绝经后女性血清骨转换标志物与骨密度相关性的研究

目的筛选能反映绝经后女性骨质丢失情况的血清骨转换标志物（BTMs）。方法选取2020年1月至2021年10月在浙江省人民医院体检的绝经后女性225例作为研究对象,对225例绝经后女性进行血清BTMs［包括1型胶原交联羧基端肽（CTX）、1型原胶原氨基端前肽（P1NP）、骨钙素（OC）］和骨密度（BMD）［包括股骨颈BMD（FNBMD）、全髋部BMD（THBMD）和L1~4BMD（LSBMD）］检测,然后分析血清BTMs之间、血清BTMs与BMD之间的相关性。结果绝经后女性3个血清BTMs之间均呈中度正相关（均P＜0.01）,其中血清CTX、OC与FNBMD、THBMD、LSBMD均呈负相关（均P＜0.05）。结论在绝经后女性中,可优先选择血清CTX和OC来反映其骨质丢失情况,帮助预测骨折风险。     

前臂骨密度与骨代谢指标对绝经后女性类风湿性关节炎合并骨质疏松的诊断价值

目的：探讨前臂骨密度（BMD）与骨代谢指标对绝经后女性类风湿性关节炎（RA）合并骨质疏松（OP）的诊断价值。方法：采用双能X线吸收法（DXA）测定96例绝经后女性RA患者和25例绝经后健康女性对照者的前臂BMD、骨矿含量（BMC）,并收集、测定其年龄、BMI、红细胞沉降率、C反应蛋白、类风湿因子、I型原胶原N-端前肽（PINP）和血清I型胶原交联C-末端肽（β-CTX）水平等骨代谢指标,分析BMD与实验指标的相关性。结果：RA组前臂BMD及BMC较对照组低,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.01）;RA组骨代谢指标PINP为（79.01±44.72）μg/L,β-CTX为（0.51±0.35）μg/L;对照组PINP为（96.74±50.92）μg/L,β-CTX为（0.37±0.26）μg/L,2组比较差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;相关分析显示RA组β-CTX与BMD、BMC呈负相关（r=-0.259,P=0.011;r=-0.300,P=0.003）;年龄与BMD、BMC呈负相关（r=-0.706,P＜0.001;r=-0.743,P＜0.001）;DAS28与BMD、BMC呈负相关（r=-0.400,P＜0.001;r=-0.330,P=0.001）;PINP与BMD、BMC呈正相关（r=0.308,P=0.020;r=0.244,P=0.010）;logistic回归分析显示,年龄、β-CTX为发生OP的危险因素（OR=0.450,95%CI=0.606～0.921,P=0.006;OR=1.008,95%CI=1.002～1.016,P=0.031）;PINP为发生OP的保护性因素（OR=1.060,95%CI=1.005～1.118,P=0.003）。结论：绝经后女性RA患者较正常绝经后女性更易发生OP,骨代谢指标β-CTX可能为绝经后女性RA发生OP的独立危险因素。     

2型糖尿病绝经后患者腰椎体积骨密度与内脏脂肪/皮下脂肪组织比率的相关性分析

目的 探讨绝经后2型糖尿病患者腹部脂肪分布与骨密度的关系。方法 收集71例绝经后2型糖尿病患者临床资料。定量CT(quantitative CT, QCT)测定腰椎L1～L3体积骨密度（volume bone mineral density, vBMD）及相应层面的腹部内脏脂肪（visceral adipose tissue, VAT）和皮下脂肪（subcutaneous adipose tissue, SAT）含量。根据平均骨密度,将患者分为成骨量正常组（N组）、骨量减少组（T组）及骨质疏松组（O组）。多因素线性回归分析VAT/SAT及年龄、体质量指数（body mass index, BMI）、内脏脂肪、空腹血糖、胰岛素抵抗指数（HOMA-RI）与L1～L3 vBMD的相关性。结果 O组的年龄、VAT、HOMA-RI、VAT/SAT与N组相比差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;T组的年龄、HOMA-RI、VAT/SAT与N组相比差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。单因素分析显示,在L1～L3 vBMD与年龄、FBG、VAT、VAT/SAT（r值分别为-0.446,-0.514,-0.469）、HOMA-RI呈负相关（P＜0.05）,与体质量指数无相关性（P＞0.05）。多因素回归分析显示L1～L3 vBMD与年龄（β值分别为-0.502、-0.501、-0.438）,均P＜0.05及VAT/SAT（β值分别为-29.52、-29.56、-21.89,均P＜0.05）呈负相关。结论 绝经后的2型糖尿病患者VAT/SAT和年龄是骨密度下降的危险因素。     

