氨甲环酸不同用药途径对女性股骨颈骨折全髋关节置换术失血的疗效分析

目的：研究氨甲环酸不同应用方式治疗老年女性股骨颈骨折行全髋关节置换术围手术期失血的疗效。方法：将2015年12月至2018年1月老年女性股骨颈骨折行全髋关节置换术患者77例分成4组：A组（静脉用药组）21例,年龄（77.10±7.02）岁,于手术切皮前5 min使用15 mg/kg氨甲环酸静脉滴注并且术中生理盐水灌注关节腔;B组（局部用药组）18例,年龄（73.83±6.56）岁,于手术切皮前5 min生理盐水静脉滴注并且术中使用总剂量为3 g的氨甲环酸灌注关节腔;C组（联合用药组）19例,年龄（74.26±6.04）岁,术前使用15 mg/kg氨甲环酸静滴并且术中使用总剂量为1.5 g的氨甲环酸灌注关节腔;D组（对照研究组）19例,年龄（76.69±9.27）岁,于手术切皮前5 min生理盐水静脉滴注并且术中生理盐水灌注关节腔。记录术后伤口引流量、血红蛋白变化,根据身高体重和手术前后的红细胞压积（HCT）计算所有患者的总失血量等。结果：A组术后引流量为（111.91±35.02） ml,血红蛋白改变量为（26.86±12.99） g/L,总失血量为（628.6±306.78） ml;B组术后引流量为（108.89±36.61） ml,血红蛋白改变量为（26.28±8.59） g/L,总失血量为（584.41±250.86） ml;C组术后引流量为（102.63±47.36） ml,血红蛋白改变量为（26.89±12.47） g/L,总失血量为（634.78±384.89） ml;D组术后引流量为（107.37±40.53） ml,血红蛋白改变量为（40.95±12.48） g/L,总失血量为（1 005.24±483.37） ml。4组术后引流量比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）;A、B、C组术后血红蛋白改变量、总失血量少于对照组D组（P<0.05）,但是3组组间比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论：应用氨甲环酸能有效减少老年女性股骨颈骨折行全髋关节置换术围手术期失血,但是最佳给药方式及给药剂量需要进一步的研究。     

全髋关节置换术127°小颈干角和135°大颈干角假体的比较

目的：探讨127°小颈干角和135°大颈干角假体行全髋关节置换术（total hip arthroplasty,THA）的疗效。方法：2014年1月至2016年6月行THA患者84例,男44例,女40例;年龄45~72（53.4±8.1）岁,股骨头坏死68例（左侧32例,右侧36例）,其他原因导致严重髋关节骨性关节炎16例,病程9~36（24.0±5.5）个月。分别采用小颈干角（127°）和大颈干角（135°）假体,每组42例,术后两组患者进行髋关节Harris评分,疼痛视觉模拟评分（visual analogue scale,VAS）评分,双下肢长度测量,不同颈干角生物力学评估,比较术后并发症发生情况以及患者术后24个月生活质量。结果：两组患者各有2例患者失访,其余患者均获得随访,随访时间30~36（33.0±1.6）个月。术前及术后1、6、12、24个月进行Harris评分及双下肢长度测量,两组患者髋关节Harris评分及双下肢长度差与术前比较均得到明显改善（P<0.05）,而组间差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。两组术后1、6、12、24个月VAS评分均低于术前（P<0.05）;两组VAS评分术前差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）,但术后大颈干角组VAS评分明显低于小颈干角组（P<0.05）。两组术后并发症（包括假体松动、脱位）的发生率差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。两组患者术后24个月生活质量较术前生活质量明显提高（P<0.05）,且组间比较发现135°大颈干角组生活质量较127°小颈干角组生活质量更高（P<0.05）。。结论：大、小颈干角假体的THA均能较好地恢复患者髋关节的功能,但是大颈干角更能降低术后疼痛程度,进而提高患者术后的生活质量。     

