First entomological documentation of Aedes (Stegomyia) albopictus (Skuse, 1894) in Algeria

In August 2010, during an entomological programme targeting sandflies, in the region of Larbaa-Nath-Iraten, Wilaya of Tizi-Ouzou (Algeria), a female Aedes albopictus was trapped alive and partially engorged. To our knowledge, this is the first report of Ae. albopictus in Algeria and more widely in the Maghreb.     

Clinicopathological significance of invasive micropapillary carcinoma component in invasive breast carcinoma

Invasive micropapillary carcinoma (IMP) of the breast is a rare variant of invasive breast carcinoma and most cases of IMP are associated with nodal metastasis and lymphatic invasion. Lesions composed of an IMP component alone are rare and almost always coexist with other pathological components. However, few reports have documented IMP along with its proportion and the coexistent pathological type. We analyzed the total 486 breast cancer lesions operated in our hospital in 1998. We classified the lesions into five groups by the proportion of the IMP component in each lesion. Then we evaluated the incidence of nodal metastasis and lymphatic invasion in each group. The incidence of the invasive carcinoma containing any IMP components was 8.4%. The incidence of nodal metastasis and lymphatic invasion in lesions with an IMP component were significantly higher than that in those with no IMP. No correlation was seen between the incidence of nodal metastasis and the coexistent pathological type, shape of tumor clusters, nuclear grade and the expression of estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 and gross cystic disease fluid protein-15 in IMP components. The presence of IMP components was a significant predictive factor for nodal metastasis, even if it is detected in only a small proportion of the tumor.     

Endemic and emerging acute virus infections in Indonesia: an overview of the past decade and implications for the future

Being the largest archipelago country in the world, with a tropical climate and a unique flora and fauna, Indonesia habitats one of the most diverse biome in the world. These characteristics make Indonesia a popular travel destination, with tourism numbers increasing yearly. These characteristics also facilitate the transmission of zoonosis and provide ideal living and breading circumstances for arthropods, known vectors for viral diseases. A review of the past 10 years of literature, reports of the Ministry of Health, Republic of Indonesia and ProMED-mail shows a significant increase in dengue infection incidence. Furthermore, chikungunya, Japanese encephalitis and rabies are proven to be endemic in Indonesia. The combination of cohort studies, governmental data and ProMED-mail reveals an integrated overview for those working in travel medicine and public health, focusing on both endemic and emerging acute virus infections. This review summarizes the epidemiology of acute virus infections in Indonesia, including outbreak reports, as well as public health response measurements and their potential or efficacy. Knowledge about human behaviour, animal reservoirs, climate factors, environment and their role in emerging virus infection are discussed. We aim to support public health authorities and health care policy makers in a One Health approach.     

乳腺浸润性导管癌中促性腺激素释放激素受体的表达及意义

目的 探讨促性腺激素释放激素受体(gonadotropin-releasing hormone,GnRHR)在乳腺浸润性导管癌中的表达及意义.方法 采用免疫组化方法 检测50例乳腺浸润性导管癌及18例正常乳腺组织中的GnRHR.结果 乳腺浸润性导管癌中GnRHR的阳性表达为68%(34/50).其中乳腺癌 G1组的阳性表达(92.3%,12/13)与G3组的阳性表达(46.2%,6/13)之间的差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).乳腺癌G3组的阳性表达和正常乳腺组织的阳性表达(94.4%,17/18)之间的差异有统计学意义(P<0.01).结论 大多数正常乳腺组织的GnRHR虽有表达,但呈弱阳性表达,而多数浸润性导管癌GnRHR则呈强阳性表达,提示乳腺组织的分化程度影响肿瘤组织内GnRHR的表达.     

Dengue fever virus in Pakistan: effects of seasonal pattern and temperature change on distribution of vector and virus

Dengue fever is regarded as one of the most prominent emerging arboviral infections in Pakistan since its first epidemic almost 2 decades ago. Interplay between potential vectors, susceptible host, and lax environmental conditions may promote the infection, leading to an epidemic. These factors may indeed have played a major role in the spread of the disease in the country, which was limited to Karachi till 2006. With recent natural disasters such as the earthquake in 2005 and flooding in 2010, 2011 and 2012, numbers of vector‐borne diseases and outbreaks including dengue fever are on the rise in Pakistan. Therefore, it is a major concern for health sector workers and of utmost importance to have some understanding of the factors affecting disease outbreak for better risk assessment in the region. In the following report we review the climatic as well as host‐ and vector‐associated factors involved in the outbreak of dengue epidemics in Pakistan and highlight high‐risk zones in the country.     