2型糖尿病患者与健康人群的骨量比较

目的：探讨2型糖尿病（T2DM）患者与健康人群有否骨量差异。方法：DEXA测定131例T2DM组患者及89例对照者的瘦体重、总体脂量、全身脂肪含量、全身骨密度（BMD）及骨矿含量（BMC）,计算体重指数（BMI）、校正骨矿含量（CBMC）,在两组间及两组不同BMI亚组间进行BMD、BMC及CBMC的比较,并分析体重及其构成成分与骨量关系。结果：T2DM组与对照组间BMD、BMC、CBMC的比较无差异（P〉0.05）,两组不同BMI亚组间上述指标对比无差异（P〉0.05）;T2DM组中BMD、BMC的比较肥胖亚组〉超重亚组〉正常体重亚组,CBMC为正常体重亚组〉超重亚组〉肥胖亚组（P〈0.05）;T2DM组体重、瘦体重、总体脂量与骨量呈正相关（r分别为1.088、0.792、0.943,P均=0.000）,全身脂肪含量与骨量呈负相关（r=-0.837,P=0.000）。结论：T2DM患者骨量与健康人相比无明显差异,瘦体重及一定量的总体脂量对T2DM患者骨量有保护作用,瘦体重的保护作用更显著。     

高脂饮食诱导肥胖小鼠模型中氧化应激、炎症递质对骨代谢的影响及其可能机制

目的：探讨高脂饮食诱导肥胖小鼠模型中氧化应激和炎症递质对骨代谢的影响及其可能机制。方法：选用5周龄C57BL/6雄性小鼠16只,随机平均分为正常饮食组、高脂饮食组,分别用正常饮食和高脂饮食喂养。于实验16周末,测各组动物体质量,处死后取内脏脂肪并测量内脏脂肪/体质量比值;用ELISA法测量血清抗酒石酸酸性磷酸酶5b（TRACP-5b）、血清骨钙素（OC）、白介素-6（IL-6）和肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）;分别用硫代巴比妥酸（TBA）法和羟胺法检测胫骨骨组织丙二醛（MDA）含量、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性;用骨密度仪检测右侧股骨骨密度（BMD）;分别用免疫组织化学技术和实时荧光定量PCR（RT-qPCR）技术检测骨组织骨保护素（OPG）和核因子-κB受体活化因子配体（RANKL）蛋白及mRNA的表达;HE染色光镜观察左侧股骨组织形态学改变。结果：与正常饮食组相比,高脂饮食组体质量、内脏脂肪/体质量比值、骨组织RANKL mRNA/OPG mRNA比值、血清TRACP-5b、IL-6和TNF-α水平、骨组织RANKL表达及骨组织MDA均明显升高,差异均具统计学意义（P＜0.05）;而血清OC水平、骨组织OPG表达、骨组织SOD及BMD均明显下降,差异均具统计学意义（P＜0.05）。在组织形态学上,发现高脂饮食组股骨干骺端骨小梁分布稀疏,骨小梁变细及断裂,伴骨髓腔中有大量脂肪浸润。各指标的相关分析结果显示：BMD与骨组织SOD呈正相关（r=0.627, P＜0.01）,与内脏脂肪/体质量比值（r=-0.858,P＜0.01）、骨组织MDA均呈负相关（r=-0.538,P＜0.01）;SOD与OPG mRNA呈显著正相关（r=0.637,P＜0.01）,与TNF-α（r=-0.673,P＜0.01）、IL-6（r=-0.874,P＜0.01）、RANKL mRNA（r=-0.760,P＜0.01）及RANKL/OPG比值（r=-0.768,P＜0.01）呈显著负相关;而MDA与TNF-α、IL-6、OPG mRNA、RANKL mRNA以及RANKL/OPG无显著相关性（P＞0.05）。结     