髂筋膜间隙阻滞对前外侧小切口入路全髋置换术的影响

目的:比较单纯椎管内麻醉与联合髂筋膜间隙阻滞（fascia iliaca compartment block,FICB）对前外侧小切口（orthopädische chirurgie München,OCM）入路全髋关节置换术（total hip arthroplasty,THA）的影响分析。方法：2019年1月至2020年10月择期行单侧全髋关节置换术患者,分别采用椎管内麻醉复合超声引导下髂筋膜间隙阻滞（A组30例）和单纯椎管内麻醉（B组30例）。两组患者椎管内用药成分相同,术后采用相同静脉镇痛治疗方案。观察比较两组手术时间、术中出血量、臀中肌剥离程度、股骨大转子劈裂情况,术后髋关节疼痛视觉模拟评分（visual analogue scale,VAS）,术前及术后48 h 股四头肌及髋关节外展肌力,术后髋关节功能Harris评分。结果：所有患者获得随访,时间48~62（54.2±4.0）周。A组患者切口长度、手术时间及术中出血量明显低于B组（P<0.05）。A组术后24 h血红蛋白水平明显高于B组（P<0.05）。A组术后48 h髋关节外展肌力明显高于B组（P<0.05）。A组患者臀中肌剥离程度明显低于B组（P<0.05）。A组患者术后8、12、24 h VAS明显低于B组（P<0.05）;A组患者术后2、8周Harris评分明显高于B组（P<0.05）。结论：超声引导下髂筋膜间隙阻滞应用于侧卧位OCM入路THA,能明显缩短手术时间、减少术中出血量、减少术中臀中肌剥离情况等髋关节周围创伤及改善患者术后早期疼痛,有利于OCM入路临床操作及患者术后快速康复。     

个性化数字模拟辅助髋臼假体精准植入在CroweⅠ和Ⅱ型髋关节发育不良中的应用

目的:探讨采用个性化数字模拟辅助髋臼假体精准植入在髋关节发育不良应用的疗效。方法：自2017年2月至2019 年7月收治的11例（12髋）髋关节发育不良行全髋关节置换术患者,男4例（5髋）,女7例（7髋）,年龄27~61 （46.64±12.93）岁;Crowe分型Ⅰ型8髋,Ⅱ型4髋。将术前CT薄层扫描导入Mimics 10.01软件,通过术前模拟选择合适髋臼假体尺寸及安放角度,并了解髋臼骨量缺损情况,决定术中是否需要结构植骨,测量患者术前后的双下肢长度、髋臼假体前倾角、外展角、髋臼旋转中心高度、髋关节中心水平距离,观察术后脱位、植骨愈合情况及臼杯松动情况,并采用髋关节Harris评分评价关节功能。结果：所有患者获得随访,时间18~30（23.45±3.70）个月,术后未发生假体脱位、松动、植骨均愈合。1例因术中坐骨神经牵拉出现支配区域麻木,给予营养神经药物治疗于术后1个月恢复。双下肢长度差由术前（31.73±5.98） mm下降至术后3个月的（4.73±1.90） mm（t=15.268,P<0.01）。术后臼杯髋臼前倾角（17.45±3.62）°、外展角（40.10±2.30）°。所有病例外展角及前倾角均位于Lewinnek安全范围内,术后髋关节旋转中心高度（20.64±2.58） mm,术后髋关节水平内移距离（33.46±3.61） mm。Harris评分由术前（45.36±2.34）分提高至术后3个月（91.27±2.37）分 （P<0.05）。结论：髋关节发育不良患者通过术前个性化数字模拟重建髋臼,可以更好的了解髋臼缺损情况,有助于评估髋臼假体的大小、安放角度及是否需要结构植骨,可获得满意的临床疗效。     