The past and present threat of vector-borne diseases in deployed troops

From time immemorial, vector-borne diseases have severely reduced the fighting capacity of armies and caused suspension or cancellation of military operations. Since World War I, infectious diseases have no longer been the main causes of morbidity and mortality among soldiers. However, most recent conflicts involving Western armies have occurred overseas, increasing the risk of vector-borne disease for the soldiers and for the displaced populations. The threat of vector-borne disease has changed with the progress in hygiene and disease control within the military: some diseases have lost their military significance (e.g. plague, yellow fever, and epidemic typhus); others remain of concern (e.g. malaria and dengue fever); and new potential threats have appeared (e.g. West Nile encephalitis and chikungunya fever). For this reason, vector control and personal protection strategies are always major requirements in ensuring the operational readiness of armed forces. Scientific progress has allowed a reduction in the impact of arthropod-borne diseases on military forces, but the threat is always present, and a failure in the context of vector control or in the application of personal protection measures could allow these diseases to have the same devastating impact on human health and military readiness as they did in the past.     

浸润性乳腺Paget病3例并文献复习

目的：探讨浸润性乳腺Paget病(invasive mammary Paget disease,invMPD)的临床病理特征。方法：回顾性分析3例浸润性乳腺Paget病的临床资料和病理资料并复习文献。结果：3例患者均有乳头糜烂,1例伴有乳头溃疡,1例同侧乳腺左侧外上象限浸润性癌,1例伴有同侧乳腺高级别导管内癌。组织学表现为具有典型的乳腺Paget病的特征,可见小的浸润灶突破基底膜,浸润真皮浅层。免疫组织化学示肿瘤细胞均表达ER、CK7、EMA;2例表达PR,2例HER-2(3+),1例HER-2(2+),Ki67从40%~60%;S-100、P63均阴性。结论：浸润性乳腺Paget病是一种罕见的肿瘤,与非浸润性乳腺Paget病(non-invasive mammary Paget disease,non-invMPD)有相似的预后。     

Impact of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in children on the serotypic epidemiology of adult invasive pneumococcal diseases in Taiwan

Background

Invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) causes significant morbidity and mortality, especially in children and older adults. Pneumococcal 7-valent and 13-valent conjugate vaccines (PCV7 and PCV13) were introduced in Taiwan in 2005 and 2011, respectively, for children. This study was conducted to evaluate the impact of PCV administered in children on adult IPD.

Detection of West Nile virus lineage 2 in mosquitoes during a human outbreak in Greece

A human outbreak of West Nile virus (WNV) infections occurred in 2010 in central Macedonia, northern Greece. Most cases were observed close to four rivers forming a large Delta, a major Mediterranean wetland. WNV lineage 2 sequences were obtained from two pools of Culex pipiens mosquitoes trapped in sites where encephalitis cases occurred a few days before the trapping. The Greek strain showed the highest homology to Hungarian and South African strains, differing from the Russian WNV lineage 2 strain, which suggests that at least two lineage 2 strains have been introduced and established in Europe, causing severe disease to humans.     

伊蚊诱捕器监测法在社区蚊媒监测中的应用

目的探讨伊蚊诱捕器监测指标与传统蚊媒监测指标之间的关系,并分析气候因素对伊蚊密度的影响。方法利用伊蚊诱捕器在广州市海珠区某社区对蚊媒密度进行为期11个月的常规监测。对伊蚊诱捕器监测指标与传统指标进行相关回归分析,并对气候因素（温度、湿度）与伊蚊密度进行回归分析。结果伊蚊诱捕器监测指标诱蚊指数、诱卵指数、诱蚊诱卵指数与传统指标（布雷图指数）之间具有相关性（r=0.758,P=0.007;r=0.667,P=0.025;r=0.758,P=0.007）,并得回归方程Y=1.045＋0.677a-0.590b（Y：布雷图指数,a：诱蚊指数,b：诱卵指数）;对气候因素与伊蚊密度进行回归分析,得到：Y=-18.358＋1.297a（Y：白纹伊蚊总数,a：温度）;Y=-702.837＋47.035a（Y：蚊卵总数,a：温度）。结论伊蚊诱捕器监测指标与传统指标之间具有相关性,伊蚊诱捕器监测法的可信性较强,同时,气候因素是影响伊蚊密度的重要因素。     