限食后重饲大鼠躯干脂肪改变对骨密度的影响及机制

目的 观察限食后重饲大鼠躯干脂肪的改变情况及对骨密度的影响及可能机制。 方法 8周龄雄性SD大鼠分为正常对照（normal control,NC）组,普通饮食4周、12周（NC4、NC12)组、热卡限制（calorie restriction for 4 weeks,R4）组、限食后普通饮食重饲（refeeding with normal chow,RN）组、限食后高脂饮食重饲 (refeeding with high-fat diet,RH)组。实验4周、12周检测体重，躯干脂肪含量及躯干与全身脂肪比例，全身体重指数，血清胰岛素（fasting insulin,FINS）、游离脂肪酸（free fatty acids,FFA）、炎症因子及骨转换标志物水平。 结果 热卡限制后的重饲使躯干脂肪含量及躯干脂肪比例明显高于NC12 组（P＜0.01）。全身骨密度在限食期间呈显著下降趋势（P＜0.05）。恢复饮食后，RN 组BMD恢复程度优于RH 组。R4组三酰甘油(triglyceride,TG)、肿瘤坏死因子α（tumor necrosisfactor-α,TNF-α）,白细胞介素6（ interleuken-6,IL-6）、骨转换标志物（碱性磷酸酶、骨钙素）水平均明显降低（P＜0.05）；重饲后RH及RN组血清碱性磷酸酶、骨钙素水平有所回升，仍较NC12组低（P＜0.05），而FINS、FFA、TG、TNF-α及IL-6水平显著升高（P＜0.05），尤以RH组为著。逐步回归分析显示躯干脂肪含量、躯干脂肪比例是影响全身骨密度的重要因素（r2=0.823，P＜0.001）。 结论 限食后重饲可导致躯干部脂肪堆积、骨密度下降，以高脂饮食重饲为著；躯干脂肪堆积导致的脂质外溢、炎症因子分泌增多，进而影响骨转换，可能是降低全身骨密度的重要原因。     

老年女性骨质疏松症患者骨转换标志物的变化特征

目的了解老年女性骨质疏松症（OP）患者骨转换标志物（BTMs）的变化特点。方法选择100例未曾接受过抗骨质疏松治疗的老年女性OP患者,检测其BTMs,包括I型胶原羧基端肽β特殊序列(CTX)、总I型胶原氨基端前肽(P1NP)和N端骨钙素（OC）,再分析其数据分布特点及其相关性,并根据不同CTX水平对100例老年女性OP患者进行分级。结果老年女性OP患者血清CTX、P1NP和OC均呈正态分布（均P＞0.05）,且３者之间均呈高度正相关（均P＜0.01）。在100例老年女性OP患者中,低转换、中低转换、中高转换和高转换的人数分别为6、14、21和59例。结论老年女性OP患者血清CTX、P1NP和OC均呈正态分布,80%的老年女性OP患者应尽早接受抗骨吸收治疗。     

结缔组织病患者骨代谢的变化及云克对类风湿关节炎骨代谢的影响

目的：通过测定骨密度和骨代谢指标了解结缔组织病患者骨质疏松的发生情况和骨代谢的变化情况,并评价云克治疗类风湿关节炎（rheumatoid arthritis,RA）对骨代谢的影响。方法：选取2016年2月—2017年2月于江苏大学附属医院风湿免疫科住院患者共280例,其中系统性红斑狼疮（systemic lupus erythematosus,SLE）75例,原发性干燥综合征（primary Sjogren syndrome,pSS）45例,RA 160例。采用双能X线法测定患者腰椎和髋部骨密度,采用电化学发光免疫分析法检测骨钙素（osteocalcin,OC）、Ⅰ型原胶原N端前肽（N?terminal propeptide of typeⅠ procollagen,PINP）和Ⅰ型胶原C端肽交联（C?terminal cross?linking telopeptide of type Ⅰ collagen,CTX）。分别分析骨代谢指标OC、PINP和CTX与患者年龄、病程、体重指数（body mass index,BMI）、C?反应蛋白（C?reactive protein,CRP）、红细胞沉降率（erythrocyte sedimentation rate,ESR）、补体C3、类风湿因子（rheumatoid factor,RF）、骨密度以及激素使用程度等因素的相关性。有70例RA患者给予云克治疗4个月,统计分析云克治疗前后骨代谢指标的差异。结果：280例结缔组织病患者骨量减少的发生率为27.7%,骨质疏松的发生率为21.5%。与SLE组比较,OC、PINP以及CTX水平在pSS组和RA组呈升高趋势;同时,pSS和RA患者的OC、PINP以及CTX水平在骨量正常组、骨量减少组和骨质疏松组呈逐渐升高的趋势。相关性分析发现,pSS患者骨代谢指标与RF呈显著正相关（OC：r=0.570,P=0.002;PINP：r=0.752,P < 0.001;CTX：r=0.660,P < 0.001）;SLE患者OC、PINP与髋部骨密度呈显著负相关（OC：r=-0.382,P=0.028;PINP：r=-0.527,P=0.002）;pSS患者OC、CTX与髋部骨密度呈显著负相关（OC：r=-0.471,P=0.013;CTX：r=-0.422,P=0.028）。与治疗前比较,云克治疗4个月后RA患者OC水平上升（P < 0.05）,ESR水平下降（P < 0.05）;而PINP、CTX、CRP和骨密度无明显变化。结论：结缔组织病患者存在不同程度的骨代谢异常,骨质疏松发生率较高。骨代谢指标可早期预测骨量丢失情况。云克治疗有助于改善RA患者骨代谢。     