微创钢板内固定术中两种入路方式对肱骨干中段骨折患者骨代谢活性与桡神经损伤的影响

目的：比较外侧入路与前侧入路两种不同入路方式在肱骨干中段骨折微创钢板内固定（minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis,MIPO）术中的应用,并分析其对患者骨代谢活性与桡神经损伤的影响。方法：自2014年4月至2017年5月采用MIPO术治疗肱骨干中段骨折患者76例,分为前侧入路组（A组）和外侧入路组（B组）。A组38例,男22例,女16例;年龄18~74（48.21±5.79）岁;交通事故伤24例,重物压砸伤6例,高处坠落8例;左侧18例,右侧20例;AO分型：A型15例,B型17例,C型6例;采用前侧入路方式进行微创MIPO术治疗。B组38例,其中男23例,女15例;年龄20~73（48.40±5.81）岁;交通事故伤26例,重物压砸伤5例,高处坠落伤7例;左侧17例,右侧21例;AO分型：A型15例,B型18例,C型5例;采用外侧入路方式进行微创MIPO术治疗。比较两组患者的术中出血量、手术时间、住院时间、骨折愈合时间,检测并比较手术前后血清骨钙素（bone gla protein,BGP）,胶原C端肽（collagen C-terminal peptide,CTX）及护骨因子（osteoprotegerin,OPG）变化,并观察术后桡神经损伤发生情况。结果：所有患者获得随访,时间12~18（15.4±2.1）个月。两组患者手术时间、术中出血量比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.5）;A组住院时间、骨折愈合时间分别为（6.52±1.81）d、（13.27±3.01）周,B组分别为（9.61±1.99）d、（14.83±3.08）周,两组比较差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。两组术前BGP、OPG、CTX比较差异无统计学意义,A组术后1个月BGP、OPG水平分别为（7.10±0.58）ng/ml、（173.67±9.12）pg/ml,高于B组的（6.63±0.62）ng/ml、（152.80±9.23）pg/ml,而A组的CTX水平（224.52±12.67）μg/ml,低于B组（259.13±13.54）μg/ml（P<0.05）。A组术后未出现桡神经损伤,B组术后4例出现桡神经损伤,差异有统计学意义（χ²=4.220,P<0.05）。结论：相较于外侧入路,前侧入路在肱骨干中段骨折微创MIPO术中的应用效果更为显著,可改善骨代谢活性,降低桡神经损伤发生风险。     

直接前入路全髋关节置换术应用氨甲环酸的有效性及安全性

目的：评估局部应用氨甲环酸（tranexamic acid,TXA）降低直接前入路（direct anterior approach,DAA）全髋关节置换术围手术期失血量的有效性和安全性。方法：自2013年7月至2018年9月,采用直接前入路初次全髋关节置换治疗的46例股骨头坏死患者,分为氨甲环酸组和生理盐水组,各23例。其中,氨甲环酸组中男14例,女9例,年龄52~72（63.70±5.34）岁,采用氨甲环酸3 g稀释于50 ml生理盐水中,在假体置换完毕后关节腔浸泡3 min;生理盐水组中男13例,女10例,年龄55~73（61.26±5.78）岁,采用等量生理盐水,相同方法关节腔浸泡。比较两组患者的失血量、血红蛋白值、输血例数、术后首次下地时间、血栓以及切口不良事件的发生率,术后1、3个月采用Harris评分评价髋关节功能。结果：术后患者切口愈合良好,两组无明显并发症发生。46例患者获随访,时间12~59个月,平均31.11个月。随访患者无髋部疼痛,髋关节功能有效改善,均未出现假体松动。术后氨甲环酸组和生理盐水组围手术期总失血量分别为（740.09±77.14）、（1 069.07±113.53）ml,术后24 h引流量为（87.61±9.28）、（233.83±25.62）ml,隐性失血量为（409.65±38.01）、（588.33±57.16）ml,手术前后血红蛋白差值为（24.78±2.19）、（33.57±2.95）g/L,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。两组术中失血量、深静脉血栓及肺栓塞的发生率、术后髋关节Harris评分比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。。结论：直接前入路全髋关节置换术中局部应用氨甲环酸可安全、有效地减少围手术期失血量,且不增加血栓形成的风险,不影响关节功能正常恢复。     

微创股骨头置换术与股骨近端防旋髓内钉治疗高龄粉碎性股骨转子间骨折的疗效比较

目的：探讨微创股骨头置换术与股骨近端防旋髓内钉（proximal femoral nail antirotation,PFNA）内固定术治疗高龄粉碎性股骨转子间骨折患者的临床疗效。方法：2020年4月至2020年10月治疗高龄粉碎性股骨转子间骨折患者76例,分别采用微创股骨头置换术（假体组）与PFNA内固定术。假体组35例,女24例,男11例,年龄（86.2±6.1）岁;PFNA组41例,女28例,男13例,年龄（84.6±5.3）岁。观察比较两组手术时间、术中出血量、术后下地活动时间、住院时间及并发症发生情况,术后1、6、12个月行髋关节功能Harris评分。结果：患者均获得随访,时间13~17（14.3±1.4）个月。假体组手术时间长于PFNA组（P<0.05）;PFNA组出血量少于假体组（P<0.05）;术后下地活动时间假体组明显早于PFNA组（P<0.05）;术后1、6个月假体组的Harris评分高于PFNA组（P<0.05）,术后12个月两组Harris评分比较,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。假体组并发症少于PFNA组（P<0.05）。结论：高龄粉碎性股骨转子间骨折患者,采用微创股骨头置换术治疗是一种良好选择,有利于术后早期康复,减少并发症,提高生活质量,减轻家属及社会负担。     