Clinical results of minimally invasive open-heart surgery in patients with mitral valve disease: comparison of parasternal and low-sternal approach

Clinical results of minimally invasive mitral valve surgery were retrospectively reviewed, and two different surgical approaches were compared in this study. Between 1997 and 2004, a total of 86 patients with mitral valve disease underwent minimally invasive surgery at the Yonsei University Cardiovascular Center. Age of patients averaged 41.6 +/- 14.0 years and 69 patients were female. Surgical approach included low- sternal incisions with mini-sternotomy, and right parasternal or thoracotomy approach. Either direct aortic or femoral arterial and bicaval cannulations were used in all patients. Patients were divided into two groups according to the method of surgical approach (parasternal (P) vs low-sternal (L)), and the results were compared. Postoperative NYHA functional class improved to 1.1 +/- 0.4 in all patients (no significant statistical difference between two groups). Mean wound length (P: 9.21 +/- 1.10 vs L: 11.24 +/- 0.82 cm, p < 0.05), and mechanical ventilation time (P: 10.42 +/- 4.36 vs L: 12.90 +/- 5.00 min, p=0.04) was significantly shorter in parasternal group, and mean operation time(P:294.74 +/- 59.41 vs. L:259.31 +/- 54.36 min, p=0.03) was significantly shorter in low-sternal group. Mean cardiopulmonary bypass time, and aortic cross clamp time was also shorter in low-sternal group without statistical difference. There were 2 minor wound complications in all patients (p=NS), and no hospital death. Comparing the two different surgical approach of minimally invasive mitral valve surgery, parasternal approach is thought to be more beneficial in reducing postoperative scar, and intubation time.     

中山市2005-2007年登革热监测与媒介调查

目的了解中山市登革热相关蚊媒密度动态及蚊媒孳生地情况，为预测登革热暴发流行提供基础资料，以便及早采取干预措施。方法收集血清学、布雷图相关指数、登革热蚊媒孳生地等监测资料并加以分析。结果健康人群血清441份，IgG抗体阳性的16例，总阳性率为36．28％；各监测点5～11月份平均布雷图指数均超过5，分别为14．53、15．78、17．62、21．37、18．92、15．83、14．70。8月份的布雷图指数超过了20。媒介孳生地调查仅发现白纹伊蚊，未发现埃及伊蚊。结论登革热在中山市部分地区仍存在登革热流行的危险性，需要采取切实有效的预防控制措施，以防止登革热的局部暴发流行。     

微创脊柱内镜系统辅助下行改良经孔椎体间融合术治疗急慢性腰椎间盘损伤性腰椎疾病的临床疗效观察

目的：探究微创脊柱内镜系统辅助下的改良经孔椎体间融合术(transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion, TLIF)治疗急、慢性腰椎间盘损伤性腰椎疾病的临床治疗效果。方法：本次实验所选取的研究对象为我院从2014年2月至2015年10月接诊的84例腰椎疾病的患者,根据患者的档案纳入顺序和患者的意愿,随机将患者分成观察组和对照组,每组有42例患者。观察组的患者进行微创脊柱内镜系统辅助下的改良TLIF治疗,对照组的患者进行开放脊柱内镜系统辅助下的改良TLIF治疗。对两组患者的手术时间、术中的出血量、术后的引流量、术后的下地时间和术后的并发症的发生率进行统计和比较,同时观察并比较两组患者在手术前后Oswestry功能障碍指数(Oswestry disability index,ODI)、视觉模拟评分法(visual analogue scale,VAS)对患者疼痛的评分和患者椎间植骨的融合情况进行比较。结果：两组患者所需要的手术时间无显著性差异(P>0.05);观察组患者的术中出血量、术后的引流量、术后的下地时间显著低于对照组的患者(P<0.05);两组患者在术后6个月的植骨融合率无明显差异(P>0.05);手术前两组患者的VAS评分和ODI评分无显著性差异(P>0.05);手术1周后,两组患者的VAS和ODI评分显著低于手术前(P<0.05),并且术后1周后观察组患者的VAS和ODI评分显著低于治疗组(P<0.05);两组患者的VAS和ODI评分在术后6个月无明显差异(P>0.05);两组患者均无出现椎间隙感染和神经根损伤等并发症。结论：对于急、慢性腰椎间盘损伤性腰椎疾病的患者,微创脊柱内镜系统辅助下行改良TLIF治疗,患者具有手术创伤小、术中出血少和术后恢复快的临床特点,远期可获得与传统的开放手术相同的临床效果,故微创脊柱内镜系统辅助下的改良TLIF治疗值得临床上推广使用。     

