100%在发射型计算机断层扫描连续静态显像中观察到SLN的核素图像。共查得前哨淋巴结49枚,平均每例1.6枚。其大多数位于Ⅱ或Ⅲ区,其中有5例共有6枚SLN被确定有转移,占全部病例的16.7%(5/30),5例中有3例在颈部其他部位同时发现转移淋巴结。结论喉及喉咽鳞癌SLN检出是一个有前途的预测方法,对于制定颈部治疗方针有指导意义,但尚需进一步研究和完善。     

喉部分切除术后并发喉狭窄的原因及处理

目的探讨喉癌行喉部分切除术后并发喉狭窄的原因及处理方法。方法回顾性分析2008-2013年住院治疗的28例喉癌术后并发喉狭窄的临床资料,28例患者根据引起狭窄的原因、狭窄的程度及狭窄的部位采取不同的治疗方式。其中2例术后联合放疗引起急性喉梗阻患者予以激素、抗感染治疗;16例患者行支撑喉镜下CO2激光切除术;5例患者行喉裂开术;5例患者行多次及多种联合手术。结果 28例患者中26例拔除气管导管,拔管率92.8%;2例患者手术后瘢痕及肉芽组织增生造成再次狭窄,随访至今仍未拔除气管导管。结论支撑喉镜下CO2激光切除术是喉癌行喉部分切除术后并发喉狭窄的首选方法,合理的修复缺损并喉腔重建、积极抗感染及治疗胃食管反流将会明显的减少喉部分切除术后喉狭窄的发生几率。