人工股骨头置换治疗高龄患者股骨转子间骨折髓内钉失效的手术时机选择

目的:分析高龄患者股骨转子间骨折髓内钉失效后行人工股骨头置换术的手术时机选择。方法：2013年7月至2019年9月,采用人工股骨头置换术治疗股骨转子间骨折髓内钉固定失效后的17例高龄患者,根据从确诊内固定失效到行人工股骨头置换术的间隔时间将患者分为早期手术和延期手术两组。其中,早期手术组8例,男5例,女3例;年龄80~89（84.88±2.79）岁;间隔1~7（4.13±1.73） d。延期手术组9例,男4例,女5例;年龄80~89（84.22±3.03）岁;间隔15~30（25.56±4.36） d。比较两组患者手术时间、术中失血量、术后首次下地负重时间、术后住院时间、并发症例数及死亡例数。术后1、12个月采用Harris评分评价髋关节功能。结果：术后患者切口愈合良好,早期手术组泌尿道感染1例;延期手术组中,肌间静脉血栓2例,肺部感染1例,泌尿道感染3例,假体脱位1例。17例患者均获随访,时间12~16（14.76±1.86）个月。两组手术时间、术中失血量、死亡例数比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）;两组术后首次下地负重时间、术后住院时间、并发症例数比较,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。术后1个月两组患者Harris评分比较,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;术后12个月两组患者Harris评分比较,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论：高龄患者股骨转子间骨折髓内钉固定失效后,早期手术同延期手术相比,其死亡率及最终髋关节功能无明显差异,但早期行人工股骨头置换术能够让患者更早下地负重,缩短住院时间,有效减少并发症率,尽快恢复髋关节功能。     

骨保留型股骨柄假体在年轻患者Dorr C型股骨髓腔中的应用

目的：探讨应用Tri-lock生物短柄假体在年轻患者Dorr C型髓腔进行人工全髋关节置换的近期临床疗效。方法：2010年1月至2014年1月采用Tri-Lock BPS假体行全髋关节置换术治疗烟囱状股骨髓腔年轻患者35例（37髋），男18例（20髋），女17例（17髋）；年龄21.2～38.5（32.2±3.0）岁。类风湿髋关节炎16例17髋，类风湿关节炎8例9髋，股骨头无菌性坏死11例11髋。所有病例合并不同程度的骨质疏松，按Singh指数分级：Ⅲ级26例，Ⅱ级9例。髋臼全部采用生物型假体，均采用陶瓷内衬，股骨头采用全陶瓷头。正位X线片上股骨近段髓腔形态均为Dorr C型，置换术后行X线检查评估假体柄位置，Engh标准评价骨-假体界面稳定性，Harris评分标准评价髋关节功能，并统计比较术前和末次随访时的髋关节活动度变化。结果：全部病例获得随访，随访时间18～45个月，平均33.8个月。35例（37髋） Harris髋关节评分由术前51.2～73.5（61.8±3.0）分提高至末次随访时92.5～98.8（93.3±6.5）分，差异有统计学意义（t=54.745，P<0.01）。髋关节活动度由术前0～55（46.5±8.0）°提高到末次随访时的85～130（101.2±10.5）°，差异有统计学意义（t=133.091，P<0.01）。术后即刻X线片均显示股骨短柄假体与髓腔紧密压配，末次随访时37髋均有明显股骨骨皮质增厚；22髋有不同程度股骨近端应力遮挡性骨吸收，其中Ⅰ度（股骨距密度低，且变圆钝）12髋，Ⅱ度（累及小转子）10髋。15髋有明显股骨骨皮质增厚，无大腿痛发生。结论：锥形柄短柄化的Tri-Lock生物短柄可良好充填Dorr C型烟囱状髓腔并有效保留良好的股骨近端骨量，表面钛微孔涂层可有效增加假体摩擦力，短小的柄端在髓腔内的指向作用可有效避免髋内外翻的发生。     