Nationwide laboratory-based surveillance of invasive beta-haemolytic streptococci in Denmark from 2005 to 2011

The aim of this work was to describe national surveillance of invasive beta-haemolytic streptococci (BHS) in Denmark and to report overall trends and major findings by groups and types of BHS causing laboratory-confirmed disease from 2005 to 2011. A total of 3063 BHS isolates were received from 2872 patients. Based on confirmed cases the overall annual incidence increased from 6.2 to 8.9 per 100 000 persons between 2005 and 2011. In 2011 the incidences of group A, B, C and G streptococci were 3.1, 2.3, 0.9 and 2.6 per 100 000 persons, respectively. An increase was observed for all groups of BHS, but in particular for group G in men above 65 years of age. Among group A streptococci (GAS), five T-types (1, 28,12, 3,13,B3264 and B3264) represented 71% and five emm-types (1, 28, 3, 89 and 12) 76% of all isolates. Among group B streptococci (GBS) four types (III, Ia, V, Ib) represented 79% of the isolates. Potential coverage for future vaccines against GAS and GBS disease was 76% compared with the 26-valent GAS vaccine and 89% based on GBS serotypes Ia, Ib, II, III and V. The number of reported cases of invasive BHS disease increased in Denmark from 2005 to 2011. Nationwide laboratory-based surveillance of BHS is required to monitor epidemiological changes, explore potential outbreaks and determine potential vaccine coverage.     

Elevation of soluble VCAM-1 plasma levels in children with acute dengue virus infection of varying severity

Approximately 1,000 million infections with dengue viruses are estimated to occur annually. The majority of the cases develop mild disease, whereas only small proportion of the infected individuals develop severe hemorrhagic manifestations at the end of the acute phase of illness. In this study, the value of plasma levels of vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1) in the pathogenesis and prognosis of dengue illness was investigated in children with dengue infections of varying severity. The plasma levels of soluble VCAM-1 (sVCAM-1) were measured in serial plasma samples obtained from 168 children aged between 7 months and 14 years with confirmed dengue infection. Of those children, 71 were suffering from dengue fever, 30 were suffering from dengue hemorrhagic fever, and 67 were suffering from dengue shock syndrome. Plasma samples obtained from 21 patients with febrile illness other than dengue served as controls. A commercially available kit (R&D Systems, Oxon, UK) was used to measure the levels of sVCAM-1 in plasma samples. sVCAM-1 was elevated during acute dengue infection, and significantly elevated among dengue shock syndrome patients as compared to dengue fever or dengue hemorrhagic fever patients (P < 0.05). Statistical analysis revealed that sVCAM-1 was associated with dengue disease severity and the time post infection (acute vs. convalescent phase) and not with age, sex, or previous exposure of the patients to dengue infection. A significant difference was found in the plasma levels of sVCAM-1 between dengue shock syndrome and dengue fever patients, however, the prognostic value of this marker in the acute stage of dengue illness proved to be limited. These data also favor to study the further elucidation of the role of sVCAM-1 in the pathogenesis of dengue infections.     

Allocation trade‐offs impact organ size and muscle architecture in an invasive population of Xenopus laevis in Western France

Invasive species are a global scourge and often negatively impact native species. Understanding the expansion and dispersal limits of these species is essential. As previous studies have demonstrated increased locomotor performance for populations at the edge of the range of expanding populations, studies of locomotion including the anatomical and physiological traits underlying dispersal capacity are of interest. We focus here on an invasive population of Xenopus laevis introduced in France nearly forty years ago. Previous studies have demonstrated differences in mobility between populations from the centre and the edge of the invasive range, with individuals from the range edge possessing a higher endurance capacity. We test here whether range‐edge frogs show anatomical differences in organs or muscles underlying these observed differences of performance. We dissected 10 males and 10 females from central and range‐edge sites (40 animals in total) and measured the mass of their organs and the mass, the length, and the physiological cross‐sectional area (PCSA) of 28 hind limb muscles. Our results show anatomical differences with individuals from the range edge possessing heavier, longer and more forceful muscles. Moreover, females from the range edge had a heavier heart but lighter stomach than those of the centre of the range. Future studies comparing the morphology between native and invasive populations in other regions or for other species will be especially insightful to better understand the possible adaptive changes in invasive populations and the limits on dispersal capacity.