围绝经期及绝经后女性基于腰椎定量电子计算机断层扫描测定的内脏脂肪与糖脂代谢的相关性

目的 研究围绝经期及绝经后女性内脏脂肪与糖脂代谢的相关性。方法 回顾性分析2018年9月至2020年2月期间在首都医科大学附属北京妇产医院内分泌科就诊并接受腰椎定量电子计算机断层扫描（quantitative computed tomography,QCT）检查的患者185例,依据内脏脂肪面积分为内脏型肥胖组和正常组,记录患者一般信息,对人体测量学指标及糖脂代谢指标进行测定。结果 在围绝经期及绝经后患者中,内脏型肥胖组的空腹血糖,空腹胰岛素及稳态胰岛素指数均高于正常组,VAT与三者呈明显正相关。围绝经期三酰甘油浓度高于正常组,高密度脂蛋白胆固醇低于正常组（P<0.05）;总胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、载脂蛋白A和B的浓度差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。VAT与三酰甘油及载脂蛋白B呈正相关（P<0.05）,与高密度脂蛋白胆固醇及载脂蛋白A呈负相关（P<0.05）,尚未发现VAT与总胆固醇及低密度脂蛋白胆固醇具有明显相关性（P>0.05）。绝经后低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、载脂蛋白B浓度明显高于正常组,高密度脂蛋白胆固醇及载脂蛋白A浓度明显低于正常组（P<0.05）;总胆固醇及三酰甘油浓度差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。VAT与载脂蛋白B呈正相关,与高密度脂蛋白胆固醇及载脂蛋白A呈负相关,尚未发现VAT与总胆固醇、三酰甘油及低密度脂蛋白胆固醇具有明显相关性（P>0.05）。结论 围绝经期及绝经后女性内脏脂肪与糖脂代谢密切相关,应该关注局部脂肪分布与健康的关系。     

绝经后骨质疏松与血清OPG及RANKL关系的研究

目的研究血清护骨素（OPG）和核因子-κβ受体活化子配体（RANKL）与绝经后骨质疏松及其引起的骨折、相关骨代谢指标（BTMs）,包括OC,NTX及IGF-1）的关系。方法应用双能X线骨密度仪测量82例绝经后妇女腰椎骨密度（BMD）,按WHO标准,分为无骨质疏松组（NOP）、骨质疏松组（0P1）、骨质疏松伴骨折组（OP2）。测定血清OPG,RANKL及其他骨代谢指标。结果OP1组及OP2组血清OPG水平均低于NOP组（P〈0．05）,OP2组血清RANKL水平低于NOP组（P〈0．01）。校正年龄、绝经年限、体质指数及雌二醇后,血清OPG与BMD呈正相关（P〈0．05）。血清OPG与IGF-1呈正相关（P〈0．001）。Logstic回归分析表明校正年龄、骨转换指标、雌二醇和BMD后,血清OPG及RANKL对骨折有显著影响。结论血清OPG增高可能是对抗绝经后骨吸收加快的一个代偿反应。低水平的血清RANKL可能不利于骨重塑,从而增加了骨折的危险。血清OPG与RANKL是对骨折有显著影响的独立因素,提示它们可望作为更加准确的单独预测骨质疏松骨折的骨代谢标志物。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.