KD-Ⅲ-M型膝关节损伤中自体腘绳肌腱及LARS人工韧带重建后交叉韧带的比较研究

目的：观察KD-Ⅲ-M型膝关节损伤患者中内侧副韧带Ⅲ度损伤患者Ⅰ期重建前后交叉韧带及内侧副韧带修补手术的疗效,比较关节镜下自体腘绳肌腱重建前交叉韧带并有限切开行内侧副韧带修补手术的基础上LARS人工韧带和自体对侧腘绳肌腱重建后交叉韧带的手术时间、手术并发症、住院费用及术后疗效等。方法：2016年3月至2019年1月符合该研究标准的患者36例,分为两组。A组20例,男17例,女3例,年龄（34.7±9.2）岁,选用自体腘绳肌重建前后交叉韧带,内侧副韧带原位修补;B组16例,男15例,女1例,年龄（36.8±8.6）岁,选用LARS人工韧带重建后交叉韧带,自体同侧腘绳肌腱重建前交叉韧带,内侧副韧带原位修补。比较两组患者的手术时间、手术并发症、住院时间、住院费用。两组患者手术前后膝关节功能分别用美国特种外科医院（Hospital for Sepcial Surgery,HSS）评分及Lysholm评分评价,组内及组间进行疗效比较。结果：两组患者均无感染及切口愈合不良等并发症发生。A组手术时间（120.25±9.55） min,B组（106.63±8.85） min,两组比较差异有统计学意义（P<0.01）;A组患者住院时间（10.60±1.64） d,B组住院时间（10.38±1.59） d,两组比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）;经术后不小于1年的随访,HSS评分A组由术前（32.95±5.03）分提高至术后（84.70±5.72）分（P<0.01）,B组由术前（33.81±4.10）分提高至术后（85.00±5.25）分（P<0.01）;Lyshlom评分,A组术前（21.10±3.46）分提高至术后（80.25±5.75）分（P<0.01）,B组由术前（21.56±3.01）分提高至术后（80.00±4.30）分（P<0.01）;两组患者组间术前术后评分差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论：自体腘绳肌重建前后交叉韧带,内侧副韧带原位修补较LARS人工韧带重建后交叉韧带,自体同侧腘绳肌腱重建前交叉韧带,内侧副韧带原位修补的手术时间明显增加,后者住院费用高于前者,两组疗效无明显差异。     

维生素D受体在糖尿病肾病足细胞损伤及蛋白尿缓解中的作用

目的探讨维生素D受体(VDR)在糖尿病肾病(DKD)足细胞中的表达水平及在足细胞损伤及蛋白尿缓解中的作用。方法(1)本研究纳入了65例诊断患有2型糖尿病(伴或不伴蛋白尿)的患者,并纳入了25例年龄和性别相匹配的健康体检者为对照组。根据白蛋白/肌酐(ACR)的尿排泄比例对2型糖尿病患者进行分组,分别为无蛋白尿(ACR<30 mg/g,n=24)、微量白蛋白尿(ACR 30~300 mg/g,n=18)和临床蛋白尿(ACR>300 mg/g,n=23)。另选择25例经肾活检确诊的DKD患者作为DKD组。正常肾脏组织标本均取自泌尿外科同一时期肾脏肿瘤切除患者10例。将各组检测指标进行对比,同时采用实时定量PCR、ELISA法和免疫组化法检测VDR在各组患者的血液、尿液样本和肾脏组织中的表达情况,以及使用Pearson相关分析分析VDR与尿蛋白的相关性。(2)在2型糖尿病肾病小鼠模型中对上述结果进行验证,将遗传背景均为C57BLKs/J的雄性db/db小鼠及同窝出生的db/m小鼠,随机分为正常对照组(A组)、DKD对照组(B组)、DKD二甲基亚砜处理组(C组)、DKD帕立骨化醇(VDR激动剂)处理组(D组),C、D组连续腹腔注射处理8周,对照组不做任何处理。小鼠10周龄时开始连续干预8周,在小鼠22周龄(开始干预后12周)检测各组小鼠体重、血、尿生化指标对比;Western印迹法检测β⁃catenin、VDR的变化;免疫荧光观察足细胞标志蛋白podocin及足细胞损伤蛋白α⁃SMA的表达变化。结果(1)与正常健康对照组相比,无蛋白尿组、微量白蛋白尿组和临床蛋白尿组的糖尿病患者血浆中VDR的mRNA和蛋白水平均较低(均P<0.05);与无蛋白尿组的糖尿病患者相比,微量白蛋白尿组和临床蛋白尿组的糖尿病患者血浆中VDR的mRNA和蛋白水平均较低(均P<0.05)。(2)与正常健康对照组相比,无蛋白尿糖尿病组和DKD组患者血浆中VDR的mRNA和蛋白水平均较低(均P<0.05);与无蛋白尿糖尿病组患者相比,DKD组患者血浆中VDR的mRNA和蛋白水平亦较低(均P<0.05)。(3)免疫组化结果显示,DKD组肾组织中VDR的表达明显少于正常对照组。(4)DKD患者血浆中VDR mRNA相对水平与ACR呈负相关(r=-0.342,P<0.05)。(5)各组尿液上清液中VDR的水平与血浆中的水平呈相反趋势。(6)Western印迹结果显示,B组、C组肾小球足细胞β⁃catenin蛋白表达高于D组(均P<0.05),VDR蛋白的表达低于D组(均P<0.05);免疫荧光结果显示,B组、C组肾小球足细胞podocin的表达低于D组(均P<0.05),α⁃SMA的表达高于D组(均P<0.05)。结论VDR高表达缓解DKD足细胞损伤及蛋白尿。     

Comparison of University of Wisconsin and University of Pittsburgh solutions for heart transplantation

The effectiveness of University of Wisconsin (UW) and University of Pittsburgh (UP) solutions for the preservation of rat hearts was compared. Lewis rat hearts were preserved with UW (group A, n=45) or UP (group B, n=45) solution for 0 or 24 h and then transplanted heterotopically into the recipients' abdomen. Ten recipients in each group were observed to obtain 1-week graft survival rates. Tissue water content and tissue content of adenine nucleotides were measured 2 h after transplantation in six grafts from each group. Six hearts preserved for 0 h and seven hearts preserved for 24 h were taken from each group 24 h after grafting for histopathology. The 1-week graft survival rates of groups A24 and B24 were 60% and 10%, respectively. In the 24-h preserved grafts, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and energy charge [(ATP+adenosine diphosphate/2)/(ATP+adenosine diphosphate+adenosine monophosphate)] of groups A and B were 0.972±0.165 and 0.200±0.123 mg/g wet tissue (P<0.05) and 74.4% and 61.1% (P<0.05), respectively. The tissue water content of group A24 was 71.7%, whereas that of group B24 was 74.1% (P<0.05). Histopathology revealed more severe muscle edema and necrosis and infiltration of polymorphonuclear cells in group B24 than in group A24. We conclude that UW solution is more appropriate for rat heart preservation than UP solution.     

Role of Conventional and Diffusion-Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Spinal Treatment Protocol for Hydatid Disease

Objective:

To demonstrate the role of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in determining the treatment protocol for hydatid disease of the spine.

Design:

Case report; literature review.

Findings:

Diffusion-weighted MRI can help differentiate complicated infected hydatidosis from abscesses, epidermoid cysts from arachnoid cysts, and benign from malignant vertebral compression fractures. It is also helpful in differentiating between abscesses and necrotic tumors.

Conclusion:

Diffusion-weighted MRI can help differentiate between infections requiring immediate surgery and those that can be treated medically with antihelmintic treatment.     

罗伊适应模式对腹股沟疝无张力疝修补术后恢复情况的影响

目的探讨罗伊适应模式对患者腹股沟疝无张力疝修补术后恢复情况的影响。 方法将2016年1月至2019年5月在秦皇岛市第二医院择期进行无张力修补术治疗的120例腹股沟疝患者，按照随机数字法分为对照组和观察组，每组各60例。对照组采用常规护理治疗，观察组在对照组的基础上采用罗伊适应模式。比较2组患者的术后临床指标、心理状态、围手术期并发症发生情况及满意度。 结果术后观察组患者的首次排气时间、恢复正常饮食时间、离床活动时间和术后住院时间均低于对照组（P<0.05）；术后观察组患者的抑郁自评量表（SDS）和焦虑自评量表（SAS）评分显著低于对照组（P<0.05）；术后2组患者均无切口感染发生，2组患者尿潴留、急性疼痛、认知功能障碍、发热、血肿等发生率相比无统计学差异（P>0.05）；术后观察组患者护理满意度为96.67%，显著高于对照组的83.33%（P<0.05）。 结论在常规护理的基础上，罗伊适应模式用于患者腹股沟疝无张力修补围手术期，能有效改善术后患者的焦虑/抑郁情绪，不增加围手术期并发症，促进术后患者的恢复及提高治疗满意度。     

Long-term follow-up of callotasis lengthening of the capitate after resection of the lunate for the treatment of stage III lunate necrosis

The callotasis lengthening technique was used to gradually lengthen the capitate after resection of the lunate in stage IIIa necrosis in 23 patients. Results of ten patients with a follow-up of at least 5 years showed rapid and sufficient callus formation in every patient regardless of age. The callotasis lengthening modification of the Graner II operation provides all advantages and avoids the major inconvenience of the traditional Graner II operation. There was no increased rate of disturbed fracture healing. Results of the DTPA-gadolinium MRI study did not show any significant impairment of vascularization within the region of the capitate bone. With the “intrinsic bone formation,” contrary to every other intercarpal arthrodesis at the wrist, there is no need for an additional bone graft.     

Safety and tolerability of single intravenous doses of sugammadex administered simultaneously with rocuronium or vecuronium in healthy volunteers

BACKGROUND: Sugammadex rapidly reverses rocuronium- and vecuronium-induced neuromuscular block. To investigate the effect of combination of sugammadex and rocuronium or vecuronium on QT interval, it would be preferable to avoid the interference of anaesthesia. Therefore, this pilot study was performed to investigate the safety, tolerability, and plasma pharmacokinetics of single i.v. doses of sugammadex administered simultaneously with rocuronium or vecuronium to anaesthetized and non-anaesthetized healthy volunteers. METHODS: In this phase I study, 12 subjects were anaesthetized with propofol/remifentanil and received sugammadex 16, 20, or 32 mg kg(-1) combined with rocuronium 1.2 mg kg(-1) or vecuronium 0.1 mg kg(-1); four subjects were not anaesthetized and received sugammadex 32 mg kg(-1) with rocuronium 1.2 mg kg(-1) or vecuronium 0.1 mg kg(-1) (n=2 per treatment). Neuromuscular function was assessed by TOF-Watch SX monitoring in anaesthetized subjects and by clinical tests in non-anaesthetized volunteers. Sugammadex, rocuronium, and vecuronium plasma concentrations were measured at several time points. RESULTS: No serious adverse events (AEs) were reported. Fourteen subjects reported 23 AEs after study drug administration. Episodes of mild headache, tiredness, cold feeling (application site), dry mouth, oral discomfort, nausea, increased aspartate aminotransferase and gamma-glutamyltransferase levels, and moderate injection site irritation were considered as possibly related to the study drug. The ECG and vital signs showed no clinically relevant changes. Rocuronium/vecuronium plasma concentrations declined faster than those of sugammadex. CONCLUSIONS: Single-dose administration of sugammadex 16, 20, or 32 mg kg(-1) in combination with rocuronium 1.2 mg kg(-1) or vecuronium 0.1 mg kg(-1) was well tolerated with no clinical evidence of residual neuromuscular block, confirming that these combinations can safely be administered simultaneously to non-anaesthetized subjects. Rocuronium and vecuronium plasma concentrations decreased faster than those of sugammadex, reducing the theoretical risk of neuromuscular block developing over time.     

Magnetic resonance imaging for the evaluation of rejection of a kindney allograft in the rat

Orthotopic DA (RT1^a) into Lewis (RT1¹) rat kidney allografts and control Lewis-into-Lewis grafts were assessed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and perfusion measurement after intravenous injection of a superparamagnetic contrast agent. MRI anatomical scores (range 1–6) and perfusion rates were compared with graft histology (rank of rejection score 1–6). Not only acute rejection, but also chronic events were monitored after acute rejection was prevented by daily cyclosporine (Sandimmune) treatment during the first 2 weeks after transplantation. In acute allograft rejection (n=11), MRI scores reached the maximum value of 6 and perfusion rates were severely reduced within 5 days after transplantation; histology showed severe acute rejection (histologic score 5–6). In the chronic phase (100–130 days after transplantation), allografts (n=5) manifested rejection (in histology cellular rejection and vessel changes), accompanied by MRI scores of around 2–3 and reduced perfusion rates. Both in the acute and chronic phases, the MRI anatomical score correlated significantly with the histological score (Spearman rank correlation coefficient r _s 0.89, n=30, P<0.01), and perfusion rates correlated significantly with the MRI score or histological score (r _s values between-0.60 and -0.87, n=23, P<0.01). It is concluded that MRI represents an interesting tool for assessing the anatomical and hemodynamical status of a kidney allograft in the acute and chronic phases after transplantation.     

Cost-effectiveness of three combinations of antiemetics in the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting

Background. This study compares the cost-effectiveness of threecombinations of antiemetics in the prevention of postoperativenausea and vomiting (PONV). Methods. We conducted a prospective, double-blind study. NinetyASA I–II females, 18–65 yr, undergoing general anaesthesiafor major gynaecological surgery, with standardized postoperativeanalgesia (intrathecal 0.2 mg plus i.v. PCA morphine), wererandomly assigned to receive: ondansetron 4 mg plus droperidol1.25 mg after induction and droperidol 1.25 mg 12 h later (Group1); dexamethasone 8 mg plus droperidol 1.25 mg after inductionand droperidol 1.25 mg 12 h later (Group 2); ondansetron 4 mgplus dexamethasone 8 mg after induction and placebo 12 h later(Group 3). A decision analysis tree was used to divide eachgroup into nine mutually exclusive subgroups, depending on theincidence of PONV, need for rescue therapy, side effects andtheir treatment. Direct cost and probabilities were calculatedfor each subgroup, then a cost-effectiveness analysis was conductedfrom the hospital point of view. Results. Groups 1 and 3 were more effective (80 and 70%) thanGroup 2 (40%, P=0.004) in preventing PONV but also more expensive.Compared with Group 2, the incremental cost per extra patientwithout PONV was €6.99 (95% CI, –1.26 to 36.57) forGroup 1 and €13.55 (95% CI, 0.89–132.90) for Group3. Conclusion. Ondansetron+droperidol is cheaper and at least aseffective as ondansetron+ dexamethasone, and it is more effectivethan dexamethasone+droperidol with a reasonable extra cost. Br J Anaesth 2003; 91: 589–92     

不同尿钙水平的Gitelman综合征患者临床特点比较

目的观察不同尿钙水平Gitelman综合征(GS)患者的临床特点,探讨尿钙在GS疾病临床分型中的价值。方法收集2016—2018年来自中国国家罕见病注册系统(NRSC)、在北京协和医院行SLC12A3基因检测诊断为GS患者的临床资料,分析其尿钙特点,比较不同尿钙水平患者的临床和实验室检查指标。氢氯噻嗪试验按照标准操作流程进行,测定患者基线和用药后3 h内氯离子排泄分数改变量的最大值(ΔFECl)。结果共有83例GS患者被纳入研究,其中低尿钙患者53例(63.86%)。低尿钙组尿钙/肌酐比明显低于非低尿钙组[(0.085±0.058)mmol/mmol比(0.471±0.284)mmol/mmol,t=7.349,P<0.001]。两组患者在年龄、性别、估算肾小球滤过率、血压、血尿电解质水平、代谢性碱中毒方面差异均无统计学意义。低尿钙组患者乏力(χ2=4.595,P=0.032)及多尿(χ2=5.778,P=0.016)发生比例低于非低尿钙组,两组患者在其他临床症状方面差异无统计学意义。低尿钙和非低尿钙组各有16例患者行氢氯噻嗪试验,中位ΔFECl结果分别为0.539%(0.430%,1.283%)和0.829%(0.119%,1.298%),均提示对氢氯噻嗪无反应,组间差异无统计学意义(U=130.000,P=0.956)。结论GS患者中低尿钙比例为63.86%,尿钙水平与疾病临床表型、NCC功能损伤严重程度之间均无明确相关性。     

Fibrinogen-thrombin collagen patch reinforcement of highrisk colonic anastomoses in rats

AIM To evaluate the effectiveness of human fibrinogenthrombin collagen patch(TachoSil~?) in the reinforcement of high-risk colon anastomoses.METHODS A quasi-experimental study was conducted in Wistar rats(n = 56) that all underwent high-risk anastomoses(anastomosis with only two sutures) after colectomies. The rats were divided into two randomized groups: Control group(24 rats) and treatment group(24 rats). In the treatment group, high-risk anastomosis was reinforced with TachoSil~? (a piece of Tacho Sil? was applied over this high-risk anastomosis, covering the gap). Leak incidence, overall survival, intra-abdominal adhesions, and histologic healing of anastomoses were analyzed. Survivors were divided into two subgroups and euthanized at 15 and 30 d after intervention in order to analyze the adhesions and histologic changes. RESULTS Overall survival was 71.4% and 57.14% in the TachoSil~? group and control group, respectively(P = 0.29); four rats died from other causes and six rats in the treatment group and 10 in the control group experienced colonic leakage(P 0.05). The intra-abdominal adhesion score was similar in both groups, with no differences between subgroups. We found non-significant differences in the healing process according to the histologic score used in both groups(P = 0.066).CONCLUSION In our study, the use of TachoSil~? was associated with a non-statistically significant reduction in the rate of leakage in high-risk anastomoses. TachoSil~? has been shown to be a safe product because it does not affect the histologic healing process or increase intra-abdominal adhesions.